Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology最新文献_第10页

Deciduous dental variation in Chalcolithic India: methods, metrics and meaning. 印度铜石器时代的乳牙变异:方法、度量和意义。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1127/HOMO/2019/1012

J. Lukacs

{"title":"Deciduous dental variation in Chalcolithic India: methods, metrics and meaning.","authors":"J. Lukacs","doi":"10.1127/HOMO/2019/1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/HOMO/2019/1012","url":null,"abstract":"Deciduous teeth are occasionally well represented in archaeological skeletal samples, yet their potential value in reconstructing biological adaptations of prehistoric populations is often overlooked. Independent investigations of the metric dimensions of deciduous dental remains from the Chalcolithic site of Nevasa (Deccan Plateau, western India) yield a unique opportunity to compare odontometric methods and gain insight regarding dental variation in prehistoric India. Mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) dimensions of deciduous teeth were measured by two researchers. Intra- and inter-observer precision in dental measurements are evaluated statistically using multiple methods of comparison. Mean MD and BL dental dimensions (mm) and crown areas (MD × BL; mm2) are reported for Nevasa and compared with mean crown dimensions for Inamgaon. Tooth crown size for Nevasa is evaluated using maxillary, mandibular and total crown areas. The apportionment of tooth mass to incisor and molar tooth classes permits assessment of inter-group variation. No significant differences in mean crown dimensions (MD, BL) or mean crown areas were found between Nevasa (493.6 mm2) and Inamgaon (504.6 mm2). While the apportionment of crown area to incisor and molar tooth classes differed, in overall size (total crown area) both sites are intermediate when compared with prehistoric and living groups from South, Southeast and East Asia. The well documented trend in reduction of permanent tooth size is paralleled by reduction in deciduous tooth size in South Asian prehistory.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"92 1","pages":"3-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83740522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Exploring the risks accompanying child-bearing in aboriginal society on Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, 13th-15th cal. CE): death of a pregnant woman during her third trimester. 探索大加纳利岛(加那利群岛，公元13 -15年)土著社会生育的风险:一名怀孕妇女在妊娠晚期死亡。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1127/HOMO/2019/1011

J. Santana-Cabrera, Martha Alamón-Núñez, V. Alberto-Barroso, T. Delgado-Darias

{"title":"Exploring the risks accompanying child-bearing in aboriginal society on Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, 13th-15th cal. CE): death of a pregnant woman during her third trimester.","authors":"J. Santana-Cabrera, Martha Alamón-Núñez, V. Alberto-Barroso, T. Delgado-Darias","doi":"10.1127/HOMO/2019/1011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/HOMO/2019/1011","url":null,"abstract":"In the pre-Hispanic necropolis of Juan Primo, northwest Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) a grave was found containing a 20-25 year-old woman with a foetus in her abdominal region, whose age at death was estimated at 33-35 weeks of gestation. The purpose of this study is to discuss the possible cause of death of the woman and foetus. Skeletons of both individuals were well preserved, permitting a good record of the bones found in the burial, which is compatible with a pregnancy at preterm. The age of the foetus and the position of the left upper limb raise the possibility that their death was the result of a difficult birth (dystocia). However, a number of alternative disorders can be put forward to explain this death in the third trimester of pregnancy, such as eclampsia and abruption placentae. In this case, pertinent ethnohistorical and osteoarchaeological information about the ancient canaries allows us to assess some of the stressors that would increase their maternal mortality. The lack of similar evidence in archaeological contexts makes this an important finding, providing a likely case of obstetric problems and their impact on pre-industrial societies.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"55 1","pages":"45-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87381690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Masticatory properties in pre-modern Holocene populations from Northern China. 中国北方全新世前现代人群的咀嚼特征。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1127/HOMO/2019/1007

Qian Wang, Qun Zhang, Tao Han, Zhichao Sun, P. Dechow, Hong Zhu, Quanchao Zhang

{"title":"Masticatory properties in pre-modern Holocene populations from Northern China.","authors":"Qian Wang, Qun Zhang, Tao Han, Zhichao Sun, P. Dechow, Hong Zhu, Quanchao Zhang","doi":"10.1127/HOMO/2019/1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/HOMO/2019/1007","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies indicate that evolution of the craniofacial skeleton is influenced by dietary behavior, which in turn alters masticatory efficacy and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) stability. In this study the mechanical properties of the masticatory system and the integrity of the TMJ in human populations from Northern China, dated to between 3800 BCE and 100 CE, were assessed. The results demonstrate that the mechanical efficiency is comparable to other modern human populations, though variations are present across different populations. While the ratio of overall weighted muscle efficiency for incisor loading vs. molar loading in pastoral and some recent agricultural groups is similar to early Homo sapiens, the ratio in more ancient agricultural groups is similar to the ratio in populations with heavy anterior paramasticatory activities, such as Neandertals, Inuits, and Native Americans. The TMJ vulnerability negatively correlates with the maxillary dental arch size, and positively with the condylar size. These findings suggest that there are multi-directional strategies in adaptation to heavy anterior teeth loading, such as increasing anterior teeth loading efficiency, increasing facial height, increasing facial breath and facial orthognathy, or decreasing anterior facial length. Furthermore, populations or individuals with a smaller dental arch and high biting efficiency could more easily injure the TMJ during unilateral loadings, which may explain the higher prevalence of TMJ disorders in modern humans, especially in women. These findings further reflect the impact of diachronic changes of the masticatory apparatus and lifestyle and their impact on oral health during recent human history.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"105 -108 1","pages":"15-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72550930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Editorial. 社论。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2019/1127

Maciej Henneberg

引用次数: 0

Is it worth following the example of a scientist? - or a few words about nutritional status and physical activity of Polish professors. 值得以科学家为榜样吗?——或者几句关于波兰教授的营养状况和体育活动的话。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1127/HOMO/2019/1024

A. Demuth, U. Czerniak

{"title":"Is it worth following the example of a scientist? - or a few words about nutritional status and physical activity of Polish professors.","authors":"A. Demuth, U. Czerniak","doi":"10.1127/HOMO/2019/1024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/HOMO/2019/1024","url":null,"abstract":"Growing problem of overweight and obesity in Polish society needs corrective measures to limit its negative consequences. The purpose of the study is to assess the levels of nutritional status and physical activity of people with university education, professors of Poznań universities. The study included 288 Polish university professors. Their socioeconomic status and lifestyle were determined. Based on the BMI and waist circumference people with normal body proportions and proportions above normal were identified. The effect of biological and environmental variables on normal body proportions was assessed with the regression equation. Results: 1) The group is at the top of the social stratification ladder. 2) A high physical activity level, determined by leisure activities in the past, age, sex, and smoking, characterises 13% of women and 24% of men. 3) Obesity and overweight are more frequent in men compared to women, and in people aged over 49 years. 4) In models of logistic regression, where age was a controlled variable, sex was the only variable significantly determining body proportions in the younger group. In the older group, self-assessment of income and savings, physical activity level, smoking and the number of meals per day significantly affected body proportions. The significance of environmental factors for maintaining normal body proportions becomes visible for the studied group at the end of adult life, without showing significant effect in earlier life. This indicates that actions promoting benefits of physical activity and healthy behaviour should be implemented also for people with university education.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"92 1","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80483601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Malocclusion from the prehistoric to the medieval times in Serbian population: Dentoalveolar and skeletal relationship comparisons in samples. 从史前到中世纪塞尔维亚人口的错颌:样本中牙槽牙和骨骼关系的比较。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1127/HOMO/2019/1009

Tina Pajević, J. Juloski, B. Glišić

{"title":"Malocclusion from the prehistoric to the medieval times in Serbian population: Dentoalveolar and skeletal relationship comparisons in samples.","authors":"Tina Pajević, J. Juloski, B. Glišić","doi":"10.1127/HOMO/2019/1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/HOMO/2019/1009","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this study were to reconstruct and analyze dental occlusion and skeletal jaw relationship in samples from Mesolithic-Neolithic, Bronze Age, Roman and Medieval times in Serbia, to compare results and to determine possible direction of the occlusal changes. Anatomically preserved skulls with mandibles and most of the posterior teeth were included in the investigation. Dental occlusion was reconstructed using the position of centric occlusion and centric relation and analyzed according to Angle's classification. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were traced manually. Site differences were tested by one-way ANOVA, while sex, age and site impacts were analyzed by UNIANOVA. Most of the individuals in all groups had Class I occlusion. Half-cusp distal occlusion was also present in all groups, but there were no significant differences between the groups. Cephalometric analysis showed no differences in the sagittal measurements, almost all individuals had skeletal Class I jaw relationship. Vertical traits analysis revealed markedly decreased basal plane angle and also decreased posterior facial height and sum of the posterior angles in the oldest group in comparison to the later groups. These results indicate that in the Serbian skeletal sample from the Mesolithic-Neolithic to the Medieval times, malocclusions were present in the form of dentoalveolar Class II occlusion. Skeletal deep bite was found in the oldest group, while horizontal growth pattern decreased from prehistoric to the Medieval times. Samples were too small to confirm environmental impact on the vertical skeletal discrepancies.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"65 1","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76509414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex estimation by Mastoid Triangle using 3D models. 乳突三角三维模型性别估计。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1127/HOMO/2019/1010

D. Toneva, S. Nikolova, D. Zlatareva, V. Hadjidekov, N. Lazarov

{"title":"Sex estimation by Mastoid Triangle using 3D models.","authors":"D. Toneva, S. Nikolova, D. Zlatareva, V. Hadjidekov, N. Lazarov","doi":"10.1127/HOMO/2019/1010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/HOMO/2019/1010","url":null,"abstract":"Mastoid Triangle (MT) is a triangle constructed between the landmarks porion, mastoidale and asterion. The aim of the study is to evaluate the sex differences in the MT size in Bulgarian adults and to develop discriminant functions for sex estimation based on the MT sides and area. The study was carried out on 148 head CT scans. A sample of 53 males and 53 females was used for development of discriminant functions, and a test sample of 21 males and 21 females was applied for their validation. Using the software InVesalius©, 3D models of the skulls were segmented and exported in STL format. The 3D coordinates of the landmarks porion, asterion and mastoidale were collected using the software MeshLab©. The MT sides, area and angles were calculated. The sex differences were assessed by the independent t-test. Bilateral differences were evaluated using the paired t-test. Univariate and multivariate discriminant function analyses were applied. The results showed that the MT sides and area differed significantly between both sexes. Sex differences were also established for the angle at mastoidale. Bilateral differences were found in males for the distance porion-mastoidale, which was significantly greater on the right side. The MT dimensions showed sufficient discriminating power for sex estimation among Bulgarians (up to 89%), and the total MT area proved to be the best single sex discriminating trait. The test sample corroborated the usefulness of the MT in sex estimation demonstrating similar or higher overall accuracy rates.","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"39 1","pages":"63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76644850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Book Review. 书评。

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1262

A. Saniotis

引用次数: 0

A palaeopathological analysis of skeletal remains from Bronze Age Mongolia 青铜时代蒙古骨骼遗骸的古病理学分析

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2018.11.002

S. Karstens , J. Littleton , B. Frohlich , T. Amgaluntugs , K. Pearlstein , D. Hunt

{"title":"A palaeopathological analysis of skeletal remains from Bronze Age Mongolia","authors":"S. Karstens , J. Littleton , B. Frohlich , T. Amgaluntugs , K. Pearlstein , D. Hunt","doi":"10.1016/j.jchb.2018.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jchb.2018.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Little is known about the lifeways of the people who inhabited the Mongolian steppe during the Bronze Age<span> (c. 4450-2650 BP). Palaeopathological analysis allows us to draw inferences about the lifeways of past people from the indicators of health and lifestyle recorded in human remains. This paper presents results of analysis of the remains of 25 individuals excavated in northern Mongolia. Overall, the remains demonstrated very little pathology. In particular the lack of evidence for both infectious and non-communicable diseases, along with the patterns of dental pathology<span> indicate a group of people who experienced few health insults and little stress. The types of trauma, Schmorl’s nodes and patterns of degenerative joint disease<span> present in the sample are suggestive of interpersonal violence and horse riding. The findings are consistent with a traditional pastoral lifeway where people live in small groups, rely on a protein-rich diet and use animals for transportation.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":46714,"journal":{"name":"Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology","volume":"69 6","pages":"Pages 324-334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jchb.2018.11.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36724722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Influence of maternal height on children’s health status and mortality: A cross-sectional study in poor Roma communities in rural Serbia 母亲身高对儿童健康状况和死亡率的影响:塞尔维亚农村贫困罗姆人社区的横断面研究

IF 0.6 4区社会学

Homo-Journal of Comparative Human Biology Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2018.11.004

Jelena Čvorović

引用次数: 5