{"title":"The Geography of Surveillance: Spatial and Temporal Patterning of Police Surveillance Following Arrest in the First Years of the Special Tribunal in Fascist Italy, 1925-1928","authors":"Antonio Barocci","doi":"10.1177/00961442231164159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231164159","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1925 and 1928, a fundamental strategy of the Italian fascist regime was the imposition of a political court, the Special Tribunal for the Defense of the State [Tribunale Speciale per la Difesa dello Stato], to control its political enemies and the entire society. One unexplored aspect of the Special Tribunal was its use of long-term surveillance to monitor people brought before the court. Suspects were monitored for long periods even when found innocent or upon release from prison. Blending geographical and historical analysis, specifically HGIS (Historical Geographical Information System), this work contributes to highlight surveillance during the fascist regime, which was less brutal than others not because it was imperfect but because it was sophisticated. Thus, the article also contributes to the understanding of the nature of the Italian fascist regime in comparison to its contemporary counterparts.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43631128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fragmented Emergency: Sirens, Cellphones, and Sonic Spatialization in Israel","authors":"Dotan Halevy","doi":"10.1177/00961442231164180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231164180","url":null,"abstract":"Israel’s civil defense apparatus relies upon a technologically advanced alarm system. Once a rocket is detected, a cellphone app alerts the residents of the targeted area, and only the sirens located close by start wailing. The ability to isolate hundreds of such “alert zones” from one another during conflagrations with the Gaza Strip has been celebrated as the key to Israel’s civil and economic resilience. Yet, when the history of this technology is examined, a different picture also emerges. Civil society in Israel has often contested the fragmentation of the country into distinct alert zones and surfaced the social and political inequalities it enhances. By following these claims, this article shows how Israel designed the alert zone system to crumble the traditional notion of emergency and turn it from a collective into an individual experience. The article argues that Israel has shifted the meaning of war, for its citizens, from a political crisis into a series of random events, thus naturalizing the perpetual conflict with the Palestinians, stifling any effective demand for resolving it, and cementing an individualized form of state sovereignty.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46427042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Blonde Provinzen” National Socialist Territorial and Homogenization Policies and the Murderous Consequences of Their Failure","authors":"Ulrike Jureit","doi":"10.1177/00961442231164178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231164178","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the interaction between the national-socialist expulsion and resettlement programs, which emerged in the forefront of the so-called Generalplan Ost, and their disorganized and ultimately failed implementation on the basis of the German occupation policy in Poland between 1939 and 1941. The racial homogenization of the former Polish territories during this first phase of the war was used as a field of experimentation before the planners transferred the principle of “repopulation” with certain modifications to the occupied parts of the Soviet Union from June 1941 onward. Basically, it is argued that it was not primarily the implementation of existing expansion and occupation concepts that caused the radicalization of the extermination policy, but in particular the failure of the intended population exchange. The homogenization policy escalated into a historically unprecedented extermination program when the colonial space could no longer be populated “Aryan” even in its own imagination. The discrepancy between state planning and concrete implementation points to complex configurations of action that were not only fatal but decisive for the murderous radicalism of the National Socialist extermination policy as well as for the procedural decisions on the Holocaust.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48540115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Housing Project of Well Hall Garden Suburb and the Production of Spaces in First World War Britain","authors":"A. Mond Havardi","doi":"10.1177/00961442231164158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231164158","url":null,"abstract":"“Mother went in to work tonight, how I hate her on Sunday work!,” wrote fourteen years old Kathleen Biddlecombe in her diary, on Sunday, January 13, 1918. Kathleen and her family lived on 6 Cobbett Road, London, in Well Hall Garden Suburb—mostly known today as Progress Estate. Built between January and December 1915, in the first year of the First World War, the estate provided some 1,086 houses and 212 flats for the munition workers of the nearby Royal Arsenal factory in Woolwich. This article examines the First World War history of this housing project, by focusing on the diary of young Kathleen. Using the works of Henri Lefebvre and Michel de Certueau, the article probes the tensions between the ways this space was planned and built—in accordance with the agenda of the Garden City Movement—and the ways it was produced and used by its inhabitants during the war. It uncovers the production of space by the people whose houses were built along the Well Hall Road, where Route 44 of the Tram stopped to take them to and from the munition factory.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43351374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Politics of Policing","authors":"Emily M. Brooks","doi":"10.1177/00961442231160859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231160859","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44411997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Troubled Waters: New York City’s Waterfront and Wastescapes","authors":"W. C. Barnett","doi":"10.1177/00961442231158666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231158666","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47064692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imagining Residential Segregation before the Ghetto: Representations of Black Urban Space and Mobility in the “Darktown” Comics, 1877-1900","authors":"C. Anderson","doi":"10.1177/00961442231159946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231159946","url":null,"abstract":"Examining Currier and Ives’s immensely popular and racist lithographic print series, the “Darktown” comics, from 1877 to 1900, this article argues that the prints represented homogeneous black urban space as commonplace, natural, and correct despite the fact that extensive residential racial segregation was not the reality in any U.S. cities during the period. In doing so, the images both reflected growing white desires for segregation and constituted one site where Americans encountered, and potentially acquired, ideas about segregation. By demonstrating that images of racial segregation circulated via the Darktown comics prior to advent of ghettoization, this article addresses a significant gap in the historical scholarship on U.S. racial residential segregation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as this scholarship has overlooked popular culture as a site where ideas about segregation appeared and played out.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45864164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Resilience of Planned Communities: Recent Perspectives","authors":"Shelley S. Mastran","doi":"10.1177/00961442231153184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442231153184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"81 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41243715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}