Clinical Neuropsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"An Italian Consensus Conference on Psychological Therapies for Anxiety and Depression.","authors":"Gioia Bottesi, Gemma Calamandrei, Silvio Garattini, Paolo Migone, Ezio Sanavio","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240204","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 2","pages":"153-154"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11129340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Link Between Problematic Instagram Use and Body-Image Investment Dimensions: The Mediating Role of Social Comparison on Instagram and the Need to Conceal Body Flaws.","authors":"Silvia Casale, Chiara Pettini, Giulia Fioravanti, Massimiliano Padovani, Simon Ghinassi","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240105","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The negative effects of Problematic Instagram Use (PIU) on self-evaluations of one's appearance (i.e., body-image satisfaction-dissatisfaction) are well-known, whereas less explored is its role on body-image investment dimensions. By adopting the Social Comparison and the Self-discrepancies theories as the framework, the present study hypothesized that PIU negatively affects body investment and appearance management behaviours through the serial mediating role of actual appearance comparison on Instagram (IG) and the need to conceal body flaws. Gender, age and trait appearance comparison were controlled for.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A convenience sample of 323 participants (F = 70.3%; M= 28.92 + 10.96) was recruited, and well-known self-report measures were administered online.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The structural model produced good fit indices [χ2/df = 2.36, RMSEA = 0.065 (0.053 - 0.077), CFI = 0.962, SRMR = 0.038], and the variables accounted for 79% and 32% of the variance in body investment and appearance management behaviours, respectively. PIU was associated with body investment both directly and indirectly, whereas it affected appearance management behaviours only via appearance comparison on Ig. The tested alternative model has a poorer fit than the hypothesized model, and the former fitted significantly worse than the proposed one.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study represents a step toward a better understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying the link between PIU and body image investment dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":"79-87"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10979791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treating Guilt-Inducing Self-Talk in Ocd with Dramatized Socratic Dialogue: A Step by Step Intervention.","authors":"Angelo Maria Saliani, Claudia Perdighe, Vittoria Zaccari, Olga Ines Luppino, Alessandra Mancini, Katia Tenore, Francesco Mancini","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore2023060104","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore2023060104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Fear of moral guilt and conseque:nt increased attention to personal actions and intentions are the main ingredients of the self-criticism in patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This pathogenic attitude takes shape in a typical guilt-inducing self-talk.The purpose of this work is to describe in detail a novel cognitive therapeutic procedure for OCD called \"Dramatized Socratic Dialogue\" (DSD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>DSD is a theory-oriented intervention that combine elements of Socratic dialogue, chairwork, and cognitive acceptance strategies derived from Mancini's model, which posits that obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms stem from a fear of deontological guilt.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DSD appears to have many strengths, being a theory-oriented treatment and focusing, as a therapeutic target, on the cognitive structures that determine pathogenic processes and OC symptoms. Furthermore, it is a short, flexible and tailor-made intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Detailed description of the intervention could foster future research perspectives and thus be used in evidence-based effectiveness studies to establish whether DSD reduces OC symptoms and to investigate its mechanism of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":"63-78"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10979789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Ketamine for the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Thales Marcon Almeida, Ursula Raianny Lacerda da Silva, Jeully Pereira Pires, Isaac Neri Borges, Clara Rosa Muniz Martins, Quirino Cordeiro, Ricardo R Uchida","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240102","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an enduring condition characterized by a chronic course and impairments across several areas. Despite its significance, treatment options remain limited, and remission rates are often low. Ketamine has demonstrated antidepressant properties and appears to be a promising agent in the management of PTSD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic review was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov, Lilacs, Scopus, and Embase, covering studies published between 2012 and December 2022 to assess the effectiveness of ketamine in the treatment of PTSD. Ten studies, consisting of five RCTs, two crossover trials, and three non-randomized trials, were included in the meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ketamine demonstrated significant improvements in PCL-5 scores, both 24 hours after the initial infusion and at the endpoint of the treatment course, which varied between 1 to 4 weeks in each study. Notably, the significance of these differences was assessed using the Two Sample T-test with pooled variance and the Two Sample Welch's T-test, revealing a statistically significant effect for ketamine solely at the endpoint of the treatment course (standardized effect size= 0.25; test power 0.9916; 95% CI = 0.57 to 17.02, p=0.0363). It is important to note that high heterogeneity was observed across all analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that ketamine holds promise as an effective treatment option for PTSD. However, further trials are imperative to establish robust data for this intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":"22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10979792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory Biomarkers, Cognitive Functioning, and Brain Imaging Abnormalities in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Altamura Mario, Leccisotti Ivana, Mollica Anita, Maddalena Silvio, Altamura Claudia, Moretti Mariaclaudia, Bellomo Antonello","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240103","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recent studies have pointed to neuroinflammation and neurotrophic factors as crucial mediators in the pathophysiology origins of mood disorders. The aim of this review is to assess the potential association between cognitive impairment, brain imaging abnormalities, and inflammatory biomarkers in patients affected by bipolar disorder (BD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, with no year restriction, up until August 2023, for human studies that examined the relationship between inflammatory markers and cognitive impairment in BD patients. Studies based on neuroimaging, such as MRI, DTI, and fMRI, were also included, along with those examining the moderating role of specific inflammatory markers in the alteration of the brain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>59 human clinical studies satisfied the criteria for consideration. Most of the studies reviewed concur that inflammatory state, measured by peripheral blood levels of CRP and cytokines, constitutes an important contributor to cognitive impairment observed in patients with BD. Robust evidence indicates an association between cognitive impairment and CRP, IL-1RA, IL-6, and TNF-α with its receptors, whereas there is no convincing evidence for the involvement of other neuroinflammatory biomarkers. Neuroimaging studies suggest that brain structural/functional abnormalities seen in BD could also be linked to a neuroinflammatory condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current data provide evidence of a link between cognitive impairments observed in BD patients and mechanisms of neuroinflammation. Emerging evidence indicates that systemic inflammation might also play an important role in the deterioration of brain structures critical to cognitive functions in patients with BD. The convergence of findings across these studies strengthens our understanding of the complex neurobiological underpinnings of these disorders. Identification of BD specific inflammatory markers may be of assistance for future early therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":"32-62"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10979794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Impact of Tdcs on Stress-Induced State Rumination and no Influence of Executive Control and Trait Rumination: A Double-Blind Sham-Controlled Within-Subjects Study.","authors":"Yorgo Hoebeke, Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt, Marion Carême, Pierre Maurage, Alexandre Heeren","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240107","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Rumination is conceptualized as a critical transdiagnostic vulnerability and maintenance factor for affective dysregulation and related emotional disorders. Recent research has pointed to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a novel therapeutic tool for alleviating rumination, especially stress-induced rumination. However, the mechanisms of action underlying this effect remain unclear, particularly regarding the potential moderating role of executive control and trait-like rumination. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the impact of anodal tDCS on stress-induced rumination and the potential moderating influence of executive control and trait-like rumination on this efect.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty participants from the general community (i.e., unselected sample) took part in a double-blind within-subjects design study wherein we compared anodal stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(dlPFC) with a sham-stimulation procedure. Participants completed an N-back task, reflecting executive control, during tDCS stimulation, followed by a stress-induction protocol wherein we assessed stress-induced state rumination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found no significant effect of tDCS on stress-induced state rumination and no modulation by executive control or trait rumination. Post-hoc Bayesian analyses corroborated these results and even supported the hypothesis that anodal tDCS does not impact stress-induced rumination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>From a clinical perspective, our results are at odds with the current outlook that tDCS is a viable tool for reducing rumination, particularly stress-induced rumination. However, we firmly believe that the results of null-finding studies, such as those from this study, are particularly valuable for future iterations and meta-researchon tDCS as a potential tool for targeting transdiagnostic processes, such as rumination. We also addressed methodological limitations and directions for future research in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":"99-109"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10979793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silent Infections are not So Silent: The Emerging Role of Combined Infections, Inflammation, and Vitamin Levels in OCD.","authors":"Donatella Marazziti, Lucia Massa, Manuel Glauco Carbone, Stefania Palermo, Alessandro Arone, Giorgia D'Angelo, Nicola Schulz Bizzozzero Crivelli, Riccardo Gurrieri, Paola Perrone, Laura Palagini, Liliana Dell'Osso","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240101","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recent evidence highlights that different agents may trigger immune-mediated processes involved in the pathophysiology of different neuropsychiatric conditions. Given the limited information on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the present study aimed at assessing current/past infections and plasma levels of vitamin D, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine and common peripheral inflammatory markers in a group of OCD outpatients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The sample included 217 adult outpatients with an OCD diagnosis according to the DSM-5 criteria. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used to assess the clinical phenotype and symptom severity. Laboratory blood tests measured levels of vitamin D, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), blood count and antibodies titers for cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), Toxoplasma gondii and antistreptolysin titer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-one patients had a previous EBV infection, 46 were seropositive for CMV IgG, 24 showed positive antistreptolysin titer, 14 were seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii IgG, and four for CMV IgM. More than a half of patients showed vitamin D insufficiency. Compared to seronegative patients, patients with a past EBV infection displayed significantly higher scores on the Y-BOCS total score and compulsion subscale, and other symptoms. Vitamin D was negatively correlated with both the Y-BOCS total score and the subscales scores. Folic acid was negatively correlated with the Y-BOCS total and obsessions subscale score.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of our study show an association between Epstein-Barr infection and hypovitaminosis D and the overall severity and specific symptom patterns of OCD. The laboratory measures used in this study are useful, cheap and easy parameters that should be routinely assessed in patients with OCD. Further studies are needed to clarify their role in OCD pathophysiology and outcomes, as well as the potential therapeutic impact of vitamins and antibiotics/immunomodulatory agents in OCD and other psychiatric conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":"7-21"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10979795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Article Highlights.","authors":"Federico Mucci","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10979788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter from the New Co-Editor-In-Chief.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10979787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equine Assisted Occupational Therapy for Children with Adhd (Astride): Protocol Development and Preliminary Study.","authors":"Anne Helmer, Elaina Delore, Orit Bart","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240106","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are often referred to Equine-Assisted Services (EAS) for therapy despite lack of validated protocols in the field. This paper reports the development and validation of ASTride (ADHD Skills Therapy): a protocol of Equine-Assisted Occupational Therapy (EAOT) intervention for children aged 6-12 with ADHD. The intervention addresses deficits in cognitive-emotional functions and participation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Phase one of the intervention development includes theoretical framework and core content based on an in-depth review of existing literature. Subsequently, the intervention protocol was revised by a panel of experts. Phase two includes a pilot study, during which five children diagnosed with ADHD (mean age= 10.40 year, SD 2.966) participated in a 12-week EAOT intervention according to the suggested protocol, with pre- and post-assessments conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant improvements were found in executive functions, as reflected in the Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) total score. Additionally, hope perception and everyday performance improved following the intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results support the feasibility of ASTride intervention protocol for the improvement of cognitive and emotional functions as well as everyday performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":"88-98"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10979790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}