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Critique of Anthropology最新文献

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How to think about people who don’t want to be studied: Further reflections on studying up 如何看待不想被学习的人:对学习的进一步思考
IF 1.2 3区 社会学
Critique of Anthropology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211038045
D. Souleles
{"title":"How to think about people who don’t want to be studied: Further reflections on studying up","authors":"D. Souleles","doi":"10.1177/0308275X211038045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X211038045","url":null,"abstract":"It is now routine for anthropologists to study those who exercise power and control wealth and status in any number of societies. Implicit in anthropology’s long-standing commitment to apprehending societies in their totality, and explicit in the call to study up, paying attention to power is just one of the routine things that anthropologists do in the course of their fieldwork. That said, many theoretical and ethical norms in the discipline are calibrated to allow researchers to both know about and protect those with relatively little power who made up much of anthropology’s original topical area of interests. By contrast, studying people who exercise power entails special ethical and theoretical consideration. This article enumerates some of those considerations, and suggests that anthropologists need to have coherent theories of social action in addition to theories of social meaning. The article also suggests that some canonical disciplinary ethical norms are inappropriate for the study of the powerful for empirical and practical reasons.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":"206 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45870567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Missing power: Nostalgia and disillusionment among Southern California water engineers 失去力量：南加州水利工程师的怀旧和幻灭
IF 1.2 3区 社会学
Critique of Anthropology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211036187
Sayd Randle
{"title":"Missing power: Nostalgia and disillusionment among Southern California water engineers","authors":"Sayd Randle","doi":"10.1177/0308275X211036187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X211036187","url":null,"abstract":"California’s sprawling network of aqueducts and dams is often cited as the embodiment of a high-modernist approach to resource management. But while once widely celebrated, in recent decades this infrastructural system and the institutions that manage it have been the subject of growing criticism and shrinking funding streams. Based on ethnographic research among employees at several California water agencies, this article explores the sense of nostalgia and diminished power experienced by the workers tasked with overseeing these networks. These emic perspectives are frequently articulated in the form of unfavorable comparisons to an imagined past, when the workers believe that their agencies were better resourced and civil engineers’ technical expertise was more respected by the public that they served. Analyzing these stories of declining influence and capacity, the article shows how understandings of individual and institutional power can be conditioned by past paradigms of regional development and technocratic statecraft.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":"267 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41578129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynastic aura: Proximity to the powerful and its promise in corporate South Korea 活力光环：接近权贵及其在韩国企业界的前景
IF 1.2 3区 社会学
Critique of Anthropology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211038606
Michael M. Prentice
{"title":"Dynastic aura: Proximity to the powerful and its promise in corporate South Korea","authors":"Michael M. Prentice","doi":"10.1177/0308275X211038606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X211038606","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the experiences of high-level managers at a South Korean conglomerate named ‘Sangdo’ who worked within the corporate group’s head office under the owner-executive family. These highly credentialled professionals were attracted to the idea of working directly under or alongside an elite, wealthy corporate dynasty who both owned the conglomerate and were its top executives. Rather than seeing this as a site of inherent conflict between the familial and the professional, I describe how the idea of working alongside and for such elites was enhanced by a ‘dynastic aura’. Through the concept of dynastic aura, I highlight how, in South Korea, families that own business groups are objects of public fascination, particularly as indicators of the future of the economy. In the context of Sangdo, I describe how managers were drawn to the potential of working with a new generation of Sangdo ownership, who sought to centralize and systematize expertise within a holding company. I show how this aura figuratively wore off for managers as they came to understand that ownership was just as entangled in the corporate form – not necessarily above or outside of it – as they were. The article highlights how certain aspects of kinship (such as dynasties and generational succession) still animate capitalist labour, even for non-family members. Additionally, the article calls attention to the way that actors engage with and understand powerful actors in their own right, going beyond accounts of anthropologists’ own direct encounters with the powerful.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":"247 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49401464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rich man, poor man, middleman, thing: Distributing power 富人，穷人，中间人，东西:分配权力
IF 1.2 3区 社会学
Critique of Anthropology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211040154
E. Hertz
{"title":"Rich man, poor man, middleman, thing: Distributing power","authors":"E. Hertz","doi":"10.1177/0308275X211040154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X211040154","url":null,"abstract":"The author reviews the fine ethnographic analyses in this special issue and argues that they become more coherent if power is understood as a sociotechnological network. This further implies that anthropologists' conclusions about how power is exercised must be modest, both historically situated and politically targeted, if the discipline wishes to contribute meaningfully to holding the powerful to account.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":"320 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45875254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Power and precariousness in the expert hierarchies of the US hydrocarbon industry 美国碳氢化合物行业专家阶层的权力和不稳定
IF 1.2 3区 社会学
Critique of Anthropology Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211038608
S. Field
{"title":"Power and precariousness in the expert hierarchies of the US hydrocarbon industry","authors":"S. Field","doi":"10.1177/0308275X211038608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X211038608","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on ethnographic research in Houston, Texas, I explore how oil and gas experts negotiate social power and precariousness within the US hydrocarbon sector. In an industry long associated with corporate power, the careers of experts are precariously balanced on rising and falling hydrocarbon prices. This makes the social power these experts wield as fluid as the commodities they are premised on. I show that informal social networks solidified by industry associations can buffer this precariousness by opening new employment opportunities and allowing them to maintain their connection to elite industry circles through periods of unemployment and uncertainty. For many working in the industry, precariousness defines the US hydrocarbon sector as much as the wealth that it is known to generate. Precariousness, I argue, is not just experienced by specific groups of people but rather is a general characteristic of capitalism that touches all but a select few.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":"303 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44400886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Who alone can ‘see’? Christian humanitarianism, aspect-perception and political critique 只有谁才能“看见”？基督教人道主义、侧面知觉与政治批判
IF 1.2 3区 社会学
Critique of Anthropology Pub Date : 2021-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211021658
James Wintrup
{"title":"Who alone can ‘see’? Christian humanitarianism, aspect-perception and political critique","authors":"James Wintrup","doi":"10.1177/0308275X211021658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X211021658","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a critique of Christian humanitarianism in Zambia. But it does so by engaging with the arguments of anthropologists who have begun to question the status of political critique within the discipline. These anthropologists argue that critique often undermines ethnographic understanding because it problematically positions the anthropologist as an actor who is able to ‘uncover’ political realities that remain invisible to others. In this article, I take these concerns seriously and attempt to reconsider the practice of critique by drawing on an ethnographic description of the work of Christian medical missionaries in Zambia. Focusing on how these missionaries encouraged one another to ‘see’ their Zambian patients as ‘Christ-like’ and ‘faithful’ in moments of suffering, I argue that these practices of ‘seeing’ and ‘showing’ resemble certain forms of political critique. Rather than an exercise in ‘uncovering’ hidden realities, critique can also be understood as an act of ‘aspect-showing’ – the aim of which is to encourage others to ‘see’ the same things in a different light. The critique of Christian humanitarianism I offer here is therefore itself an act of aspect-showing that partially resembles that which missionaries themselves engaged in.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"78 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0308275X211021658","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48547857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Postcolonial social drama: The case of Brazilian dentists in Portugal 后殖民社会戏剧:巴西牙医在葡萄牙的案例
IF 1.2 3区 社会学
Critique of Anthropology Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211004713
Angela Torresan
{"title":"Postcolonial social drama: The case of Brazilian dentists in Portugal","authors":"Angela Torresan","doi":"10.1177/0308275X211004713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X211004713","url":null,"abstract":"By the late 1990s, when I was conducting ethnographic fieldwork research in Lisbon, the ‘dentists’ case’ had become a familiar trope for the presence of Brazilian immigrants in Portugal. Although it involved a small group of Brazilian and Portuguese professionals, it gained visibility in the media of both countries, escalating into a political and diplomatic quarrel, and culminating in the amendment of the 1966 Cultural Accord. I use Victor Turner’s concept of social drama to address the case as a chapter in the cyclical pattern of connection and disconnection of postcolonial Luso-Brazilian relationships. Drawing from a recent discussion on the concept of cosmopolitanism in migration studies, I employ the idea of postcolonial sociabilities to help explore the seemingly inherent ambiguities in the relationship between Brazilians and Portuguese.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":"165 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0308275X211004713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47852732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
From coercion to cooperation: Urban governance and evolving modes of control in a Beijing village 从强制到合作:北京乡村的城市治理与控制模式演变
IF 1.2 3区 社会学
Critique of Anthropology Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211004719
Jaesok Kim
{"title":"From coercion to cooperation: Urban governance and evolving modes of control in a Beijing village","authors":"Jaesok Kim","doi":"10.1177/0308275X211004719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X211004719","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes evolving urban governance in contemporary China, highlighting contradictory outcomes originating from the coexistence of the technologies of pervasive control, socialist legacies of urban entitlements, and neoliberal strategies of self-government. Based on fieldwork among low-income migrant workers in a village located on Beijing's outskirts, I investigate how the grassroots administrative practices justified the continuing privileges of local residents and discrimination against newcomers, while the evolving governance projects a better future for every individual who is willing to exert themselves. The 2014 implementation of a Social Credit System was critical for this political agenda. It offered rewards and imposed punishments corresponding to the level of reliability indicated by credit scores, thereby urging migrants to “responsibly” manage their lives. The combination of high-tech surveillance and social credit demonstrates that the notion of “market socialism”, combined with neoliberal practices, has created a new system of social control in 21st-century China.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":"128 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0308275X211004719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43057625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elusive adulthood and surplus life-time in Spain 西班牙难以捉摸的成年期和过剩的寿命
IF 1.2 3区 社会学
Critique of Anthropology Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211004717
Hadas Weiss
{"title":"Elusive adulthood and surplus life-time in Spain","authors":"Hadas Weiss","doi":"10.1177/0308275X211004717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X211004717","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on fieldwork in Madrid, I argue that the growing redundancy of living labour power in the capitalist production process has translated, since the last decades of the 20th century, into surplus portions of the individual life-cycle. Capitalism’s promise of productivity, associated with adulthood, has shrunk to become a window of opportunity. Besides sheer luck, it takes protracted preparation to seize this opportunity and inordinate effort to retain it. Adulthood is the mystified representation of structural pressures on productive activity, as an elusive personal accomplishment whose curtailment is one’s own fault. Failure to realize it is further depoliticized as either a rejection of adulthood, or acceptance of besieged adulthood as a sign of maturity.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":"149 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0308275X211004717","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47907981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Staging joyful spectacles: Exploring the temporalities of positive affect in child-focused NGO programmes 上演欢乐的景象:探索以儿童为中心的非政府组织项目中积极影响的短暂性
IF 1.2 3区 社会学
Critique of Anthropology Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211004723
Annie McCarthy
{"title":"Staging joyful spectacles: Exploring the temporalities of positive affect in child-focused NGO programmes","authors":"Annie McCarthy","doi":"10.1177/0308275X211004723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X211004723","url":null,"abstract":"The child has long been a powerfully affective figure in development work – whether as an abject victim or a joyful symbol of brighter futures. While the power of children to produce emotions in donors has been well studied, far less attention has been given to children’s own affective relationships with development organisations. This article explores the role of affect in children’s participation in non-governmental organisation (NGO) programmes in Delhi, India. In particular, by focusing on spectacles of performance, this article highlights the importance of positive affects: happiness, fun, and joy in child-focused NGO programmes. Yet, rather than a cynical critique of the way children’s joy is captured (typically in images) and translated into narratives of successful development, this article seeks to explore the possibilities for sincere ethnographic engagement with happiness itself. Drawing on the work of Sara Ahmed, and exploring the temporal dimensions of positive affects, I seek to engage seriously with children’s joyful experiences in development programmes, while simultaneously questioning any simplistic equation of child happiness with developmental success.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":"111 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0308275X211004723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43551473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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