Baltic Journal of Management最新文献

{"title":"CSR perceptions, meaningful work and innovative behaviors: the moderated mediation effects of co-worker instrumental and emotional support","authors":"Won-Moo Hur, Taewon Moon, Jie Young Won, Seung-Yoon Rhee","doi":"10.1108/bjm-05-2023-0184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/bjm-05-2023-0184","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This study examines the role of meaningful work in mediating the relationship between employees’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and innovative behavior. This study further examines how co-worker support, both instrumental and emotional, moderates the meaningful work–innovative behavior relationship.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>Utilizing survey data from 355 employees in South Korea with a two-wave longitudinal design, path modeling with the M-plus PROCESS macro was performed to analyze the mediation and second-stage moderated mediation effects.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The results showed that the relationship between employee CSR perceptions and innovative behavior was mediated by meaningful work. Co-worker instrumental support strengthened the meaningful work–innovative behavior relationship, whereas co-worker emotional support had no significant moderating effect. The three-way interaction analysis indicated that the meaningful work–innovative behavior relationship was weakest when co-worker instrumental support was low. Additionally, instrumental support by co-workers moderated the indirect effect of CSR perceptions on innovative behavior via meaningful work.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This research contributes to the literature on CSR perceptions and meaningful work. Our focus on meaningful work as a key psychological mechanism provides insights into how and why employee CSR perceptions promote desirable outcomes including innovative behavior, an underexplored yet important outcome. Furthermore, by identifying co-worker instrumental support as a significant boundary condition, this study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the social context that promotes innovative behavior.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":46829,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Management","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleepless nights at work: examining the mediating role of insomnia in customer mistreatment","authors":"Jeeyoon Jeong, Ji Hoon Lee, Steven J. Karau","doi":"10.1108/bjm-11-2023-0426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/bjm-11-2023-0426","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Grounded in the conservation of resources theory, this study proposes the mechanisms and conditions under which customer mistreatment affects employee proactive behavior. This study focuses on insomnia as a mediating mechanism and resilience as a boundary condition for the indirect effect of customer mistreatment on employee proactive behavior via insomnia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;!--/ Abstract__block --&gt;\u0000&lt;h3&gt;Design/methodology/approach&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;We conducted a single survey in two phases, with a time lag of three weeks, among 302 frontline South Korean employees. The data collected from these two points were then analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis and the PROCESS macro.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;!--/ Abstract__block --&gt;\u0000&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;The findings demonstrated that there was a significant negative relationship between customer mistreatment and employee proactive behavior, and this relationship was mediated by insomnia. Furthermore, the results revealed that resilience moderates both the effect of customer mistreatment on insomnia and the indirect effect of customer mistreatment on employee proactive behavior through insomnia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;!--/ Abstract__block --&gt;\u0000&lt;h3&gt;Research limitations/implications&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;This research primarily focuses on Korean frontline workers, potentially limiting cultural generalizability. The reliance on self-reported data may introduce common method bias. Future studies should diversify participant demographics and utilize multi-source feedback to validate findings. Grounded in the Conservation of Resource Theory, this study underscores the neglected linkage between customer mistreatment and proactive behavior, especially in frontline employees. We introduce insomnia as a pivotal mediator, deepening our understanding of why mistreatment dampens proactivity. Additionally, we spotlight the role of resilience, revealing its buffering effect against mistreatment’s adverse outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;!--/ Abstract__block --&gt;\u0000&lt;h3&gt;Practical implications&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Organizations should be aware of the detrimental effects of customer mistreatment on frontline employees, as it can hamper proactive behavior, primarily through the exacerbation of insomnia. Implementing resilience-training programs can be a proactive step, offering frontline staff tools to buffer against such negative outcomes. Managers are encouraged to recognize and address instances of customer mistreatment and prioritize employee well-being, which in turn can foster a more proactive and resilient workforce, enhancing organizational performance and customer satisfaction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;!--/ Abstract__block --&gt;\u0000&lt;h3&gt;Social implications&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;This study underscores the broader societal challenge of customer mistreatment in the service sector, highlighting its ripple effects on employee well-being and proactive behavior. It sheds light on the importance of fostering respectful interactions in public and private spaces, emphasizing mutual respect between customers and service providers. Recognizing the ad","PeriodicalId":46829,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Management","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140942304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supervisor bottom-line mentality and employee workplace well-being: a multiple mediation model","authors":"Linyi Guo, Jing Du, Juncheng Zhang","doi":"10.1108/bjm-11-2023-0467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/bjm-11-2023-0467","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This study is intended to investigate the relationship between supervisor bottom-line mentality (BLM) and employee workplace well-being. In addition, this study discusses the mediating roles of perception of organizational politics and job anxiety in this relationship.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>Data were gathered from a two-wave survey of 301 full-time employees in southern China. The PROCESS macro in SPSS was applied to test the hypotheses.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Results showed that supervisor BLM was negatively related to employee workplace well-being. Moreover, perceptions of organizational politics and job anxiety played multiple mediating roles in the relationship between supervisor BLM and employee workplace well-being.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Drawing on the conservation of resource (COR) theory and cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS) theory, this study proposes a multiple mediation model to advance our understanding of how supervisor BLM affects employee workplace well-being.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":46829,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Management","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140636178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of corporate environmental performance and the moderating effect of economic crises","authors":"María Lourdes Arco-Castro, María Victoria López-Pérez, Ana Belén Alonso-Conde, Javier Rojo Suárez","doi":"10.1108/bjm-06-2023-0233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/bjm-06-2023-0233","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This paper aims to identify the effect of environmental management systems (EMSs), commitment to stakeholders and gender diversity on corporate environmental performance (CEP) and the extent to which an economic crisis moderates these relationships.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>A regression analysis was conducted on a sample of 14,217 observations from 1,933 firms from 26 countries from 2002 to 2010. The estimator used is ordinary least squares with heteroscedastic panel-corrected standard errors (PCSEs), which allows us to obtain consistent results in the presence of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The results show that EMSs and stakeholder engagement are mechanisms that drive CEP but lose their effectiveness in times of crisis. However, the presence of women on boards has a positive effect on CEP that is not affected by an economic crisis.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\u0000<p>The study has some limitations that could be addressed in the future. We present board gender diversity as a governance mechanism because its role is strongly related to non-financial performance. Future studies could focus on other corporate governance mechanisms, such as the presence of institutional or long-term investors. In addition, other mechanisms could be found that can counteract poor environmental performance in times of crisis. Finally, it might be useful to contrast these results with the crisis generated by the coronavirus pandemic.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>The results obtained have important practical implications at the corporate and institutional levels. At the corporate level, they highlight, as essential contributions, that environmental management systems and stakeholder orientation are not effective in times of economic crisis, except for with the presence of women on the board.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Social implications</h3>\u0000<p>Following the crisis, the European Commission has promoted gender diversity on boards as a mechanism to improve the governance of entities – improving, among other aspects, sustainability. In this sense, another one of the practical implications of the study is support for the policies that the European Union has implemented over the last two decades.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The paper analyses how a crisis affects the moral and cultural institutional mechanisms that promote CEP. Gender diversity on the board of directors not only promotes environmental performance but also appears to be a governance mechanism that ensures this performance in times of crisis when the other mechanisms lose their effectiveness. The study proposes specific policies that help maintain environmental performance in an economic crisis.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":46829,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Management","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140837769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreasing employability with age? The role of automation risk, lifelong learning and occupational mobility","authors":"Bernadeta Goštautaitė, Miglė Šerelytė","doi":"10.1108/bjm-11-2022-0419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/bjm-11-2022-0419","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>As aging populations lead to longer working lives and increasing automation threatens job security, maintaining lifelong employability is becoming a fundamental challenge for many individuals. The purpose of this study is to examine how lifelong employability can be maintained. </p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>Based on the theoretical perspectives of both movement capital and selection, optimization and compensation (SOC) theories, we used large-scale survey data (N = 2,256) from three European countries to investigate strategies for preserving employability among aging workers. Specifically, we explored the perceived risk of automation, lifelong learner characteristics and self-efficacy for occupational mobility as boundary conditions that may shape the negative relationship between age and employability.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>We found a negative relationship between age and employability, which was more pronounced when the perceived risk of automation was higher. Furthermore, lifelong learner characteristics and self-efficacy for occupational mobility mitigated the negative relationship, so that age was not related to employability if people possessed lifelong learner characteristics and were ready for a career change.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Our study implies the importance of investing in enhancing lifelong learner characteristics and self-efficacy for occupational mobility for older employees.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":46829,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Management","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward an alternative measure of board diversity: an exploratory study on board polarization in German stock exchange-listed companies","authors":"Johann Valentowitsch, Michael Kindig, Wolfgang Burr","doi":"10.1108/bjm-09-2023-0367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/bjm-09-2023-0367","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The effects of board composition on performance have long been discussed in management research using fractionalization measures. In this study, we propose an alternative measurement approach based on board polarization.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>Using an exploratory analysis and applying the polarization measure to German Deutscher Aktienindex (DAX)-, Midcap-DAX (MDAX)- and Small Cap-Index (SDAX)-listed companies, this paper applies the polarization index to examine the relationship between board diversity and performance.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The results show that the polarization concept is well suited to measure principal-agent problems between the members of the management and supervisory boards. We reveal that board polarization is negatively associated with firm performance, as measured by return on investment (ROI).</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This exploratory study shows that the measurement of board polarization can be linked to performance differences between companies, which offers promising starting points for further research.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":46829,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Management","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of individual and contextual factors on proactivity and proficiency: the roles of meaningfulness of work and competitive intensity","authors":"Adolfo Carballo-Penela, Emilio Ruzo-Sanmartín, Belén Bande","doi":"10.1108/bjm-09-2023-0365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/bjm-09-2023-0365","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This article aims to provide knowledge on the antecedents and consequences of individual proactive behaviour. The proposed research model includes two unexplored antecedents (experienced meaningfulness of work and industry competitive intensity) and one consequence (individual proficiency).</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>Data were collected from 297 salespeople working at 105 enterprises in a range of industries. Data analysis was performed by applying confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The results show (1) a positive association between industry competitive intensity and salespeople’s experienced meaningfulness of work and their proactivity at work; (2) a positive relationship between salespeople’s proactive behaviour and their individual proficiency and (3) that salespeople’s proactivity mediates the relation between industry competitive intensity and the experienced meaningfulness of work and individual proficiency.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The results suggest that managers could stimulate proactive behaviour by increasing the experienced meaningfulness of work. They also indicate that it is not only individual factors that are relevant in stimulating proactive behaviour at work, as contextual factors (particularly external ones) can also influence individual decisions with regard to engaging or not in proactive behaviour. Our findings regarding the positive relationship between proactivity and proficiency would help managers to encourage salespeople’s proactive behaviour.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":46829,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Management","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140171493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship of job characteristics with in-role and extra-role performance: the mediating effect of job crafting","authors":"Loredana Mihalca, Lucia Ratiu, Christoph Helm, Gabriela Brendea, Daniel Metz","doi":"10.1108/bjm-05-2023-0191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/bjm-05-2023-0191","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>Drawing upon the job demands-resources model, the purpose of this study is to investigate the differential relevance of contextual antecedents for job crafting dimensions (i.e. increasing structural and social job resources) and consequently for various aspects of work performance (in-role and extra-role performance). Despite considerable research on the role of job autonomy and social support in predicting job crafting, little attention has been paid to how problem-solving, a knowledge job characteristic, relates to job crafting dimensions.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>Survey data were collected from 282 employees belonging to different information technology companies in Romania. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized relations.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Problem-solving was positively related to both job crafting dimensions, whereas social support was positively related only to increasing social job resources. Unexpectedly, job autonomy predicted increasing structural resources only when social support was high, as the post-hoc analysis indicated. Furthermore, increasing structural job resources fully mediated the relationship of problem-solving with in-role performance and different types of extra-role behaviors, whereas increasing social resources did not act as a mediator.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The current study is the first to show that problem-solving is an important predictor for job crafting. Furthermore, this study contributes to the literature by revealing that crafting structural resources represents an important mechanism that explains the positive relationship between work design (i.e. problem-solving) and different performance facets.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":46829,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Management","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139051883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The moderating effect of age on the benefits of trait mindfulness and functional flexibility among salespeople","authors":"Peerayuth Charoensukmongkol","doi":"10.1108/bjm-05-2023-0193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/bjm-05-2023-0193","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>Although the benefits that individuals obtain from trait mindfulness and functional flexibility have been well documented in the research literature, one crucial gap is the lack of evidence clarifying whether trait mindfulness and functional flexibility might benefit all age groups. Using the moderating effect of age among salespeople, this research analyzes the effects of trait mindfulness and functional flexibility regarding sales performance based on the conservation of resource theory.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>Survey data were collected from 227 salespeople across 120 companies located in Bangkok, Thailand. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The analysis shows that the positive effect of trait mindfulness on sales performance is more substantial for older salespeople than their younger counterparts. Although the analysis shows that functional flexibility is positively associated with sales performance, the positive relationship is only supported for younger salespeople. For older salespeople, available flexibility does not positively affect sales performance.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>Based on the findings, developing trait mindfulness and functional flexibility in salespeople could be a valuable area of focus for sales organizations' human capital development policies. Although the intervention to develop trait mindfulness could be provided to all salespeople, the functional flexibility enhancement component should be delivered specifically to younger salespeople who may experience more significant gains from the training.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The results address the gap in the existing research that lacked evidence as to whether trait mindfulness and functional flexibility similarly affect the work performance of older and younger people. In particular, this study offers new insight into how age differences influence the benefit of trait mindfulness and functional flexibility across different age groups of individuals.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":46829,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Management","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139051882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation unpacked: participants' perceptions of its meaning and scope","authors":"Lisa Källström, Elin Smith","doi":"10.1108/bjm-10-2022-0365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/bjm-10-2022-0365","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The concept of “participation” has become a buzzword in contemporary public governance models. However, despite the broad and significant interest, defining participation remains a debated topic. The aim of the current study was to explore how participants perceived and interpreted the meaning and scope of participation.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This study is part of a four-year (2019–2022) longitudinal research project investigating stakeholder participation in the context of developing and establishing a strategic regional plan in Region Skåne in southern Sweden. The research project has a qualitative approach and uses interviews with different stakeholder groups such as municipal politicians and public officials and a survey as empirical material.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The authors developed a participation spectrum including eight types of participation: to be open, to be informed, to be listened to, to discuss, to be consulted, to give and take, to collaborate and to co-create. The authors also identified four different purposes of participation: creating a joint network, creating a joint understanding, creating a joint effort and creating a joint vision. The spectrum and the purposes were related through four characteristics of participation, i.e. involvement, interaction, influence and empowerment.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\u0000<p>The study rests on a single case, and so the results have limited transferatibility.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Researching participation in terms of the participants' perceptions contributes a new perspective to the existing literature, which has commonly focussed on the organizers' perceptions of participation. Moreover, in order to clarify what participation meant to the participants, the study puts emphasis on untangling this from the why question of participation.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":46829,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139051880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}