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Participatory Health Governance and HIV/AIDS in Brazil 巴西参与式卫生治理与艾滋病毒/艾滋病
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.15
Michael Touchton, Natasha Borges Sugiyama, Brian Wampler
{"title":"Participatory Health Governance and HIV/AIDS in Brazil","authors":"Michael Touchton, Natasha Borges Sugiyama, Brian Wampler","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.15","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This research note assesses participatory health governance practices for HIV and AIDS in Brazil. By extension, we also evaluate municipal democratic governance to public health outcomes. We draw from a unique dataset on municipal HIV/AIDS prevalence and participatory health governance from 2006–17 for all 5,570 Brazilian municipalities. We use negative binomial regression and coarsened exact matching with treatment effects to estimate the influence of community health governance institutions on HIV/AIDS prevalence. Municipalities with participatory health councils experience 14% lower HIV/AIDS prevalence than other municipalities, all else equal. Family Health Program coverage, municipal state capacity, and municipal per capita health spending are also associated with systematically lower HIV/AIDS prevalence. We conclude that participatory health governance may combat HIV and AIDS through municipal spending, education, and community mobilization. Municipal health councils can facilitate these strategies and offer opportunities for improving well-being around the world.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49163959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Fiscal Transfers Affect Local Democracy? Lessons from Chilean Municipalities 财政转移影响地方民主吗？智利市政当局的经验教训
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.16
Carla Alberti, Diego Díaz-Rioseco, Ignacio Riveros
{"title":"Do Fiscal Transfers Affect Local Democracy? Lessons from Chilean Municipalities","authors":"Carla Alberti, Diego Díaz-Rioseco, Ignacio Riveros","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.16","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Extant literature concurs that fiscal transfers affect local democracy when they grant subnational governments nontax revenue. Yet there is nonetheless a mismatch between this concept and existing measures, which consider the whole transfers local governments receive, including both tax and nontax revenue. This article studies the Fondo Común Municipal (FCM), the most important intergovernmental grant in Chile, and provides a novel measure of nontax revenue. It uses this measure alongside the whole FCM transfer to test the rentier hypothesis. On the one hand, it shows that both measures increase the incumbent party vote share, although the effect of our measure is smaller. On the other hand, it finds that the FCM transfer has an impact on the probability of reelection and the competitiveness of elections, but this effect disappears when using our measure. Overall, the findings suggest that rents from transfers do not lead to strong electoral dominance in unitary states.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44729083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Political Trust and Ecological Crisis Perceptions in Developing Economies: Evidence from Ecuador 发展中经济体的政治信任与生态危机感知:来自厄瓜多尔的证据
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.14
Marija Verner
{"title":"Political Trust and Ecological Crisis Perceptions in Developing Economies: Evidence from Ecuador","authors":"Marija Verner","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Could an individual’s perception of the possibility of a future ecological crisis be linked to their level of political trust? Studies of environmental attitudes have identified political trust as an important predictor of support for environmental taxation or risk perceptions surrounding specific local environmental hazards, but less is known about its role when environmental risks are perceived as diffuse and distant. Using original survey data from Ecuador, this article finds that political distrust predicts heightened ecological crisis perceptions and that higher educational attainment intensifies this relationship. A follow-up analysis of the AmericasBarometer’s Ecuador survey shows that political distrust also predicts higher concern about climate change. These findings suggest that when evaluations of political institutions reflect perceptions of environmental risks, individuals blame the government for environmental failures. The implications of this study are particularly relevant for political institutions in developing economies, where the public sector often spearheads development efforts.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43733452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Jon Horne Carter, Gothic Sovereignty: Street Gangs and Statecraft in Honduras. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2022. Photographs, bibliography, index, 368 pp.; hardcover $31.95, paperback $31.95, ebook $31.95. - Howard Campbell, Downtown Juárez: Underworlds of Violence and Abuse. Austin: University of Texas Press 2021. Photographs, bibliography, index, 264 pp.; hardcover $29.95; paparback $29.95, ebook $29.95. 乔恩·霍恩·卡特，《哥特式主权:洪都拉斯的街头帮派与治国之道》。奥斯汀:德克萨斯大学出版社，2022年。照片，参考书目，索引，368页;精装本31.95美元，平装本31.95美元，电子书31.95美元。- Howard Campbell, Downtown Juárez:暴力和虐待的地下世界。奥斯汀:德克萨斯大学出版社2021。照片，参考书目，索引，264页;精装书29.95美元;狗仔版29.95美元，电子书29.95美元。
2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.5
Enrique Desmond Arias
{"title":"Jon Horne Carter, Gothic Sovereignty: Street Gangs and Statecraft in Honduras. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2022. Photographs, bibliography, index, 368 pp.; hardcover $31.95, paperback $31.95, ebook $31.95. - Howard Campbell, Downtown Juárez: Underworlds of Violence and Abuse. Austin: University of Texas Press 2021. Photographs, bibliography, index, 264 pp.; hardcover $29.95; paparback $29.95, ebook $29.95.","authors":"Enrique Desmond Arias","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135658712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bolsonaro and the Black Vote: Racial Voting in Brazil’s 2018 Election 博索纳罗和黑人投票:巴西2018年选举中的种族投票
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.8
David De Micheli
{"title":"Bolsonaro and the Black Vote: Racial Voting in Brazil’s 2018 Election","authors":"David De Micheli","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Two competing narratives characterize the role of race in Brazil’s 2018 election. Journalists observe that Jair Bolsonaro “entranced” nonwhite voters while “insulting them.” Scholars argue that Bolsonaro politicized race, costing him nonwhite support. In contrast, this article argues that racialized patterns of voter behavior were not distinct from those in recent general elections, and that voters’ electoral choices varied within as well as between racial categories. This study incorporates recent findings on racial subjectivity in Brazil, which emphasize the interaction of racial identification and educational status in shaping racial consciousness. Survey data show that racial differences are driven by highly educated black voters, who are least likely to support Bolsonaro compared to educated white voters and more likely to support leftist candidates. By incorporating findings on racial subjectivity into theoretical predictions and leveraging the 2018 election, this study identifies conditions in which racial identification operates to shape electoral behavior.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49049994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimating Parties’ Policy Positions in Uruguay: Comparing Scaling Methods Based on Legislative Speeches and Roll-Call Votes 评估乌拉圭政党的政策立场：基于立法演讲和点名表决的缩放方法比较
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.12
D. Luján, N. Schmidt, Juan A Moraes
{"title":"Estimating Parties’ Policy Positions in Uruguay: Comparing Scaling Methods Based on Legislative Speeches and Roll-Call Votes","authors":"D. Luján, N. Schmidt, Juan A Moraes","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This research note takes advantage of a novel dataset to analyze legislators’ behavior in Uruguay’s Parliament. Comparing the positions of legislators based on floor speeches and roll-call voting, it discusses the relationship between discourse and voting among individual legislators and parties. The dataset contains more than 57,000 speeches from more than 1,000 Uruguayan legislators between 1985 and 2015 and its related R package. The study estimates the parties’ policy positions on the basis of two data sources, roll-call votes and floor speeches, and then compares both results. Contrary to expectations, no clear association appears between the two scaling methods, demonstrating that vote and legislative speech may reflect the behavior of individual legislators with potentially conflicting goals. Strategic calculations or party discipline may be plausible explanations for the divergent results obtained from text and roll-call scaling methods.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45613845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who Is Responsible for the Emergency Aid? Cash Transfer and Presidential Approval During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil 谁对紧急援助负责?巴西COVID-19大流行期间的现金转移和总统批准
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.17
Frederico Batista Pereira, Guilherme A. Russo, Felipe Nunes
{"title":"Who Is Responsible for the Emergency Aid? Cash Transfer and Presidential Approval During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil","authors":"Frederico Batista Pereira, Guilherme A. Russo, Felipe Nunes","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Studies show that cash transfer programs increase incumbent approval through their financial impact and clear association with the executive. But does this effect hold when it is the legislature rather than the incumbent proposing the program? Amid the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, more than 60 million Brazilians received an emergency assistance payment that was proposed by Congress against resistance from the executive. This study leverages this unique case to examine if cash transfer programs affect presidential approval under circumstances of unclear responsibility. Survey results showed that while approval ratings increased, the public was divided about who was responsible for the program. Moreover, a survey-experiment that informed respondents about the negotiations between the president and Congress found that information improves views about Congress but does not affect presidential approval. The results suggest that even cash transfer programs may promote limited vertical accountability in contexts of unclear policy responsibility.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43326045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Jennifer Adair , In Search of the Lost Decade: Everyday Rights in Post-Dictatorship Argentina. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2020. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index, 208 pp.; hardcover $85.00, paperback $34.95, ebook $34.95. 詹妮弗·阿代尔，《寻找失去的十年:独裁统治后阿根廷的日常权利》。伯克利:加州大学出版社，2020年。插图、注释、参考书目、索引，208页;精装本85美元，平装本34.95美元，电子书34.95美元。
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2022.70
J. Schaefer
{"title":"Jennifer Adair , In Search of the Lost Decade: Everyday Rights in Post-Dictatorship Argentina. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2020. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index, 208 pp.; hardcover $85.00, paperback $34.95, ebook $34.95.","authors":"J. Schaefer","doi":"10.1017/lap.2022.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2022.70","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"65 1","pages":"165 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56993028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enforcing Citizen Participation Through Litigation: Analyzing the Outcomes of Anti-Dam Movements in Brazil and Chile 通过诉讼强制公民参与:分析巴西和智利反大坝运动的结果
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.7
Marie-Sophie Heinelt, Valesca Lima
{"title":"Enforcing Citizen Participation Through Litigation: Analyzing the Outcomes of Anti-Dam Movements in Brazil and Chile","authors":"Marie-Sophie Heinelt, Valesca Lima","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In environmental politics, social movements play a crucial role, promoting participatory rights and confronting injustice, inequality, and the interests of the powerful. This article examines an underexplored topic in the literature on social movements, especially in Latin America: the use of litigation to force decisionmakers to comply with participatory formats, specifically in the course of opposition to hydroelectric dams. These projects often are destructive to the local environment and communities. This study examines four cases of environmental litigation that halted dam construction in Brazil and Chile, singling out causal pathways for successful collective action. It focuses on two dimensions of movement success: the implementation of participatory formats and the resulting cancellation of dam projects. In line with the joint effect model of social movement theory, the cross-case comparison of legal disputes shows that pursuing legal strategies in parallel to broad social mobilization and the support of institutional allies, can lead to successful outcomes.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"65 1","pages":"128 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41394658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Lost in Corporate Translation: How Firms Mediate Between Social Mobilization and Regulatory Intervention in the Extractive Sector 迷失在企业翻译中：企业如何在采掘业的社会动员和监管干预之间进行调解
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2022.63
P. Haslam, Julieta Godfrid
{"title":"Lost in Corporate Translation: How Firms Mediate Between Social Mobilization and Regulatory Intervention in the Extractive Sector","authors":"P. Haslam, Julieta Godfrid","doi":"10.1017/lap.2022.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2022.63","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Firms should be considered as actors that potentially mediate between social movement pressures and policy outcomes. This article shows that at the mining project level, social mobilization can generate important changes in corporate practices toward nearby communities, and that these practices can undermine the cohesion of social movement coalitions advocating for regulatory intervention or reform, thus limiting their ability to make compelling claims on the state. In this way, company interpretations of and responses to protest are an important mediating process that conditions civil society efforts to activate state institutions in their favor. This argument extends recent work on the social foundations of regulation in Latin America by including corporate actors. The article is based on a comparative case study of the Pascua Lama/Veladero mining projects in both Argentina and Chile, using both secondary sources and primary field research.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"65 1","pages":"20 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44205861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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