Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica最新文献

{"title":"Assertive skills: a comparison of two group interventions with Brazilian university students.","authors":"Conceição Reis de Sousa,&nbsp;Ricardo da Costa Padovani","doi":"10.1186/s41155-021-00188-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-021-00188-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The improvement or acquisition of socioemotional skills contributes to the academic and personal adaptation of university students. The way students think about themselves and others influence their social skills and well-being. Considering the importance of social competence for professional practice in the face of new social realities, the university must invest in programs that promote the socio-emotional development of students. This study compared the effects of interventions based on Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Psychoeducation on assertive skills and subjective well-being. This study involved 25 undergraduate students of a public university. The students were randomly allocated to three groups, including the Control group, and they were evaluated by means of questionnaires, inventories, scales, and written evaluation of the group process. The program consisted of 10 meetings and a 6-week follow-up. Irrational beliefs were reduced and their assertive skills' scores increased in the post-intervention and follow-up evaluations, regardless of the group. Only verbal reports from participants indicated an increase in well-being. The students' written reports after the end of the meetings indicate that the two forms of intervention were evaluated as promoting change by the students. One of the limitations of the study is the size of the groups. Despite the very small sample size, the study highlights that developing a set of flexible beliefs is fundamental to the exercise of assertiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":46901,"journal":{"name":"Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica","volume":"34 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8349710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39293367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dimensionality of phonological awareness among Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children: a longitudinal study.","authors":"Cláudia Nascimento Guaraldo Justi,&nbsp;Flávia Guimarães Henriques,&nbsp;Francis Ricardo Dos Reis Justi","doi":"10.1186/s41155-021-00192-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-021-00192-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phonological awareness is one of the most important predictors of reading. However, there is still controversy concerning its dimensionality. This study evaluated the dimensionality of phonological awareness among Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children. A total of 212 children performed six phonological awareness tasks in the last year of kindergarten. Of those children, 177 performed the same tasks when they were in the first grade. The phonological awareness measures differed in both their cognitive demand (detection, blending, segmentation, and elision) and the phonological unit involved (rhyme, syllable, and phoneme). Confirmatory factor analyzes were employed to test several models of phonological awareness dimensionality. The results indicated that the best model was an oblique model of phonological units with two correlated latent factors: phonemic awareness and supraphonemic awareness. This model presented the best fit to the data both in kindergarten and in the first grade. In addition, supraphonemic awareness in the kindergarten predicted phoneme awareness in the first grade; however, phonemic awareness in the kindergarten did not predict supraphonemic awareness in the first grade. These results are compatible with phonological awareness developing from larger phonological units (e.g., syllables) to small phonological units (e.g., phonemes) and the reciprocal relationship between phonological awareness and reading. From a theoretical point of view, these results also suggest that phonological awareness is a one-dimensional construct that can be evaluated by tests employing different phonological units (e.g., syllables, rhymes, phonemes).</p>","PeriodicalId":46901,"journal":{"name":"Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica","volume":"34 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41155-021-00192-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39278355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergent categorization in the recognition of black and white paintings through conditional discrimination.","authors":"Paulo Roberto Dos Santos Ferreira,&nbsp;Diana Rasteli Santos,&nbsp;Waldir Monteiro Sampaio,&nbsp;Antonio Carlos Leme,&nbsp;Felipe Maciel Dos Santos Souza","doi":"10.1186/s41155-021-00191-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-021-00191-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The emergent categorization involving paintings by renowned painters and their corresponding names was demonstrated by previous studies. However, the results of these studies suggest that the colors of the pictures may have played a preponderant role, obscuring other aspects of the stimuli that could be more directly related to the style of each painter. To verify this possibility, the present study used the same methodology of Ferreira et al. to investigate the establishment of emergent conditional relations between categories composed of black and white paintings and the names of their authors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The procedure consisted of the training of relations between each of the ten paintings and an abstract picture, for each of the three painters Botticelli, Monet, and Picasso. Relations between each of the three abstract figures and the printed name of one of the painters were verified in sequence. Finally, tests of relations between five trained and five untrained paintings of each artist and the printed names were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants' performance suggests that the outcome was properly controlled by aspects pertinent to the paintings that belonged to each painter's category.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results reinforced the data obtained previously with colored pictures, suggesting that the process of emergent categorization involving artificial categories of paintings is robust. It also indicates possibilities for future investigations, for example, using stimuli of other artistic productions, such as sculpture and music.</p>","PeriodicalId":46901,"journal":{"name":"Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica","volume":"34 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41155-021-00191-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39259431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Depression, anxiety, and drug usage history indicators among institutionalized juvenile offenders of Brasilia.","authors":"Manuella C da Silva,&nbsp;Antonio Pedro M Cruz,&nbsp;Maria O Teixeira","doi":"10.1186/s41155-021-00189-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-021-00189-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46901,"journal":{"name":"Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica","volume":"34 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41155-021-00189-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39222600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Kessler Distress Scale (K10): an application of the rating scale model.","authors":"Evandro Morais Peixoto,&nbsp;Daniela Sacramento Zanini,&nbsp;Josemberg Moura de Andrade","doi":"10.1186/s41155-021-00186-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-021-00186-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Kessler Distress Scale (K10) is a self-report scale for the assessment of non-specific psychological distress in the general and clinical population. Because of its ease of application and good psychometric properties, the K10 has been adapted to several cultures. The present study seeks to adapt the K10 to Brazilian Portuguese and estimate its validity evidence and reliability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1914 individuals from the general population participated in the study (age = 34.88, SD = 13.61, 77.7% female). The adjustment indices were compared among three different measurement models proposed for the K10 through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The items' properties were analyzed by Andrich's Rating Scale Model (RSM). Furthermore, evidence based on relations to other variables (depression, stress, anxiety, positive and negative affects, and satisfaction with life) was estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CFA indicated the adequacy of the bifactor model (CFI= 0.985; TLI= 0.973; SMR= 0.019; RMSEA= 0.050), composed of two specific factors (depression and anxiety) and one general factor (psychological distress), corresponding to the theoretical hypothesis. Additionally, it was observed multiple-group invariance by gender and age range. The RSM provided an understanding of the organization of the continuum represented by the psychological distress construct (items difficulty), which varied from -0.89 to 1.00; good adjustment indexes; infit between 0.67 and 1.32; outfit between 0.68 and 1.34; and desirable reliability, α= 0.87. Lastly, theoretically coherent associations with the external variables were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is concluded that the Brazilian version of the K10 is a suitable measure of psychological distress for the Brazilian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":46901,"journal":{"name":"Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica","volume":"34 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41155-021-00186-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39198740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of a training program for social skills in reducing addictive Internet behaviors among Palestinian university students.","authors":"Saida Affouneh,&nbsp;Fayez Azez Mahamid,&nbsp;Denise Ziya Berte,&nbsp;Ali Z Shaqour,&nbsp;Marouf Shayeb","doi":"10.1186/s41155-021-00185-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-021-00185-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For youth in geopolitically at-risk environments, such as Palestine, the issues related to Internet overuse and addictions are complex. Youth residing in the occupied territories of Palestine as in other highly militarized zones have high levels of environmental stressors (e.g., militarization, poverty, lack of employment opportunities, cultural pressures, etc.) and few chemical or social outlets such as alcohol, intoxicants, and leisure activities. As such, the easily accessible and unrestricted opportunities for stress-reducing social contact of social media can lead easily to excessive and maladaptive Internet use. Therefore, interventions directly aimed at awareness and education on how to manage Internet use are critical for addressing these issues in high risk populations.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The purpose of the current study was to test the efficacy of a time-limited group training program aimed at improving social skills and reducing addictive Internet behaviors among university students.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The sample consisted of 30 university students who self-reported high scores on an Internet addiction scale. Participants were randomly assigned to either wait list or treatment group (15 in each condition). Results demonstrated that using a social skills training program over an 8-week period improved the level of social skills and reduced addictive Internet behaviors significantly in those who experienced the intervention when compared with a wait list control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the implementation of time limited training programs targeting social skills and addictive patterns of Internet use with university students identified with high levels of Internet addictive behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":46901,"journal":{"name":"Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica","volume":"34 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8236015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39111172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collective efficacy in soccer teams: a systematic review.","authors":"Mylena Aparecida Rodrigues Alves,&nbsp;Marcus Vinicius de Souza Lencina,&nbsp;Mayara Juliana Paes,&nbsp;Joice Mara Facco Stefanello","doi":"10.1186/s41155-021-00183-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-021-00183-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collective efficacy, defined as a group's shared belief about its conjoint capability to organize and execute courses of action, plays a pivotal role in understanding the dynamics of sports teams, since it influences what individuals choose to do as team members, how much they invest in motivational terms to perform actions, how much they work collectively, and for how long they persist despite failure. Through a systematic review, it was investigated how collective efficacy has been assessed in the context of soccer and which indicators, attributes, and psychometric properties have been contemplated in the instruments used. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 22 articles were retrieved through electronic databases (APA PsycINFO; SPORTDiscus; Science Direct; BVS; Web of Science; Scopus; PubMed; and Scielo), using as descriptors, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, collective efficacy and soccer, combined by the Boolean operators AND and OR. The study did not delimit the initial year of publication for the searches carried out, including all articles found until January 14, 2021 (date of the last update). The following eligibility criteria were adopted: scientific articles published in journals; original studies, which specified the instrument used to assess collective efficacy and carried out with soccer athletes. Five instruments (FCEQ, CEQS, CEI, CEC, and CEQsoccer) that evaluated technical-tactical and psychological attributes associated with collective efficacy in soccer players were identified. In most studies, psychometric properties were restricted to content validity and reliability (internal consistency), and there were no suitable validation processes for the instruments used to measure collective efficacy, which can be considered a limiting factor for understanding this psychological construct in soccer modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":46901,"journal":{"name":"Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica","volume":"34 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41155-021-00183-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39129675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond effectiveness of the Strengthening Families Program (10-14): a scoping RE-AIM-based review.","authors":"Nádia P Pinheiro-Carozzo,&nbsp;Sheila G Murta,&nbsp;Luís Gustavo do A Vinha,&nbsp;Isabela M da Silva,&nbsp;Anne Marie G V Fontaine","doi":"10.1186/s41155-021-00182-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-021-00182-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A scoping review, based on the RE-AIM framework, was conducted to analyze evidence of reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the Strengthening Families Program (10-14), a preventive family-based substance abuse program for adolescents. Sixty-five articles were included. The results disclosed that effectiveness, implementation, and maintenance at the individual-level were the most evaluated aspects, while reach, maintenance at the setting-level, and adoption were the least investigated aspects. Positive effects on drug abuse prevention and protective parenting factors were found in the U.S. studies. Likewise, Latin American studies have shown the improvement of parenting practices. However, European studies have produced mixed results, with predominantly null effects on substance abuse. The implementation quality was high. There is no available evidence of adoption and maintenance at the setting-level by the organizations that implemented it. New studies must examine the reach, adoption, and sustainability of the program to lay foundations for its future use as an instrument of public policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46901,"journal":{"name":"Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica","volume":"34 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41155-021-00182-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39235374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Fear of Missing Out Scale in adolescents.","authors":"Dian Veronika Sakti Kaloeti,&nbsp;Ayu Kurnia S,&nbsp;Valentino Marcel Tahamata","doi":"10.1186/s41155-021-00181-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-021-00181-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study's main purpose was to examine the psychometric properties of FoMOs' adaptation among the Indonesian adolescents' population. The second aim was to investigate the concurrent validity of the Indonesian version to provide evidence for the validity. Also, FoMOs' difference level between demographic variance analyses was performed.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study involved a cross-sectional online survey design with 638 Indonesian adolescents aged 16-24 (M = 19.08, SD = 14.70). FoMO was measured by a 16-item that has been modified from the original 10-item. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to study its scores' evidence of structural validity. Besides, to study its scores' evidence of convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity concerning other variables such as stress, anxiety, and depression (Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale-21), and general health condition (General Health Questionnaire Scale-12), correlation analyses were conducted. To study the sensitivity, we assessed the effect of sociodemographic and social media use on the scale's ability to identify the population's risk to the FoMO by conducting analyses of variance. The Cronbach alpha values (α = .93) indicated that internal consistency of the scale was at an adequate level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory factorial analyses revealed adequate adjustment for the new version of the scale showing the three factorial structures. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the 12-item of Indonesian FoMO had a good fit (χ²/df = 289.324/51; goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.928; RMSEA = 0.086; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.915; normed fit index (NFI) = 0.899; parsimony normed fit index (PNFI) = .695; Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.890).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has shown that the modified 12-item Fear of Missing Out Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for Indonesian adolescents. It showed that the Indonesian version of Fear of Missing Out Scale has adequate psychometric properties to measure Indonesian adolescents' online behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":46901,"journal":{"name":"Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica","volume":"34 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41155-021-00181-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39085966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professional identity and experience of undergraduate students: an analysis of semantic networks.","authors":"Luara Carvalho,&nbsp;Elisa Maria Barbosa de Amorim-Ribeiro,&nbsp;Marcelo do Vale Cunha,&nbsp;Luciana Mourão","doi":"10.1186/s41155-021-00179-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-021-00179-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Work experiences during undergraduate studies can be remarkable in the journey of undergraduate students. The objective of this study was to assess, by analyzing semantic networks, the role of work experiences in the meanings those individuals attribute to professional identity. The sample consisted of 2291 students (60% women) divided into three groups: do not work, work in a field related to their course, work in a field not related to their course. The semantic networks of these groups were composed of words uttered from the professional identity prime. We chose to work with the critical network, obtained from the analysis of the incidence-fidelity indexes of the word pairs. The results evidence that work experiences are related to how undergraduate students attribute meaning to professional identity, in such a way that three different networks were formed for these groups. The network of those who work outside their field was the only one that integrated words with negative content, while the semantic networks of those who do not work and those who work in their field, despite containing words that do not always coincide, present a similar macrostructure. We conclude that work experiences play an important role in the meanings that undergraduate students attribute to professional identity. The study innovates by revealing elements of professional-identity construction, besides allowing for reflections on the effects of work experiences during the college period.</p>","PeriodicalId":46901,"journal":{"name":"Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica","volume":"34 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41155-021-00179-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38938352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}