Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Poster (Clinical/Best Practice Implementation) ID 1985182","authors":"Andrea Chase, Sharol E. Cordner, Jennifer M. Duley, Marty Doupe, Charlie Giurleo, Julianne W. Y. Hong, A. Kras-Dupuis, A. Ventre, Julie Watson, D. Wolfe, Nancy Xia","doi":"10.46292/sci23-1985182s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46292/sci23-1985182s","url":null,"abstract":"Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at increased risk of developing pressure injuries throughout their lifetime. This significant yet preventable secondary complication can have a negative impact on one’s health and well-being. A key aspect of prevention is performing regular daily skin checks; however, a gap in knowledge is apparent among clinicians and patients on how exactly to perform them. To develop a universal and widely available skin check video resource that supports clinicians and patients. Clinicians across the SCI-IEQCC Network from Parkwood Institute, Hamilton Regional Reha-bilitation Centre, Ottawa Hospital Rehabilitation Center, Lyndhurst, Providence Care, and in partnership with SCIO, Cortree and persons with lived experiences, all contributed in an iterative manner to the development of a skin check video resource. Feedback from all relevant stakeholders was gathered after each round of edits to ensure the content would meet the educational needs of persons with lived experience and rehabilitation staff. This collaboration allowed for the development of an open-source skin check video resource for both clinicians and persons with lived experience. This video is in process of being integrated within patient skin check education of the various rehabilitation sites across Ontario. The video identifies key factors to consider when completing skin checks and demonstrates the technique on how to complete skin checks independently and with assistance. While a successful skin check video resource was created, next steps will look to its sustainable implementation and dissemination at a local and provincial level.","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connecting Researchers and Clinicians Before Connecting the Injured Spinal Cord","authors":"Laura Krisa, Erica Witoslawski, Linda Jones, MJ Mulcahey, Karim Fouad","doi":"10.46292/sci22-00044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46292/sci22-00044","url":null,"abstract":"Background Translating research findings from animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI) to humans is a challenging enterprise. It is likely that differences in the use of common terms contribute to this. Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify how scientists and clinicians define terms used across the research and clinical care continuum. Methods We utilized the Delphi technique to develop consensus on the opinions of experts (defined as researchers and/or clinicians working in the field of SCI) through a series of structured, iterative surveys. A focus group of stakeholders developed the terms on the initial survey. Results were used to create definitions and formulate questions for a second and third survey. Results Survey 1 yielded one definition for eight terms and multiple definitions for six terms in addition to three new terms that respondents believed should be defined. In Survey 2, definitions for eight terms reached at least 80% agreement: anatomically complete spinal cord injury, functionally complete spinal cord injury, neuromodulation, physical exercise, physical rehabilitation, plasticity, task specificity, and training intensity. Consensus was not reached for six terms. In Survey 3, definitions for seven additional terms reached at least 80% agreement: recovery, repair, compensation, regeneration, physical function, physiological function, and chronic. There were three terms that did not reach agreement after the three rounds: acute, translational research, and sprouting. Conclusion We found that different terminology contributes to the gap between preclinical and clinical research and clinical application. This suggests that increased communication among different disciplines could be a way to advance the field.","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized Trial of Two Exercise Programs to Increase Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life for Persons With Spinal Cord Injury","authors":"J. Butzer, A. Kozlowski, Rachel Hern, Cally Gooch","doi":"10.46292/sci21-00042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46292/sci21-00042","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of two different interventions that promote physical activity in individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and determine the effect of relapse prevention. Methods: A sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial was conducted at a universally designed community-based exercise facility. Participants were individuals with traumatic SCI, >3 months post injury, levels C5 to T12, age ≥18 years (N = 79). After randomization, Bridge Program participants completed an 8-week personalized, less intense, exercise program informed by American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines and supported with hands-on peer mentoring, exercise of choice, and caregiver training. Structured Exercise participants completed an 8-week program in a group format based on ACSM guidelines. After intervention, participants were randomized to receive or not receive relapse prevention for 6 months. The time and intensity of physical activity and psychological change in depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and function were assessed with self-reported measures. Results: Compared to baseline, physical activity increased post intervention for both the Bridge and Structured Exercise programs. Compared to baseline, participants in the Bridge Program recorded fewer anxiety symptoms. No significant changes were noted for either program in depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, or function. There was no difference in relapse prevention between the two groups at 6 months. Conclusions: The Bridge Program, a novel personalized exercise program with peer support, exercise of choice, and caregiver training, and a structured exercise program both improved self-reported physical activity, but the Bridge Program also reduced anxiety symptoms. This study provides important insight into the limitations of commonly used measures of physical activity and psychosocial domains in people with SCI.","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45183828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiorespiratory Responses to an Acute Bout of High Intensity Interval Training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on a Recumbent Handcycle in People With Spinal Cord Injury: A Within-Subject Design.","authors":"Joseph Peters, Kellie Halloran, Michael Focht, Kathryn Huang, Mariana Kersh, Ian Rice","doi":"10.46292/sci23-00026","DOIUrl":"10.46292/sci23-00026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare acute cardiorespiratory responses during high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on a recumbent handcycle in persons with spinal cord injury (PwSCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven males and nine females with chronic SCI (T3 - L5), aged 23 (9) years, participated in this within-subject design. Based off peak power outputs from an incremental test to exhaustion, participants engaged in a HIIT and MICT session at matched workloads on a recumbent handcycle. Workloads (Joules), time, oxygen uptake (VO₂), metabolic equivalent of task (MET), heart rate (HR), and energy expenditure (kcal) were recorded during HIIT and MICT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total workload was similar across HIIT (87820 ± 24021 Joules) and MICT sessions (89044 ± 23696 Joules; <i>p</i> > .05). HIIT (20.00 [.03] minutes) was shorter in duration than MICT (23.20 [2.56]; <i>p</i> < .01). Average VO₂ (20.96 ± 4.84 vs. 129.38 ± 19.13 mL/kg/min O₂), MET (7.54 ± 2.00 vs. 6.21 ± 1.25), and HR (146.26 ± 13.80 vs. 129.38 ± 19.13 beats per minute) responses were significantly greater during HIIT than MICT (<i>p</i> < .01). Participants burned significantly more kilocalories during HIIT (128.08 ± 35.65) than MICT (118.93 ± 29.58; <i>p</i> < .01) and at a faster rate (6.40 ± 1.78 [HIIT] vs. 5.09 ± 1.14 [MICT] kcal/min; <i>p</i> < .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIIT elicits greater increases in oxygen uptake and HR than MICT in PwSCI. In significantly less time, HIIT also burned more calories than MICT.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"29 4","pages":"16-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10704215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138812422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Translating Regenerative Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Andrew N Stewart, John C Gensel, Linda Jones, Karim Fouad","doi":"10.46292/sci23-00044S","DOIUrl":"10.46292/sci23-00044S","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regenerating the injured spinal cord is a substantial challenge with many obstacles that need to be overcome to achieve robust functional benefits. This abundance of hurdles can partly explain the limited success when applying regenerative intervention treatments in animal models and/or people. In this article, we elaborate on a few of these obstacles, starting with the applicability of animal models and how they compare to the clinical setting. We then discuss the requirement for combinatorial interventions and the associated problems in experimental design, including the addition of rehabilitative training. The article expands on differences in lesion sizes and locations between humans and common animal models, and how this difference can determine the success or failure of an intervention. An additional and frequently overlooked problem in the translation of interventions that applies beyond the field of neuroregeneration is the reporting bias and the lack of transparency in reporting findings. New data mandates are tackling this problem and will eventually result in a more balanced view of the field. Finally, we will discuss strategies to negotiate the challenging course of successful translation to facilitate successful translation of regeneration promoting interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"29 Suppl","pages":"23-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10759906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and Ethnical Discrepancies and Similarities in the Epidemiology, Survival, and Neurological Outcomes After Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Data from the NASCIS-1 Trial.","authors":"Julio C Furlan","doi":"10.46292/sci23-00055S","DOIUrl":"10.46292/sci23-00055S","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about the impact of race/ethnicity on the clinical and neurological outcomes after acute traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined the influence of race/ethnicity on the individuals' survival and neurological recovery within the first year after tSCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 306 cases enrolled in the First National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (NASCIS-1) were grouped as African American individuals (<i>n</i> = 84), non-Hispanic White individuals (<i>n</i> = 159), and other races/ethnicities that included Hispanic individuals (<i>n</i> = 60) and Asian individuals (<i>n</i> = 3). Outcome measures included survival and neurological recovery within the first year after tSCI. Data analyses were adjusted for major potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 39 females and 267 males with mean age of 31 years who mostly sustained cervical severe tSCI after motor vehicle accidents or falls. The three groups were comparable regarding sex distribution, level and severity of tSCI, level of consciousness at admission, and total received dose of methylprednisolone. African American individuals were significantly older than non-Hispanic White individuals (<i>p</i> = .0238). African American individuals and individuals of other races/ethnicities more often had a tSCI with open wound caused by missile and water-related accidents than non-Hispanic White individuals (<i>p</i> < .0001). Survival rates within the first year after tSCI were comparable among the three groups (<i>p</i> = .3191). Among the survivors, there were no significant differences among the three groups regarding motor and pinprick and light-touch sensory recovery (<i>p</i> > .0500).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study suggest that, while there were few differences among the racial/ethnical groups regarding the epidemiology of tSCI, race/ethnicity did not influence survival rate or neurological recovery within the first year post-tSCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"29 Suppl","pages":"88-102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10759859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is the Pathway to the Best Model of Care for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury? Evidence-Based Guidance.","authors":"Matheus Joner Wiest, Judith Gargaro, Mark T Bayley","doi":"10.46292/sci23-00059S","DOIUrl":"10.46292/sci23-00059S","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People with traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) experience lifelong physical and emotional health impacts, needing specialized care that is complex to navigate. The non-standardized care pathways used by different jurisdictions to address these needs lead to care inequities and poor health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To develop an evidence-based integrated tSCI Care Pathway, from time of injury to life in the community.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>Eighty key partners engaged in planning, providing, and receiving tSCI care (1) identified existing guidelines, pathways, and care models; (2) created the tSCI Care Pathway with key elements or building blocks (\"the what\"), not specific recommendations (\"the how\") for each care stage (Acute, Rehabilitation, and Community), with elements highlighting the role of primary care and equity considerations on the pathway; (3) identified regional gaps in the tSCI Pathway and prioritized them for implementation; and (4) developed quality indicators.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>The tSCI Pathway was drafted in overarching and detailed formats. For Acute Care, building blocks focused on appropriate assessment, initial management, and transition planning; for Rehabilitation, building blocks focused on access to specialized rehabilitation and assessment and planning of community needs; for Community, building blocks focused on follow-up, mechanisms for re-access, and holistic support for persons and families; and for equity considerations, building blocks focused on those at-risk or requiring complex supports. Team-based primary care and navigation supports were seen as crucial to reduce inequities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first comprehensive care pathway for tSCI. The Pathway is grounded in person-centred care, integrated care and services, and up-to-date clinical practice guidelines. The tSCI Care Pathway is flexible to regional realities and individual needs to ensure equitable care for all.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"29 Suppl","pages":"103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10759857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpersonal Violence Against Women With Spinal Cord Injury: Adding Insult to Injury.","authors":"Susan Robinson-Whelen, Rosemary B Hughes, Kimberley Aguillard, Diana Gonzalez, Heather B Taylor","doi":"10.46292/sci21-00083","DOIUrl":"10.46292/sci21-00083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mounting empirical evidence suggests that, compared to women without disabilities, women with disabilities are more likely to experience interpersonal violence (IPV). However, there is extremely limited research attention on IPV against women with spinal cord injury (SCI), a particularly understudied and underserved population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To conduct the first known examination of lifetime IPV experience in women with SCI, to explore demographic and disability-related correlates of IPV, and to examine the health impacts of IPV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample included 175 women with traumatic SCI from across the United States who enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of an online psychological health promotion intervention. The data, which included a brief measure of lifetime abuse, were collected as part of the baseline survey administered prior to randomization to the intervention or control conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority (55%) of the women described experiencing some abuse in their lifetime, with 43% reporting physical abuse, 32% reporting sexual abuse, and 23% reporting disability-related abuse. Sixteen percent of the women indicated that they had experienced all three (physical, sexual, disability) types of abuse. Few demographic and disability characteristics were related to overall lifetime IPV experience; however, disability characteristics were associated with disability-related IPV victimization. In addition, those with a history of IPV had poorer self-reported health and greater depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that IPV is common among women with SCI. More research is needed to understand the prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of IPV against women with SCI to help inform policy and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"29 1","pages":"70-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9936903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10836370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salsalate Improves Postprandial Glycemic and Some Lipid Responses in Persons With Tetraplegia: A Randomized Clinical Pilot Trial With Crossover Design.","authors":"Jochen Kressler, Armando Mendez, Luisa Betancourt, Mark Nash","doi":"10.46292/sci22-00033","DOIUrl":"10.46292/sci22-00033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the effects of salsalate on fasting and postprandial (PP) glycemic, lipidemic, and inflammatory responses in persons with tetraplegia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design. It was conducted at a university laboratory. Ten males aged 25 to 50 years with SCI at C5-8 levels for ≥1 year underwent 1 month of placebo and salsalate (4 g/day) treatment. Blood samples were drawn before and 4 hours after breakfast and lunch fast-food meal consumption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Descriptive statistics indicate that fasting and PP glucose values were reduced with salsalate (pre-post mean difference, 4 ± 5 mg/dL and 8 ± 8 mg/dL, respectively) but largely unchanged with placebo (0 ± 6 mg/dL and -0 ± 7 mg/dL, respectively). Insulin responses were generally reciprocal to glucose, however less pronounced. Fasting free fatty acids were significantly reduced with salsalate (191 ± 216 mg/dL, <i>p</i> = .021) but not placebo (-46 ± 116 mg/dL, <i>p</i> = .878). Results for triglycerides were similar (25 ± 34 mg/dL, <i>p</i> =.045, and 7 ± 29 mg/dL, <i>p</i> = .464). Fasting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were higher after salsalate (-10 ± 12 mg/dL, <i>p</i> = .025) but not placebo (2 ± 9 mg/dL, <i>p</i> = .403) treatment. Inflammatory markers were largely unchanged.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this pilot trial, descriptive values indicate that salsalate decreased fasting and PP glucose response to fast-food meal challenge at regular intervals in persons with tetraplegia. Positive effects were also seen for some lipid but not for inflammatory response markers. Given the relatively \"healthy\" metabolic profiles of the participants, it is possible that salsalate's effects may be greater and more consistent in people with less favorable metabolic milieus.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10644859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41787930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of a Single-Time Sit-To-Stand Test in Ambulatory Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury by Primary Health Care Providers.","authors":"Sugalya Amatachaya, Lalita Khuna, Pipatana Amatachaya, Arpassanan Wiyanad","doi":"10.46292/sci22-00021","DOIUrl":"10.46292/sci22-00021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The uncertain health care situations, such as that created by the COVID-19 pandemic, has limited hospital access and facilitated a paradigm shift in health care toward an increased demand for standard home visits and community-based rehabilitation services, including by ambulatory individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This 6-month prospective study explored the validity and reliability of a single-time sit-to-stand (STSTS) test when used by primary health care (PHC) providers, including a village health volunteer, caregiver, individual with SCI, and health professional.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-two participants were assessed for the STSTS using four arm placement conditions (arms on a walking device, arms on knees, arms free by the sides, and arms crossed over the chest) and standard measures, with prospective fall data follow-up over 6 months. Thirty participants involved in the reliability study were also assessed and reassessed for the ability to complete the STSTS conditions by PHC providers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Outcomes of the STSTS test, except the condition with arms on a walking device, could significantly discriminate lower extremity muscle strength (LEMS) and mobility of the participants (r_pb = -0.58 to 0.69) with moderate concurrent validity. Outcomes of the tests without using the arms also showed moderate to almost-perfect reliability (kappa = 0.754-1.000) when assessed by PHC raters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest the use of an STSTS with arms free by the sides as a standard practical measure by PHC providers to reflect LEMS and mobility of ambulatory individuals with SCI in various clinical, community, and home-based settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"29 2","pages":"84-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9532910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}