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Morts pour la France: Things and memory in the ‘destroyed villages’ of Verdun 法国之死：凡尔登“被摧毁的村庄”中的事物和记忆
IF 0.9 3区 社会学
Journal of Material Culture Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1359183520954515
P. Filippucci
{"title":"Morts pour la France: Things and memory in the ‘destroyed villages’ of Verdun","authors":"P. Filippucci","doi":"10.1177/1359183520954515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183520954515","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the power of things to affect how the past is remembered in the aftermath of mass violence, through the case of the ‘destroyed villages’ (villages détruits) of the battlefield of Verdun, theatre in 1916 of one of the most destructive battles of World War I. As well as causing mass military death, the battle also led to the ‘death’ of nine small villages, declared to have ‘died for France’ and incorporated into the post-war commemorative landscape of the battlefield. The article illustrates the 21st-century discourse and practices that surround the remains of these villages, from emplaced ruins to photographs and other documents. A century after the ‘death’ of the villages, people who identify as descendants of the original inhabitants gather at the sites and through these objects evoke their ancestors and the pre-war settlement, momentarily reconstituting a space that they can ‘inhabit’ physically, imaginatively and affectively. However, bids to restore a ‘village’ space and time are overwritten by the commemorative framework in which the sites and remains have been embedded for the past century, that identifies the ‘dead’ localities with the human Fallen and their history with the moment of their ‘death for France’. So, while the surviving traces of the former villages retain their power to affect and thus to evoke the pre-war, civilian past, their ability to produce a new memory for Verdun is limited by their incorporation into a memorial landscape dedicated to heroic military death for the nation. The physical expropriation of sites and vestiges during the post-war reconstruction of the battlefield and their preservation as tangible tokens of mass death has enduringly fixed and overdetermined their meaning, in a form of symbolic expropriation that limits their power to produce memory.","PeriodicalId":46892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"391 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1359183520954515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47040708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Absent and present: Biopolitics and the materiality of body counts on the US–Mexico border 缺席和在场:生物政治和美墨边境死亡人数的重要性
IF 0.9 3区 社会学
Journal of Material Culture Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/1359183520959397
G. Soto
{"title":"Absent and present: Biopolitics and the materiality of body counts on the US–Mexico border","authors":"G. Soto","doi":"10.1177/1359183520959397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183520959397","url":null,"abstract":"As the deaths of undocumented migrants expose the violence of border security policies around the globe, a complicated politics emerges between bodily death and the ways in which the migrant association of decedents (dis)appears in vital records – even as many migrants physically disappear during their border crossings. What happens between death and bureaucratic disappearance after a migrant body is discovered? How does the overwhelming material presence of migrant death, someone who dies through an unnecessary and excruciating process like drowning or dehydration during a border crossing, become not-a-migrant? This article considers these questions by exploring the materiality of body counts at the nexus of biopolitics, forensic anthropology, and material culture studies. To probe the process behind migrants’ seemingly systematized bureaucratic postmortem disappearance, this ethnographic case study of local postmortem investigations of migrant deaths at the US–Mexico border examines practices around burial or cremation and body discovery.","PeriodicalId":46892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Culture","volume":"26 1","pages":"43 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1359183520959397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41409224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Finding love: The materialities of love-locks and geocaches 寻找爱情:爱情锁和藏宝箱的物质性
IF 0.9 3区 社会学
Journal of Material Culture Pub Date : 2020-09-25 DOI: 10.1177/1359183520959373
Ceri Houlbrook, A. Parker
{"title":"Finding love: The materialities of love-locks and geocaches","authors":"Ceri Houlbrook, A. Parker","doi":"10.1177/1359183520959373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183520959373","url":null,"abstract":"This article is the product of a collaboration between a folklorist researching the global phenomenon of love-locks (padlocks attached to public structures in declaration of romantic commitment) and an archaeologist who also happens to be a player of ‘Geocaching’ (a real-world, outdoor treasure hunting game using GPS-enabled devices). A chance discussion between the two revealed significant overlaps between love-locking and geocaching, despite the two practices being divergent in function and intention. Some overlaps are tangible, with love-locks forming an integral component of a number of geocaches worldwide. Other overlaps are theoretical, with both practices resulting in contemporary assemblages, or ‘serial collaborative creations’, fundamentally driven by the relationships between objects, places and human participants. The question driving this article is: what can we learn about these two seemingly different customs by considering where they overlap?","PeriodicalId":46892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Culture","volume":"26 1","pages":"3 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1359183520959373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42812801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Reflections in shadow: Excavating the personal archives of Paul Jacobsthal and EM Jope 阴影中的反思:发掘保罗·雅各布斯塔尔和EM·约翰的个人档案
IF 0.9 3区 社会学
Journal of Material Culture Pub Date : 2020-09-25 DOI: 10.1177/1359183520959387
M. Hitchcock
{"title":"Reflections in shadow: Excavating the personal archives of Paul Jacobsthal and EM Jope","authors":"M. Hitchcock","doi":"10.1177/1359183520959387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183520959387","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of archives has been a key facet of the archaeological discipline since its inception, critical in the production of knowledge from the destructive excavation that occurs in the field. The ongoing ‘archival shift’ within the humanities from archives as mere sources of secondary information to primary topics of research has presented new potential for the study of historic archaeological archives. This article explores the personal archives of two great scholars of Iron Age Celtic art, Paul Jacobsthal and EM Jope, held at the Institute of Archaeology, University of Oxford. Shedding new light on their engagement and interaction with the objects that they studied, the author explores the archive’s power to illuminate the ways in which the scholars’ methods, experiences and encounters shaped the knowledge that they produced about the past. Through presenting the archives as both primary sources of historical information and vibrant material entities, worthy of ‘excavation’ in their own right, the article advocates an assemblage-based archaeological approach to archival engagement.","PeriodicalId":46892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Culture","volume":"26 1","pages":"25 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1359183520959387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41940553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Introduction: The Surviving Thing: Personal Objects in the Aftermath of Violence 引言：幸存的东西：暴力余波中的个人物品
IF 0.9 3区 社会学
Journal of Material Culture Pub Date : 2020-08-29 DOI: 10.1177/1359183520954514
Z. Dziuban, E. Stańczyk
{"title":"Introduction: The Surviving Thing: Personal Objects in the Aftermath of Violence","authors":"Z. Dziuban, E. Stańczyk","doi":"10.1177/1359183520954514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183520954514","url":null,"abstract":"Mass violence leaves behind a trail of destruction. Similar to people, things also fall victim to displacement and armed conflict. Possessions swap hands, get voluntarily or forcefully relinquished, exchanged for food and shelter, hidden away, entrusted to friends and neighbours for safekeeping, or brought along into forced exile. Objects find their way to mass graves too, in the pockets and bodily orifices of the killed, on the fingers and wrists of the dead. In times of war, things are also made in response to economic scarcity and deprivation. Produced from waste and debris, such objects come to serve as mementoes, reflecting prison or frontline experiences and attesting to the hardships of the time. In the aftermath of war and conflict, things are often rescued by survivors or the families of victims, inherited, retrieved by forensic experts, or looted from war graves. The surviving thing is mobilized in art practices and storytelling, displayed in museums, or called forth to testify in judicial proceedings. Whether as trophies, souvenir, or evidence, things remain imbued with affect, permeated with memories (both actual and constructed), and burdened with conflicting narratives of the past.1 This special issue investigates the role of objects in European histories and legacies of war, genocide and forced migration. Combining expertise in anthropology, forensic archaeology, cultural geography, history, and cultural and memory studies, the articles explore how rescued, looted, misappropriated, abandoned, found and recovered things live on in the aftermath of mass violence. Based on a broad range of cases and geographical contexts, from Spain to France, Italy to Poland, this issue looks at material, symbolic and political practices around surviving things and traces their trajectories in post-conflict settings. The authors show that personal objects are endowed with various qualities","PeriodicalId":46892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"381 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1359183520954514","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48102447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Australian message sticks: Old questions, new directions 澳大利亚的信息棒：老问题，新方向
IF 0.9 3区 社会学
Journal of Material Culture Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/1359183519858375
Piers Kelly
{"title":"Australian message sticks: Old questions, new directions","authors":"Piers Kelly","doi":"10.1177/1359183519858375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183519858375","url":null,"abstract":"Message sticks are tools of graphic communication, once used across the Australian continent. While their styles vary, a typical message stick is a flattened or cylindrical length of wood with motifs engraved on all sides. Carried by special messengers over long distances, their motifs were intended to complement a verbally produced communication such as an invitation, a declaration of war, or news of a death. It was only in the late 1880s that message sticks first became a subject of formal anthropological enquiry at a time when the practice was already in steep transition; very little original research has been published in the 20th century and beyond. In this article, the author reviews colonial efforts to understand these objects, as recorded in documentary and museum archives, and describes transformations of message stick communication in contemporary settings. He summarizes the state-of-the-art in message stick research and identifies the still unanswered questions concerning their origins, adaptations and significance.","PeriodicalId":46892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"133 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1359183519858375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46802936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Linguistic mediation and code-to-weave transformation in Kashmiri carpet weaving 克什米尔地毯编织中的语言中介与编织转换
IF 0.9 3区 社会学
Journal of Material Culture Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/1359183519862585
G. Kaur
{"title":"Linguistic mediation and code-to-weave transformation in Kashmiri carpet weaving","authors":"G. Kaur","doi":"10.1177/1359183519862585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183519862585","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the process of transforming a symbolic code into weave actions of weavers in Kashmiri carpet weaving and how a trade-specific language features crucially in this transformation. The designs in Kashmiri carpet weaving are encoded in a symbolic code, called talim, which the weavers decode while weaving the design. This transformation from code-to-weave is achieved by subjecting the code to various interpretative frameworks, that is, modality and linguistic, and weaving actions are aligned in accordance with them. The transformation remains similar in single and multi-weaver settings, with an exception that, in the latter, the code is read aloud in practice-specific trade language among the team of weavers.","PeriodicalId":46892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"220 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1359183519862585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49064613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Imagining genocide heritage: Material modes of development and preservation in Rwanda 想象种族灭绝遗产:卢旺达发展和保护的物质模式
IF 0.9 3区 社会学
Journal of Material Culture Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/1359183519860881
A. Bolin
{"title":"Imagining genocide heritage: Material modes of development and preservation in Rwanda","authors":"A. Bolin","doi":"10.1177/1359183519860881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183519860881","url":null,"abstract":"The Rwandan government has undertaken ambitious development projects resulting in major changes to the country’s built environment, including the materiality of genocide heritage. This article focuses on the genocide memorials of Nyamata and Ntarama, arguing that these sites demonstrate how globally-circulating discourses of development and preservation are vernacularized, instantiated, and transformed in their encounter with the national imaginary. The forces that affect the material choices of heritage management here include Rwanda’s state-led imperative toward a particular physical ideal of development, UNESCO World Heritage-driven concepts of authenticity, and the Rwandan government’s need for evidence of genocide. Differently affecting each site, these factors result in multiple modes of material intervention. The article argues that the physical form of heritage sites is shaped by engagements between global and local discourses and ideals of heritage and development; these engagements direct the processes of preservation and intervention that ultimately determine how heritage is materialized.","PeriodicalId":46892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"196 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1359183519860881","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47846084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Tenuous blessings: The materiality of doubt in a Mongolian buddhist wealth calling ceremony 脆弱的祝福:蒙古佛教祈福仪式中怀疑的物质性
IF 0.9 3区 社会学
Journal of Material Culture Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/1359183519857042
Saskia Abrahms-Kavunenko
{"title":"Tenuous blessings: The materiality of doubt in a Mongolian buddhist wealth calling ceremony","authors":"Saskia Abrahms-Kavunenko","doi":"10.1177/1359183519857042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183519857042","url":null,"abstract":"The ritual vases or bumba that are involved in a secretive Buddhist ceremony in Mongolia highlight the theoretical potential of centralizing material objects which instantiate doubt in anthropological theory. The uncertainties around the contents of these ritual vases, depending on their origins, demonstrate how doubt reflects broader uncertainties and can be generative of religious practices and imaginaries. Bumbas are thought to instantiate great power if they are treated correctly and contain the right materials. If, however, the material contents are suspected of being inert or repellent, the owner risks being rendered foolish, and the ritual will have no efficacy. Materials instantiating unknown elements and causations can, through their presence, be a source of obfuscation, rather than clarification. This article highlights how the conjunction between uncertainty and material forms can reveal the interplay of certainty and doubt, which, rather than creating internal intelligibility, can constitute open cultural and ritual fields.","PeriodicalId":46892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"153 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1359183519857042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48112508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Material words: The aesthetic grammar of Toraja textiles, carvings, and ritual language 材料词汇:托拉雅纺织品、雕刻和仪式语言的美学语法
IF 0.9 3区 社会学
Journal of Material Culture Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/1359183519858378
Aurora Donzelli
{"title":"Material words: The aesthetic grammar of Toraja textiles, carvings, and ritual language","authors":"Aurora Donzelli","doi":"10.1177/1359183519858378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183519858378","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the intersections between ritual speech, woodcarving, and painted sacred cloths among the Toraja of upland Sulawesi, Indonesia. The author argues that the longstanding division between studies of speechmaking and material culture has obfuscated significant overlaps between what in fact are related systems of semiotic expressions in Indonesia and beyond. By bringing within a single analytic field the forms of ritual speech, textiles, and woodcarving she documented during long-term intermittent fieldwork in Sulawesi (2002–2018), the author highlights fundamental commonalities in how these different semiotic codes operate and in the local conceptions of authorship and craftsmanship. She shows how key aspects of Toraja vernacular semiotics, aesthetics, and hermeneutics are embedded in a materialist ideology of language and suggests that a joint approach to meaning-making practice across different modalities, channels, and media may further our understanding of Indonesian figurative languages and help delineate the larger cultural poetics underlying Austronesian artistic productions.","PeriodicalId":46892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"167 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1359183519858378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48976074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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