Clinical Neuropsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Self-Regulation and Rumination as a Transdiagnostic Factors for Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders Among Adolescents.","authors":"Sanja Jandrić, Vlatka Kovač, Damir Kovač, Dunja Degmecic","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Internalizing and externalizing disorders are developmentally complex entities with multifactorial pathogenesis. The findings from recent research on the transdiagnostic responsibility of self-regulation and rumination suggest that their deficits underlie all psychiatric disorders in adults, and yet only a small number of studies have been conducted on the population of adolescents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The clinical study included 162 adolescents, divided into two clinical groups, treated in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Hospital. The first clinical group consisted of 91 adolescents with internalizing mental disorders, with the second clinical group consisting of 71 adolescents with externalizing mental disorders. They had been referred for psychodiagnostic assessment after their first psychiatric examination, and were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-)10 criteria, the diagnoses confirmed through structured clinical interviews. They additionally met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for participating in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results suggest that self-regulation significantly and negatively predicted symptoms of mental disorder in both clinical groups, and rumination significantly predicted symptoms of anxiety and depression in the group of adolescents suffering from internalizing disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings emphasize the importance of maladaptive self-regulation as a transdiagnostic factor underlying various forms of psychopathology in adolescents, and the importance of rumination as a unique transdiagnostic process related to different disorders in the internalizing dimension.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"20 5","pages":"415-423"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10712297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138812355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety, Depression, Emotion Regulation, and Daytime Sleepiness: Are There Links Between These Factors? Network Analysis on an Italian Sample During the Covid-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Alberto Sardella, Giorgia Varallo, Mirian Agus, Vittorio Lenzo, Andrea Zagaria, Grazia Terrone, Alessandro Musetti, Gianluca Castelnuovo, Maria C Quattropani, Christian Franceschini","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the occurrence of psychological disturbances, such as depressive and anxiety symptomatology, thereby significantly impacting individuals' lifestyles by disrupting sleep patterns. This study aimed to elucidate the interconnections between emotion regulation, depression, anxiety, and daytime sleepiness.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We recruited 632 community adults who underwent an online survey of self-report questionnaires, including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).A network analysis was performed to examine and visually represent the pattern of relationships between psychological distress, emotion regulation, and daytime sleepiness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DERS Strategy dimension showed high values across all centrality indices, indicating it as the most influential node in the network. In addition, the DASS Depression and DERS Goals dimensions exhibited high betweenness values, emerging as points of connection between the other nodes within the network structure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our primary findings underscore the connection between psychological distress and emotion regulation, specifically between depressive symptoms, a lack of emotional clarity, and difficulty in the flexible use of emotional strategies. These specific constructs hold promising potential as valuable targets for both assessment and the development of effective interventions during highly challenging situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"20 5","pages":"395-404"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10712299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138812340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Distal 22Q11.21 Microduplication in a 43-Year-Old Male Patient with Mild Intellectual Disability, Social Cognitive Dysfunctions, and Anxiety.","authors":"Jos Egger, Willem Verhoeven, Wim Verbeeck, Margje Sinnema, Alexander Stegmann, Karijn Stuurop, Nicole De Leeuw","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The chromosome region 22q11.2 is highly susceptible to genomic rearrangements. It has become clear that genomic instability extends distally to the commonly deleted/duplicated region (Low Copy Repeats [LCR] A-D) and that a clear difference exists between the phenotypic presentation of patients with rearrangements in the common region versus that in the distal region (LCR D-H), particularly with respect to developmental and somatic issues. Microdeletions in the 22q11.2 distal region are typically associated with congenital heart defects whereas distal 22q11.2 microduplications are infrequently described and present with a smaller duplicated region and a rather unspecified phenotype.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The present paper provides detailed assessments of a middle-aged male with mild intellectual disability, elsewhere diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Because of persisting functional complaints, he was referred for second opinion to a specialized outpatient department.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High resolution SNP-based array analysis demonstrated a ~1.5 Mb distal microduplication in chromosome 22 flanked by LCR region 22C and LCR22E encompassing among others the disease gene MAPK1. No remarkable facial dysmorphisms were noticed. Autism spectrum disorder was ruled out and it was concluded that the patient was primarily suffering from mild intellectual disability and social cognitive dysfunctions with anxieties and suspicious social interactions, to be understood as a disorder within the anxiety spectrum.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The pattern of psychological and psychiatric phenomena was discussed against the background of findings on psychopathology in the chromosome 22 region demarcated by LCR breakpoints C and E. It was suggested that alterations in the MAPK1 gene due to either a deletion or a duplication enhance the vulnerability to develop a psychiatric disorder within the anxiety spectrum.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"20 5","pages":"424-428"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10712293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138812319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Adherence to Vaccination, Social Distancing and Other Preventive Behaviors by Patients With Mental Disorders in the Context Of Covid-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review Protocol.","authors":"Julia E Mühlbauer, Maria E Moreira-de-Oliveira, Ana P Ribeiro, Juliana B de-Salles-Andrade, Veronica Hühne, Livi F Testoni de Faro, Carina Félix-da-Silva, Gabriela B de Menezes, Leonardo F Fontenelle","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230408","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a worldwide public health crisis, leading to significant disruptions in societal behaviors and norms. Within the affected population, individuals with mental health disorders are considered a vulnerable group, experiencing higher infection rates and poorer outcomes. These adverse outcomes can be attributed to various factors, including inadequate adherence to vaccination and other preventive measures. To address this issue, this study aims to present the research protocol for a scoping review that will comprehensively examine the literature on the adherence of individuals with mental disorders to preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The scoping review will adhere to the methodological guidelines outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute and will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. A comprehensive search for published literature containing original data will be conducted in the Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy will be developed based on the Population, Concept, and Context inclusion criteria. Two authors will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full texts for inclusion and extract relevant data. The findings of the review will be presented using descriptive statistics, including tables, charts, and flow diagrams, to elucidate the key concepts of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"20 4","pages":"288-292"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10544247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41169198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpersonally-Based Fears and Feelings During the Covid-19 Pandemic Revisited: Research Findings and Further Reflections on Fear of Missing out and Feelings of not Mattering.","authors":"Silvia Casale,&nbsp;Gordon L Flett","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230415","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Much has transpired since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) began spreading throughout the world in 2020. In our previous commentary, we focused on the significance of two specific fears with an interpersonal basis (i.e. the fear of missing out, FoMO, and the fear of not mattering) during a period in which daily routines were disrupted and physical distancing or \"social distancing\" was implemented as a crucial important public health intervention in response to the coronavirus. In the current article, we examine the current context and review what has been learned about the similarities and differences among people during the pandemic with a particular emphasis on research during the pandemic on the fear of missing and feelings and fears of not mattering to other people. The nature of these constructs as revealed during the pandemic is discussed with a focus on how these attributes reflect insecurity and doubts about the self that heighten susceptibility to external feedback. Key themes include the need to consider FoMO from a broad perspective that includes actual lost opportunities during the pandemic and how individual differences in mattering have been reflected in coping and adaptability and related outcomes. It is clear from our analysis that FoMO and mattering are highly salient and relevant constructs with clear ecological validity in terms of accounting for individual differences in the costs and consequences of the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"20 4","pages":"351-357"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10556848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41167599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Vaccination Attitude and Vaccination Intentions Against Covid-19: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study Investigating the Role of Media Consumption.","authors":"Marco Biella, Graziella Orrù, Rebecca Ciacchini, Ciro Conversano, Donatella Marazziti, Angelo Gemignani","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230404","DOIUrl":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study explores, retrospectively, the link between anti-vaccination attitude and vaccination intentions and extends this relationship to the effect of media consumption style on attitude.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Generalized linear mixed-models were used to estimate vaccination intentions (related to each of the four available vaccines at the time of the survey) relying on anti-vaccination attitude measured using the Italian translation of the Vaccination Attitude Examination (VAX) scale. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate which media type and which consumption frequency were responsible for variation in the anti-vaccination attitude.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater anti-vaccination attitude led to lower vaccination intention (b=-8.33, p<.0001) confirming the attitude-intention link. Crucially, consuming vaccination related information via printed press weekly (b=-0.74, p=.0001) or daily (b=-0.96, p<.0001) were the only protective factors against developing anti-vaccination attitudes. On the other hand, discussing vaccination with the family physician weekly (b=0.66, p=.002) or even daily (b=0.52, p=.026), and actively looking for vaccination related information on specialized websites and blogs every day (b=0.64, t=2.78, p=.006) were risk factors related to increased anti-vaccination attitude. No effects of social media on anti-vaccination attitude were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results confirm that vaccination intentions can be linked to the underlying anti-vaccination attitude. Moreover, our results suggest that the web and the blog sphere, but not social media, are the most anti-vaccination fuelling media and that health practitioners engage with the most vaccination-hesitant individuals. Further interventions could leverage these insights to tackle the vaccination hesitancy issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"20 4","pages":"252-263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10544246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41162785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience, Coping, and the Covid-19 Pandemic Across the Globe - an Update: What Have we Learned?","authors":"Craig P Polizzi,&nbsp;Charlie W McDonald,&nbsp;Fiona G Sleight,&nbsp;Steven Jay Lynn","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic is a mass traumatic event that has universally and indiscriminately negatively affected the world. The adverse consequences of the pandemic have globally impacted psychological health and well-being via increased stressors, such as uncertainty, health anxieties, and financial instability. During the initial months of the pandemic, we (Polizzi et al., 2020) identified coping strategies that may be well-suited to address the sequelae of the pandemic. These strategies included behavioral activation, acceptance-based coping, mindfulness practice, and loving-kindness meditation. We argued that these coping skills may foster resilience and recovery during the pandemic by generating a sense of social connection, encouraging meaning-making, and enhancing feelings of control amid uncertainty. Three years later, we update our initial suggestions by providing a narrative review that considers empirical evidence collected during the pandemic to support the utility of the previously identified coping strategies as well as additional strategies. We also discuss cross-cultural similarities and differences among these strategies and how research supports their application across diverse countries and groups. Finally, we conclude by synthesizing the literature within a regulatory flexibility framework that emphasizes flexible skill implementation with respect to sensitivity to context, coping repertoires, and feedback from the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"20 4","pages":"316-326"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10544248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41139587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the \"Mental Health Crisis\" in Adolescents in the Aftermath of Covid-19 Pandemic: Experience and Insights from Frontline Psychiatric Service.","authors":"Federico Mucci,&nbsp;Siham Bouanani,&nbsp;Angelo Cerù,&nbsp;Amelia Mauro,&nbsp;Francesca Diolaiuti","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on adolescent mental health, with a dramatic rise in psychiatric emergencies that has challenged healthcare systems worldwide. This paper aims at focusing on reporting the authors' experience and their data collected on adolescent emergencies in 2022 in Tuscan, within the context of the \"Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest\", a large department covering about a third of Tuscany's Regional Health Service, in central Italy. The collected findings will be shortly presented and commented on, while providing insights concerning the importance of adapting healthcare systems to adequately respond to this growing crisis and the need for broader strategies to support adolescent mental health in these challenging times.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"20 4","pages":"309-315"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10544258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41134514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Health Services: A Comparison Between First Psychiatric Consultations Before and After the Pandemic.","authors":"Ivano Caselli,&nbsp;Marta Ielmini,&nbsp;Alessandro Bellini,&nbsp;Silvio Marchetti,&nbsp;Giulia Lucca,&nbsp;Erica Vitiello,&nbsp;Manuel Glauco Carbone,&nbsp;Camilla Callegari","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A high rate of onset or exacerbation of several mental disorders has been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the risk contributing to mental distress during the pandemic remains unclear. The study aims to evaluate the risk of the onset of mental disorders by comparing the number of requests for the first psychiatric consultation before and after the COVID-19 pandemic at the psychiatric outpatient services of Varese, a small town in Northern Italy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This observational retrospective study aims to compare the requests for the first psychiatric consultation at the outpatient services of Varese during the 14-month period before COVID-19 pandemic (from 1st January 2019 to 28th February 2020) versus the 14-month period after the pandemic (from 1st March 2020 to 31st May 2021) extracted from the server SIPRL-Psicheweb database (Sistema Informativo della Psichiatria, Lombardy Region). For each patient, socio-demographic features and clinical data (psychiatric diagnosis, psychiatric comorbidities, previous psychiatric records, and previous hospitalization in the psychiatric ward) were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred ninety-five consultations were made during the pre-COVID period and 346 during the post-COVID period. No statistically significant difference was found between the number of first consultation requests in the two periods evaluated but a slight decrease in the total number during the pandemic period (395 vs 346; p=0.07) can be noticed. In the subjects of the pre-COVID group, a statistically significant association was detected with no previous psychiatric records (\"absent\") and with stressor-related disorders. In the post-COVID group, a statistically significant correlation between \"present\" previous records and anxiety-depressive disorders emerged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It has been observed that anxiety-depressive disorders increased in the post-COVID-19 period compared to the pre-COVID-19, instead of stressor-related disorders. This might be because stressor-related disorders may be treated by general practitioners with no psychiatric interventions. Most of the first consultations during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic were for patients who already had contact with psychiatric services.The study shows an increasing request for care by more severe patients in the first phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency departments and hospital services.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"20 4","pages":"233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10544244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41152769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Missing Ingredient: How Misogyny and the Patriarchy Sabotage our Clinical Practice and Research.","authors":"Christine Forner","doi":"10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Discussing massive, unrelenting trauma, especially during a global pandemic, when the threat is not only personally affecting you, but also everyone else, is not an easy thing to do. We can see the consequences of two years of being locked inside. People's trauma responses literally came flooding out. It seems that the pandemic tipped us over an abyss that is hard to comprehend. In so many countries there are protests, laws rolling back basic human rights, the threat of fascism, and actual war. There seems to be widespread governmental corruption that cannot stop the favouritism of those who have wealth, and perpetually admonish those who do not. Our world seems very unstable. Change is deeply desired. Yet, this instability is predictable. It is predictable because the systems that created the structures that \"run and rule\" us are fundamentally destructive and violent. In never-ending ways, the only way that change happens is by utilizing violence as the only way to achieve change. This is the legacy of patriarchy. A system that not only is ruled by one group of people but also tends to be controlled by a very specific type of person. It is a system that cultivates human cruelty, selfishness, and violence. It is a system that is managed by those who do the \"best\" in violence. Most of us do not work this way but are forced to live this way because of the belief that humans are innately violent, selfish, and self-serving; a myth based on the traumatic reaction of fight. It is a dissociated, relational injury that is a direct result of not having our mothers and fathers able to be mothers and fathers. It is formed in misogyny. There are ways to heal, if one can comprehend what misogyny does to human beings, and what we would be like in its absence.</p>","PeriodicalId":46700,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry","volume":"20 4","pages":"327-336"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10544243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41152770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}