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Introduction to the symposium “What makes a philosopher (good or bad)? Philosophical virtues and vices: Past and present” “是什么造就了一个哲学家（好的还是坏的）？哲学的美德和恶习：过去和现在”研讨会简介
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12617
Lukas M. Verburgt
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引用次数: 0
On the inseparability of reasoning and virtue: Madame de Maintenon's Maison royale de Saint-Louis 论理性与美德的不可分割性:曼特侬夫人的圣路易皇家之家
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12615
Lisa Shapiro
{"title":"On the inseparability of reasoning and virtue: Madame de Maintenon's Maison royale de Saint-Louis","authors":"Lisa Shapiro","doi":"10.1111/meta.12615","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12615","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper engages with the curriculum at Madame de Maintenon's school for girls at Saint-Cyr to raise and address a set of questions: What is it to teach someone to reason? The curricular materials of Saint-Cyr suggest that learning to reason is a matter of practice. How is one to distinguish autonomous reason giving from habituation or automatic trained responses? How can practices in reason giving informed by social mores have objective validity? Moreover, if we think of the role of a philosopher as the cultivation of rational faculties and recognize that how this role is played is bound up with social norms, by what standards ought we to evaluate whether a philosophical educator is good or bad? Intertwined with the discussion is also a question about the limits of philosophy for the question.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":"54 2-3","pages":"254-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/meta.12615","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46488809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Changing” one's mind: Historical epistemology as normative psychology “改变”人的思想:作为规范心理学的历史认识论
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12616
Massimiliano Simons
{"title":"“Changing” one's mind: Historical epistemology as normative psychology","authors":"Massimiliano Simons","doi":"10.1111/meta.12616","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12616","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article argues that historical epistemology offers the history of philosophy and science more than a mere tool to write the history of concepts. It does this, first of all, by rereading historical epistemology through Michel Foucault's “techniques of the self.” Second, it turns to the work of Léon Brunschvicg and Gaston Bachelard. In their work we see a proposal for what the subjectivity of scientists and philosophers should be. The article thus argues that their work is driven by a normative psychology: a set of prescriptions for which mental constitution a scholarly self has to have. In the Conclusion, it returns to existing analyses of “open-mindedness” as a virtue and explores in what way these cases challenge these analyses, as well as to what extent Foucault's “techniques of the self” can be applied to other cases in the history of French philosophy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":"54 2-3","pages":"295-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/meta.12616","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46515050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Bad philosophy” and “derivative philosophy”: Labels that keep women out of the canon “坏哲学”和“衍生哲学”：让女性远离正典的标签
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12613
Sophia M. Connell, Frederique Janssen-Lauret
{"title":"“Bad philosophy” and “derivative philosophy”: Labels that keep women out of the canon","authors":"Sophia M. Connell,&nbsp;Frederique Janssen-Lauret","doi":"10.1111/meta.12613","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12613","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Efforts to include women in the canon have long been beset by reactionary gatekeeping, typified by the charge “That's not philosophy.” That charge doesn't apply to early and mid-analytic female philosophers—Welby, Ladd-Franklin, Bryant, Jones, de Laguna, Stebbing, Ambrose, MacDonald—with job titles like lecturer in logic and professor of philosophy and publications in <i>Mind</i>, the <i>Journal of Philosophy,</i> and <i>Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society</i>. It's hopeless to dismiss their work as “not philosophy.” But comparable reactionary gatekeeping affects them, this paper argues, typified by the labels “bad philosophy” and “derivative philosophy.” Virtue and vice epistemology help explain why these women have been neglected and why their own approaches are epistemically virtuous. Their contemporaries and historians are deficient in scholarly virtues in labelling these women's work “bad” or derived from male mentors with no or specious justification. Their disparaged qualities—intellectual humility, modesty, critical self-reflection, disclosing biases—are often epistemic virtues.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":"54 2-3","pages":"238-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/meta.12613","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48677374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Notes on contributors 贡献者说明
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12606
{"title":"Notes on contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/meta.12606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/meta.12606","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":"54 1","pages":"180-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50134411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Creativity and genius as epistemic virtues: Kant and early post-Kantians on the teachability of epistemic virtue 作为知识美德的创造力和天才:康德和早期后康德论知识美德的可教性
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12612
Paul Ziche
{"title":"Creativity and genius as epistemic virtues: Kant and early post-Kantians on the teachability of epistemic virtue","authors":"Paul Ziche","doi":"10.1111/meta.12612","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12612","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is a classical paradox in education that also affects the epistemic virtues: the paradox inherent in the demand to develop general strategies for training persons to be free and creative individuals. This problem becomes particularly salient with respect to the epistemic virtue of <i>creativity</i>, the more so if we consider a radical form of creativity, namely, <i>genius</i>. This paper explores a historical constellation in which rigorous claims about the standards for knowledge and morality were developed, along with a highly influential notion of genius: the philosophy of Kant and of immediate post-Kantian philosophers. The paper shows how in this historical moment came together a new notion of “science,” a theory of “genius” and of virtues, and an analysis of the promises and difficulties inherent in educating a virtuous or creative individual. In this constellation of ideas, there also emerges a potentially fruitful account of how to teach intellectual creativity.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":"54 2-3","pages":"268-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/meta.12612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48990010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Icarus flight of speculation: Philosophers' vices as perceived by nineteenth-century historians and physicists 伊卡洛斯的投机逃亡：19世纪历史学家和物理学家眼中的哲学家的罪恶
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12611
Sjang ten Hagen, Herman Paul
{"title":"The Icarus flight of speculation: Philosophers' vices as perceived by nineteenth-century historians and physicists","authors":"Sjang ten Hagen,&nbsp;Herman Paul","doi":"10.1111/meta.12611","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12611","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Why did nineteenth-century German historians and physicists habitually warn against vices that they believed philosophers in particular embodied: speculation, absence of common sense, and excessive systematizing? Drawing on a rich array of sources, this article interprets this vice-charging as a rhetorical practice aimed at delineating empirical research from <i>Naturphilosophie</i> and <i>Geschichtsphilosophie</i> as practiced in the heyday of German Idealism. The strawman of “the philosopher” as invoked by historians and physicists served as a negative model for strongly empiricist scholars committed to virtues like precision, thoroughness, and conscientiousness. In their historical narratives, historians and physicists consistently depicted philosophy either as a relic from the past or as a phase that they had virtuously left behind. This boundary work was central to the self-positioning of both history and physics, which makes clear that the persona of the philosopher mattered not only to philosophers but also to scholars in adjacent disciplines.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":"54 2-3","pages":"280-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/meta.12611","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42169028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The logical structure of Michael Williams's response to skepticism 迈克尔·威廉姆斯回应怀疑论的逻辑结构
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12607
Roger E. Eichorn
{"title":"The logical structure of Michael Williams's response to skepticism","authors":"Roger E. Eichorn","doi":"10.1111/meta.12607","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12607","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper aims to reconstruct the overarching logical structure of Michael Williams's response to philosophical skepticism. One goal is to forestall overhasty dismissals of his position based on failures to understand the logical relations among his various anti-skeptical claims and arguments. In many places, Williams suggests that the strategy he calls “theoretical diagnosis” is sufficient to defuse the skeptical challenge and that, accordingly, his anti-skeptical strategy consists solely in developing theoretical diagnoses. According to the account developed here, this claim is misleading—in need of significant qualification, if not outright false. Even so, the paper concludes that, in its essentials, Williams's response is structurally sound, given his understanding of the problem posed by skepticism. The paper ends with a brief assessment of the merits of that response.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":"54 1","pages":"87-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45017665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On critical African philosophy: Mapping the boundaries of a good philosophical tradition 批判非洲哲学:描绘优秀哲学传统的边界
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12610
Adeshina Afolayan
{"title":"On critical African philosophy: Mapping the boundaries of a good philosophical tradition","authors":"Adeshina Afolayan","doi":"10.1111/meta.12610","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12610","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This essay deploys the existence of epistemic vices in the trajectory of Western philosophy to map the erasures and complicities that accompanied the emergence of contemporary African philosophy (CAP<sub>1</sub>). It argues that the complicity of CAP<sub>1</sub> in the hyperspecialization and academic self-absorption that marked the professionalization of Western philosophy, makes it difficult to attend to the conditions for its own possibility. CAP<sub>1</sub> arguably needs to make a critical turn into critical African philosophy (CAP<sub>2</sub>), understood as a metatheoretical and metaphilosophical framework for an internal transformation that is emancipatory. CAP<sub>2</sub> is envisioned, first, as a critique of postcoloniality that rehumanizes the autonomous African subject; and, second, as an ethicopolitical project that explores the cracks between philosophy as theoretical practice and philosophy as praxis in opening up the spaces for postcolonial emancipation. The essay identifies three conditions that instigate the emancipatory possibility of philosophizing on the continent: the spatial/platial, demosophic, and political.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":"54 2-3","pages":"223-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44138215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can philosophy be an academic discipline? 哲学能成为一门学术学科吗？
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
METAPHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-22 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12609
Isabel Kaeslin
{"title":"Can philosophy be an academic discipline?","authors":"Isabel Kaeslin","doi":"10.1111/meta.12609","DOIUrl":"10.1111/meta.12609","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Richard Rorty notoriously maintained that philosophy is not an academic discipline. He thought that the only viable candidate for philosophy to be an academic discipline—where philosophy consists in a collection of permanent, pure topics—depends on a Cartesian conceptual framework. Once we overcome this framework, he maintained, there will be nothing left to be the distinct subject matter of philosophy. This article argues that there is a conception of philosophy that can be an academic discipline, even if we take Rorty's challenge seriously. It remains even if we overcome the Cartesian conceptual framework. In the end the article goes beyond Rorty's challenge and considers two further criteria for philosophy to be an academic discipline: that it have a distinct method, and that it be able to be done for the public good. The article argues that philosophy can fulfill these two criteria, and therefore that it can be an academic discipline.</p>","PeriodicalId":46874,"journal":{"name":"METAPHILOSOPHY","volume":"54 1","pages":"17-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/meta.12609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47011852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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