Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Generalized uncertainty relations: existing paradigms and new approaches","authors":"Matthew J. Lake, T. Harko, Shi‐Dong Liang","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1246781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1246781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46793,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45435357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equatorial plasma bubbles features over the Brazilian sector according to the solar cycle and geomagnetic activity level","authors":"C. S. Carmo, L. Dai, C. Denardini, C. Figueiredo, C. M. Wrasse, L. Resende, D. Barros, J. Moro, S. Chen, G. Picanço, R. P. Silva, C. Wang, H. Li, Z. Liu","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1252511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1252511","url":null,"abstract":"Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) can lead to signal degradation, affecting the measurement accuracy. Studying EPBs and their characteristics has gained increasing importance. The characteristics of EPBs were investigated using the rate of total electron content (TEC) index (ROTI) maps under different solar and magnetic activity conditions during two periods: July 2014–July 2015 (solar maximum activity with F10.7: 145.9 × 10−22 W⋅m−2⋅Hz−1) and July 2019–July 2020 (solar minimum activity with F10.7: 69.7 × 10−22 W⋅m−2⋅Hz−1). We also divided this analysis according to the magnetic activity levels based on Kp and Dst (disturbance storm time) indices, classified as follows: quiet+ (Kp ≤3 and Dst >−30 nT), quiet− (Kp ≤3 and Dst <−30 nT), disturbed weak (−50 nT <Dst ≤−30 nT), moderate (−100 nT <Dst ≤−50 nT), and intense (Dst ≤−100 nT). The ROTI is calculated using the slant TEC with the carrier phase, and its keograms are used to extract the zonal velocity and distance. Our statistical investigation shows the occurrence rate, duration, zonal drift velocity, and inter-bubble zonal distance of EPBs over the Brazilian sector. The latitudinal extension and zonal drift velocity of EPBs are higher during the solar maximum than those in the solar minimum. In addition, EPBs are found with unusually long durations, remaining until the morning (∼12 UT), and 10% of EPB observations occurred on the winter solstice.","PeriodicalId":46793,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48086847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning model of hiss waves in the plasmasphere and plumes and their effects on radiation belt electrons","authors":"Sheng Huang, Wen Li, Q. Ma, Xiaochen Shen, L. Capannolo, M. Hanzelka, X. Chu, Donglai Ma, J. Bortnik, S. Wing","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1231578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1231578","url":null,"abstract":"Hiss waves play an important role in removing energetic electrons from Earth’s radiation belts by precipitating them into the upper atmosphere. Compared to plasmaspheric hiss that has been studied extensively, the evolution and effects of plume hiss are less understood due to the challenge of obtaining their global observations at high cadence. In this study, we use a neural network approach to model the global evolution of both the total electron density and the hiss wave amplitudes in the plasmasphere and plume. After describing the model development, we apply the model to a storm event that occurred on 14 May 2019 and find that the hiss wave amplitude first increased at dawn and then shifted towards dusk, where it was further excited within a narrow region of high density, namely, a plasmaspheric plume. During the recovery phase of the storm, the plume rotated and wrapped around Earth, while the hiss wave amplitude decayed quickly over the nightside. Moreover, we simulated the overall energetic electron evolution during this storm event, and the simulated flux decay rate agrees well with the observations. By separating the modeled plasmaspheric and plume hiss waves, we quantified the effect of plume hiss on energetic electron dynamics. Our simulation demonstrates that, under relatively quiet geomagnetic conditions, the region with plume hiss can vary from L = 4 to 6 and can account for up to an 80% decrease in electron fluxes at hundreds of keV at L > 4 over 3 days. This study highlights the importance of including the dynamic hiss distribution in future simulations of radiation belt electron dynamics.","PeriodicalId":46793,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47847459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplanetary shock data base","authors":"D. Oliveira","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1240323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1240323","url":null,"abstract":"In this manuscript, I provide an updated interplanetary shock data base I published in previous works. This list has now 603 events. I also present and describe the data and methodologies used to compile this list. The main contribution of this work is to provide an updated end accurate interplanetary shock data base for future space physics and space weather investigations. The list has been uploaded to Zenodo, and a link is provided for accessing the data files. As for Frontiers requirements, the access of the list has kept to be restricted during the review process. The list will be made public if/when the manuscript is published.","PeriodicalId":46793,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46903167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional inversion of corona structure and simulation of solar wind parameters based on the photospheric magnetic field deduced from the Global Oscillation Network Group","authors":"Xiao Zhang, S. Qiu, W. Soon, Hamad Yousof","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1234391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1234391","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the Potential Field Source Surface–Wang–Sheeley–Arge (PFSS–WSA) solar wind model is used. This model consists of the Potential Field Source Surface (PFSS) coronal magnetic field extrapolation module and the Wang–Sheeley–Arge (WSA) solar wind velocity module. PFSS is implemented by the POT3D package deployed on Tianhe 1A supercomputer system. In order to obtain the three–dimensional (3D) distribution of the coronal magnetic field at different source surface radii (Rss), the model utilizes the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) photospheric magnetic field profiles for two Carrington rotations (CRs), CR2069 (in 2008) and CR2217 (in 2019), as the input data, with the source surface at Rss = 2Rs, Rss = 2.5Rs and Rss = 3Rs, respectively. Then the solar wind velocity, the coronal magnetic field expansion factor, and the minimum angular distance of the open magnetic field lines from the coronal hole boundary are estimated within the WSA module. The simulated solar wind speed is compared with the value for the corona extrapolated from the data observed near 1 AU, through the calculations of the mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (CC). Here we extrapolate the solar wind velocity at 1 AU back to the source surface via the Parker spiral. By comparing the evaluation metrics of the three source surface heights, we concluded that the solar source surface should be properly decreased with respect to Rss = 2.5Rs during the low solar activity phase of solar cycle 23.","PeriodicalId":46793,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45575199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Seven sisters: a mission to study fundamental plasma physical processes in the solar wind and a pathfinder to advance space weather prediction","authors":"","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1273894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1273894","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46793,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43546660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the ability of magnetohydrodynamic models to reproduce observed Birkeland current and auroral electrojet magnitudes","authors":"Tre’Shunda James, R. Lopez, A. Glocer","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1212735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1212735","url":null,"abstract":"Although global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models have increased in sophistication and are now at the forefront of modeling Space Weather, there is still no clear understanding of how well these models replicate the observed ionospheric current systems. Without a full understanding and treatment of the ionospheric current systems, global models will have significant shortcomings that will limit their use. In this study we focus on reproducing observed seasonal interhemispheric asymmetry in ionospheric currents using the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF). We find that SWMF does reproduce the linear relationship between the electrojets and the FACs, despite the underestimation of the currents’ magnitudes. Quantitatively, we find that at best SWMF is only capturing approximately 60% of the observed current. We also investigate how varying F10.7 effects the ionospheric potential and currents during the summer and winter. We find that simulations ran with higher F10.7 result in lower ionospheric potentials. Additionally, we find that the models do not always replicate the expected behavior of the currents with varying F10.7. This work points to a needed improvement in ionospheric conductance models.","PeriodicalId":46793,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49420652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the laboratory to the interstellar medium: a strategy to search for exotic molecules in space","authors":"C. Puzzarini, S. Alessandrini, L. Bizzocchi, M. Melosso, V. Rivilla","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1211784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1211784","url":null,"abstract":"The chemistry of the interstellar medium occurs under extreme conditions and can lead to the formation of exotic molecules. These are species that on Earth are unstable and/or highly reactive. Their discovery in space is usually based on the astronomical observation of their rotational fingerprints, which requires an accurate laboratory investigation. This is based on a strategy that starts from the interplay of experiment and theory. State-of-the-art quantum-chemical calculations are used to predict the relevant spectroscopic information required to guide the spectral recording, analysis and assignment. Rotational spectra measurements are then performed in the centimeter-/millimeter-/submillimeter-wave region, thereby exploiting efficient on-the-fly production protocols for exotic molecules. Subsequently, the spectral analysis leads to accurate spectroscopic parameters, which are then used for setting up accurate line catalogs for astronomical searches and detections. This review is based on the strategy developed and the results obtained at the ROT&Comp Lab of the University of Bologna.","PeriodicalId":46793,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44834362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stoichiometric model of a fully closed bioregenerative life support system for autonomous long-duration space missions","authors":"A. Vermeulen, Alvaro Papic, Igor Nikolic, Frances M. T. Brazier","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1198689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1198689","url":null,"abstract":"Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) are vital for long-duration and remote space missions to increase mission sustainability. These systems break down human waste materials into nutrients and CO2 for plants and other edible organisms, which in turn provide food, fresh water, and oxygen for astronauts. The central idea is to create a materially closed loop, which can significantly reduce mission mass and volume by cutting down or even eliminating disposable waste. In most BLSS studies only a fraction of the resources, such as food, are provided by the system itself, with the rest taken on board at departure or provided through resupply missions. However, for autonomous long-duration space missions without any possibility of resupply, a BLSS that generates all resources with minimal or no material loss, is essential. The goal of this study is to develop a stoichiometric model of a conceptually fully closed BLSS that provides all the metabolic needs of the crew and organisms. The MELiSSA concept of the European Space Agency is used as reference system, consisting of five interconnected compartments, each inhabited by different types of organisms. A detailed review of publicly available MELiSSA literature from 1989 to 2022 revealed that no existing stoichiometric model met the study’s requirements. Therefore, a new stoichiometric model was developed to describe the cycling of the elements C, H, O, and N through all five MELiSSA compartments and one auxiliary compartment. A compact set of chemical equations with fixed coefficients was established for this purpose. A spreadsheet model simulates the flow of all relevant compounds for a crew of six. By balancing the dimensions of the different compartments, a high degree of closure is attained at steady state, with 12 out of 14 compounds exhibiting zero loss, and oxygen and CO2 displaying only minor losses between iterations. This is the first stoichiometric model of a MELiSSA-inspired BLSS that describes a continuous provision of 100% of the food and oxygen needs of the crew. The stoichiometry serves as the foundation of an agent-based model of the MELiSSA loop, as part of the Evolving Asteroid Starships (E|A|S) research project.","PeriodicalId":46793,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49257053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interhemispheric asymmetries of neutral upwelling and ion upflow","authors":"M. Lessard, Alec Damsell, F. B. Sadler, K. Oksavik, L. Clausen","doi":"10.3389/fspas.2023.1151016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1151016","url":null,"abstract":"This work addresses interhemispheric differences in cusp-related neutral density enhancements. The focus is on enhancements that are driven by Poleward Moving Auroral Forms (PMAF), which provide a repetitive sequence of soft electron precipitation to the ionosphere. Because the time-scales of the resultant electron heating, ion upflow and neutral upwelling range from a few seconds to tens of minutes, i.e., longer than the time required for the thermosphere to return to its relaxed state, each subsequent PMAF encounters different initial conditions. With this in mind, our study investigates the role of a dark versus daylight ionosphere, using 3 different scenarios. The first case compares this effect during solar minimum at Longyearbyen, Svalbard, an ideal location for observing cusp dynamics. The second case addresses solar maximum at Longyearbyen and the third case compares Longyearbyen to its magnetically conjugate Zhongshan Station in Antarctica. We conclude 1) for each of the 3 scenarios ion upflow speeds, neutral upwelling speeds and neutral density enhancements are all significantly greater in a dark ionosphere, by perhaps as much as a factor or 2 or 3, relative to a sunlit ionosphere, 2) that upflowing ions are the driver of neutral upwelling via ion-neutral collisions (momentum transfer), with fast-moving ions transferring upward momentum to slow-moving neutrals, and 3) the ratios of neutral upflow speeds to ion upflow speeds, vnSunlit/viSunlit is the order of 0.07 for all stations (at 800 km) in the first and second cases studied, but only 0.02 at Zhongshan in the 3rd case studied, a factor of ∼3 less than the other locations. This is thought to be due to an increased thermospheric density at Zhongshan, which essentially provides a greater total mass for the upflowing ions to lift.","PeriodicalId":46793,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44652851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}