Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography最新文献

{"title":"History of cartography of the Nordic countries II","authors":"Michael Jones","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2021.1874510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2021.1874510","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift–Norwegian Journal of Geography is the second special issue of the journal on the history of cartography of the Nordic countries. The first was published in Volume 74(4), September 2020. Further articles will be published in a later issue of the journal. These special issues take up a topic that characterized the journal from the 1930s to the 1960s, during which period several articles on the history of cartography in Norway were published. Prominent among these was Kristian Nissen’s series of five articles titled ‘Bidrag til Norges karthistorie’ (‘Contributions to Norway’s map history’) (K. Nissen 1938; 1939; 1943; 1957; 1963a). The current special issues of the journal can be regarded as a reawakening of Kristian Nissen’s legacy. Kristian Nissen (1879–1968), a polymath, was reindeer inspector, historian, ethnographer, geographer, and became Norway’s leading historian of cartography. He was the son of Major General Per Schjelderup Nissen (1844–1930), who worked at the Geographical Survey of Norway and served as director 1900–1906. Kristian accompanied his father during the 1896–1897 inspection and marking of Norway’s boundary with Russia and Finland, which might have inspired his interests in mapping and Saami reindeer-herders (Jones & Olsen 2017). In an assessment of Per Schjelderup Nissen’s work as a cartographer and geographer, Erling Bjørstad (1945a) considered Per Nissen’s most important contribution was his pioneering economic-geographical atlas of Norway (P. Nissen 1921). Both Per Nissen and Kristian Nissen were active in the Norwegian Geographical Society (Det Norske Geografiske Selskab). Per Nissen was the society’s chairman in the momentous years 1905–1906, during which period the union between Norway and Sweden was dissolved in 1905, and again in the years 1914–1921, during World War I and its aftermath. Kristian Nissen served on the society’s board. In 1954 he was awarded honorary membership in recognition of his contributions to the history of Norwegian cartography, communicated through lectures and articles. From 1951, he lived at and was custodian of Polhøgda, the former home of Fridtjof Nansen (1861–1930), which had been taken over by the Norwegian Geographical Society in 1947; there, Nissen was engaged to continue Nansen’s cartographical-historical studies of northern and Arctic regions (Nystad 2012, 170, 173). Among Kristian Nissen’s early cartographical contributions was a pioneering map of reindeer herding, published in 1916 in the society’s yearbook, the predecessor of Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift (K. Nissen 1916). A few years later, his ethnographic map of Northern Norway, based on the results of the 1910 population census, was published (K. Nissen 1920). In his ‘Contributions to Norway’s map history’, Nissen presented the cartographical work of individual mapmakers: navigator Andreas Heitman and the Norlandia map of 1744–1745 (K. Nissen 1938); the brothers Johan Georg and Franz Phili","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73420677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cartography in Danish place-name studies","authors":"J. Jakobsen","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2020.1851755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2020.1851755","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The author discusses the role of cartography in Danish place-name studies, particularly since the editorial work on the series titled Danmarks Stednavne (‘Place Names of Denmark’) began in the 1920s. Additionally, he examines how cartography has been used politically to implement linguistic changes in place names in the border regions of Schleswig/Sønderjylland and Scania (Skåne), by comparing name forms used on maps before, during and after shifts in state boundaries. The main finding is that for a considerable number of ‘minor’ place names, the oldest extant references can often be found in cartographical sources from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. As a consequence, the catalogues of Danmarks Stednavne contain more cartographical references for minor and more recent place names than for older settlement names, which are often sufficiently accounted for in medieval textual sources. The author concludes that when studying maps, it is vital to consider always why and by whom the maps have been made. This also holds true for toponymy, where the background of the map can often be seen to have affected the type and number of place names included on it, and sometimes even their spellings.","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88307059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ‘company maps’: Norwegian military maps of the late 18th and early 19th centuries","authors":"Anders Kvernberg","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2020.1865445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2020.1865445","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Norway’s ‘company maps’, produced locally by hundreds of army officers and used as the Supreme Command’s gazetteer of communications in Southern Norway, are a valuable source of historical-geographical information, including the development of mapping in Norway. Today, scattered remains of this collection of maps are held at various archives and libraries. The article answers the question of why the maps were made and by whom. It discusses the historical background, possible origins and defined goals of the mapping project undertaken in the 18th and 19th centuries, as well as the later provenance and influence of the maps. The author concludes that the maps can be divided into two distinct series, based on differing goals and technological conditions, and further that many currently missing maps are likely to emerge from various collections in the future.","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81063831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Med kart skal landet bygges: Oppmåling og kartlegging av Norge 1773–2016","authors":"Michael Jones","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2021.1874511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2021.1874511","url":null,"abstract":"This monumental work provides an institutional history of the Norwegian Mapping Authority (Statens kartverk) from its foundation as the Borders Survey of Norway (Norges Grændsers Opmaaling) in 1773 until 2016. The Borders Survey of Norway was the first permanent militarytopographical surveying institution to be established in the Nordic countries. It was founded 18 years before the better-known Ordnance Survey in Britain in 1791. The book presents the changing role of mapping in society and of the institution from its military origins until the present, when it produces maps and geodata for a broad range of military and civilian purposes, ranging from planning and economic development to seagoing and fishing, as well as people’s daily activities. The book’s title can be translated as ‘With maps the land shall be built: Surveying and mapping in Norway 1773–2016’. The first part of the title is a paraphrase of the prescription in medieval Scandinavian law codes: ‘By law the land shall be built’. The principal author, Bjørn Geirr Harsson, is a geodesist who worked for 48 years (from 1968 to 2005) at the Norwegian Mapping Authority (called until 1986 the Geographical Survey of Norway (Norges Geografiske Oppmåling)). He undertook important work on the determination of Norway’s sea boundaries. He was Norway’s contact person when the Struve geodetic arc was inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2005. After his retirement, he was engaged to prepare the national plan for the protection of mapping and surveying heritage (Harsson 2011). Co-author Roald Aanrud (1928–2013) was employed at the Geographical Survey of Norway from 1948. He worked on map construction. After his retirement, he was active in setting up the Norwegian Map Museum (Norsk kartmuseum) at Hønefoss, which was opened by King Harald in 1998. Due to budgetary restrictions in the NorwegianMapping Authority, the museum has been run since 2004 on a voluntary basis by the association Friends of the Norwegian Map Museum (Norsk Kartmuseums Venneforening), with Bjørn Geirr Harsson as its first leader, a position he held until recently. Aanrud died just as the book project was starting up, but his collected material together with material from colleagues, as well as from geographer Ludwig H. Herzberg, provided a solid basis for Harsson’s continued work with the book. When Harsson & Aanrud’s book was published, a comprehensive history of the Norwegian Mapping Authority had long been overdue. The only substantial historical work previously was a chronological account of the first 103 years of the Geographical Survey of Norway by Christian Martini de Seue (1841–1895), initiated on the Geographical Survey of Norway’s 100th anniversary (de Seue 1878). It remained much quoted into the 21st century. de Seue was employed by the Survey from 1868 to 1876. Like most employees at the Survey at that time, he was a military man; he was a member of the General Staff and became major general in 1894. Material ","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77236400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapped railway dreams, geographical knowledge and the Norwegian Parliament, 1845–1908","authors":"Marie-Theres Fojuth","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2020.1851756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2020.1851756","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of the article is to examine the interrelation between maps and politics in Norwegian railway planning between 1845 and 1908. The author presents a historical discourse analysis with a focus on the Norwegian Parliament. The main finding is that maps were strategically used in the debates on railway construction and seldom criticized. Those with interests in railway building regarded mathematical precision and detailed maps as tools to ‘master’ snow, overcome distances and topographical obstacles, as well as to build the future nation. For these interests, the maps seemed to provide neutral proof of the course that they deemed nature itself recommended. Three main types of railway maps were published and discussed in written parliamentary proceedings: maps of alternative lines, maps of railway networks, and topographic profiles. These maps were both the product and producer of a modern way of describing the earth, namely a ‘technocratic geography’, meaning geography as a call for transformation and a matter of planning. The author concludes that maps and geography were political matters in Norwegian railway planning in the period 1845–1908. Railway politics not only generated new maps and new geographical knowledge but also contributed to a new understanding of geography itself as starting point for transformations.","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75138662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing theodolites for mapping in Norway","authors":"B. Pettersen","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2020.1825523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2020.1825523","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Christopher Hansteen, professor of applied mathematics at the University of Oslo, was appointed as a part-time director of geodesy at the Geographical Survey of Norway in 1817. He quickly realized that previous measurements of angles using geographical circles did not produce data of required quality for geodetic surveying. Using archival sources, the article describes how Hansteen acquired a theodolite from Germany and applied it to demonstrate to the National Assembly (Storting) that investment in new instruments for the Survey was required. With funds granted in 1824, he ordered theodolites, sextants and chronometers from German instrument makers. He conducted a field operation in 1827 in preparation for a first-time survey and mapping of the entire coast of Northern Norway. The article draws on observation logbooks to reconstruct the triangle arc established with the new theodolites between 1828 and 1842. The triangulation stations served as reference points for plane table mapping. Map orientation and geodetic coordinates were controlled by astronomical observations of latitude and chronometer determinations of longitude at two temporary observatories and through selected field observations. The resulting ten maps were the first production released to the public by the Geographical Survey of Norway.","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80935166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust Funds as Localized Strategies for Sharing Mining Benefits in Ghana: Experiences with Transparency, Participation, and Community Development Practices","authors":"R. Maconachie, K. Dupuy, Hilde Refstie","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2020.1851758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2020.1851758","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75669964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To ‘go gender’ – A conceptual framework for analysing migration-related strategic gender practices","authors":"S. Stenbacka, G. Forsberg","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2020.1858154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2020.1858154","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In everyday life individuals tend to read place- and time-specific gender codes and act according to, or in contrast to, what they perceive as the appropriate local gender practice. The aim of the article is to address the questions of what happens when people live translocal lives, in multiple cultures, as in international migration situations, and when people change their place of residence with a corresponding changed gender context. Based on in-depth interviews with immigrants, the authors analyse gender navigation in relation to mobility. They focus on the need to navigate between intentions and requirements of various gendered behaviour. By investigating the gendered practices involved in migration, specifically in international migration, they elucidate this navigation as a ‘going-gender’ process which, in turn, visualises the dilemmas involved in these oscillating rather than unidirectional processes. In conclusion, a ‘going-gender’ analysis can explain the way in which individuals learn to handle the intersection of diverse gender contracts through solving the dilemmas when they move between places. Such an analysis would stress the transformative character of ‘doing gender’ and emphasise the reflexive attitude and strategic approach of studied immigrants.","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00291951.2020.1858154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72524515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Production Networks and Industrial Restructuring: Unpacking the Emerging Offshore Wind Industry","authors":"N. G. Berg, M. Hess, S. Jacobsen","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2020.1776764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2020.1776764","url":null,"abstract":"The thesis investigates global production networks and industrial restructuring, focusing on the offshore wind industry. It consists of two main parts. The first is a summarizing part (Part 1) cons...","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81274200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foraging in Czechia: The nation’s precious hobby","authors":"Jana Šiftová","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2020.1851757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2020.1851757","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article fills the gap in the geographical literature on foraging in a Central and Eastern European context. Its goals are to investigate the extent and character of foraging practice and the population of foragers in Czechia, as well as to uncover what motivates the practice of foraging for non-timber forest products. A mixed methods approach was used in the reported study, which combined the triangulation of data from official statistics, three waves of a representative data survey, and a case study of mushroom pickers in Prague, the capital city of Czechia. The results show that foraging is a widespread practice in Czechia with stable but fluctuating harvest volumes. Czechs gather mainly mushrooms and edible berries. The results also show that foraging is a traditional practice of people with different demographic characteristics and from diverse socio-economic backgrounds, with a myriad of diverse motivations and connotations far from mere economic ones. Strolling outside in the fresh air and in forests is clearly a dominant motive. Thus, the author concludes that foraging in Czechia is far from being limited to livelihood strategies to tackle food insecurity.","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72689840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}