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Naturalizing skepticism 怀疑论的自然化
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12696
Marc Jiménez-Rolland
{"title":"Naturalizing skepticism","authors":"Marc Jiménez-Rolland","doi":"10.1111/meta.12696","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12696","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Naturalism, construed as the idea that philosophy should be continuous with science, is a highly influential view. Its consequences for epistemology, however, are rather odd. Many believe that naturalized epistemology allows eschewing traditional skeptical challenges. This is often seen as an advantage; but it also calls into question its claim of belonging to the philosophical inquiry into knowledge. This paper argues that skeptical challenges can be stated to defy epistemic optimism within naturalized epistemology, and that there are distinctively naturalistic forms of skepticism. To that end, it outlines some assumptions underlying many attempts to naturalize epistemology. It contrasts these approaches to traditional epistemology and identifies the reasons offered by naturalistic epistemologists to dismiss traditional skeptical challenges. Next, it argues that the problem of skepticism can be sensibly stated within a naturalistic setting. Finally, it contends that there are distinctively naturalistic strategies to argue for skepticism and diagnoses the prospects of naturalism vis-à-vis these kinds of skeptical challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/meta.12696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141587347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A speculative turn in science and philosophy of science 科学和科学哲学的投机转向
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12697
Slobodan Perović, Milan Ćirković
{"title":"A speculative turn in science and philosophy of science","authors":"Slobodan Perović,&nbsp;Milan Ćirković","doi":"10.1111/meta.12697","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12697","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper describes the main features and goals of the speculative work in modern sciences that has greatly accelerated since World War II due to the exponential increase in computing power and newly available theoretical and conceptual tools. It points to the long historical strand of speculative philosophical work in symbiosis with the sciences, suggests the reasons for its unexpected neglect in contemporary professional philosophy of science, why it should be a major approach, and why such pursuit is not inevitable. Finally, the paper outlines potential topics, fields, and tools for such collaborative work and argues it is likelier to be more fruitful today than at any point in the past hundred years.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
African philosophy cannot be a thing 非洲哲学不可能是一种东西
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12693
Idowu Odeyemi
{"title":"African philosophy cannot be a thing","authors":"Idowu Odeyemi","doi":"10.1111/meta.12693","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12693","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This essay unpacks several arguments about the metaphilosophic nature of African philosophy and charts a way through the problems these arguments encounter. It argues that we must be careful in our attempt to define African philosophy conceptually. Because to define it is to limit it—and to limit it is to conserve it and lead it to a cesspool. It also argues that finding a single meaning for African philosophy is not a rich endeavour, because, just like Western philosophy, African philosophy should not be a thing but be a vast array of things. The argument, one hopes, is taken as a normative rather than a merely prescriptive enterprise.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Philosophy and biography 哲学和传记
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12691
Paul O'Grady
{"title":"Philosophy and biography","authors":"Paul O'Grady","doi":"10.1111/meta.12691","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12691","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Does the biography of a philosopher have any relevance to assessing their philosophy? After considering and rejecting three distinct treatments of this question, a different answer is articulated here. Distinguishing between the content and approach of a philosophical text, this article argues that biography is relevant to assessing the approach of the text in three ways: in its socio-historical context, its philosophical context, and its personal context in the life of the philosopher. Such a strategy offers new ways of comparing very different texts and assessing them in terms of the aims of the philosopher writing them.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/meta.12691","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141553209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The evolving hierarchy of naturalized philosophy: A metaphilosophical sketch 归化哲学不断演变的层次结构：形而上学素描
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12690
Luca Rivelli
{"title":"The evolving hierarchy of naturalized philosophy: A metaphilosophical sketch","authors":"Luca Rivelli","doi":"10.1111/meta.12690","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12690","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Some scholars claim that epistemology of science and machine learning are actually overlapping disciplines studying induction, respectively affected by Hume's problem of induction and its formal machine-learning counterpart, the “no-free-lunch” (NFL) theorems, to which even advanced AI systems such as LLMs are not immune. Extending Kevin Korb's view, this paper envisions a hierarchy of disciplines where the lowermost is a basic science, and, recursively, the metascience at each level inductively learns which methods work best at the immediately lower level. Due to Hume's dictum and NFL theorems, no exact metanorms for the good performance of each object science can be obtained after just a finite number of levels up the hierarchy, and the progressive abstractness of each metadiscipline and consequent ill-definability of its methods and objects makes science—as defined by a minimal standard of scientificity—cease to exist above a certain metalevel, allowing for a still rational style of inquiry into science that can be called “philosophical.” Philosophical levels, transitively reflecting on science, peculiarly manifest a non–empirically learned urge to self-reflection constituting the properly normative aspect of philosophy of science.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The emergence of value: Human norms in a natural world By Lawrence Cahoone. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2023. 340 pp. 价值的出现：自然世界中的人类规范 LawrenceCahoone 著。奥尔巴尼：纽约州立大学出版社，2023 年。340 页。
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12692
Sami Pihlström
{"title":"The emergence of value: Human norms in a natural world By Lawrence Cahoone. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2023. 340 pp.","authors":"Sami Pihlström","doi":"10.1111/meta.12692","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12692","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the philosophical proofs of absolute death by schizophrenia 关于精神分裂症绝对死亡的哲学证明
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12689
Kuo Li, 李阔
{"title":"On the philosophical proofs of absolute death by schizophrenia","authors":"Kuo Li,&nbsp;李阔","doi":"10.1111/meta.12689","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12689","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper begins by elucidating two common features in the application from spirit to the material world of objective idealism: first, all main representatives take the Absolute as the way to think about the inner negative foundation of spirit and, second, the Absolute has a self-negation processual structure, which exits itself and then returns to itself. The paper points out that the exit-return model can explain the objective world very well and meanwhile maintain the integrity of the spiritual ontology, in which the return to the Absolute is crucial. After the scientific revolution, the Enlightenment, and two world wars, however, followed by the development of irrational thinking, positivism, and practical philosophy, the Absolute ceased to be the foundation of spiritual functioning. The return to the Absolute points to emptiness, and exit without return creates persistent schizophrenia, while subverting the ontological foundation of concepts and language, objects and humankind.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Amartya Sen's social justice 阿马蒂亚-森的社会正义
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12671
Jane Duran
{"title":"Amartya Sen's social justice","authors":"Jane Duran","doi":"10.1111/meta.12671","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12671","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper uses lines of argument drawn from Amartya Sen's <i>Idea of Justice</i> to support the notion that NGO efforts, far from being oppressive, are helpful and progressive. It cites the work of Lairap-Fonderson and Chen, and alludes to specific projects. Contrast is made with Rawls, and the paper suggests that more formal theories of justice may not enable us to grapple with our intuitive sense that justice for the poverty stricken involves, at a minimum, both financial progress and forward movement with respect to internal growth. Examples of work done by NGOs in Bangladesh and other places help us to realize that women in these areas often have their own sense of what a more just situation would require—and NGOs and others can work from these conceptions as a point of departure. Part of the conclusion here is that Sen's concept of the just is a step in the right direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141109394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The testimony challenge against the possibility of philosophical knowledge 证言对哲学知识可能性的挑战
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12683
Octavio García
{"title":"The testimony challenge against the possibility of philosophical knowledge","authors":"Octavio García","doi":"10.1111/meta.12683","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12683","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We access most of our most cherished beliefs via testimony. Philosophy is no exception. We treat spoken and written philosophical testimony as evidence for philosophical claims. Nonetheless, this paper argues that philosophical testimony is unable to justify philosophical beliefs. If testimony is the only evidence we have to justify philosophical beliefs, this entails skepticism about philosophy. Call this the testimony challenge. First, the paper argues that philosophical testimony does not meet the conditions under which evidence can justify our beliefs. Second, it shows that philosophical testimony cannot provide preemptive epistemic reasons as science and mathematics do. Finally, it answers the self-defeat objection and a set of objections aiming to block the thesis that philosophical testimony does not justify philosophical beliefs. The paper aims to rethink the role of philosophical testimony in philosophy and reinforce the skeptical worries raised by methodological and disagreement challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/meta.12683","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Philosophy of education: Thinking and learning through history and practice By John Ryder. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2022. Pp. x + 275 教育哲学：通过历史和实践思考与学习 JohnRyder 著。Lanham：罗曼与利特菲尔德出版社，2022 年。页码 x + 275
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12682
Avi I. Mintz
{"title":"Philosophy of education: Thinking and learning through history and practice By John Ryder. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2022. Pp. x + 275","authors":"Avi I. Mintz","doi":"10.1111/meta.12682","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12682","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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