Japanese Psychological Research最新文献

{"title":"Episodic Future Thinking Reduces Delay Discounting of Gains and Losses: The Role of Regulatory Focus†","authors":"Li Tang,&nbsp;Miki Toyama","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12502","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examined the moderating effect of regulatory foci on the efficacy of episodic future thinking in reducing delay discounting. We hypothesized that the impact of imagining positive future events (vs. recent positive events) on delay discounting of gains would be stronger for individuals with a high promotion focus than for those with a high prevention focus (Hypothesis 1). Conversely, the effects of imagining adverse future events (vs. recent negative events) on delay discounting of losses would be stronger for individuals with a high prevention focus than for those with a high promotion focus (Hypothesis 2). We conducted two experiments in which participants, randomly allocated to episodic future thinking (EFT) or episodic recent thinking (ERT) groups, completed a delayed discounting task of gain (Experiment 1) or loss (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 (<i>N</i> = 73) weakly supported Hypothesis 1; Experiment 2 (<i>N</i> = 99) did not support Hypothesis 2. Our findings suggest positive EFT is particularly effective for individuals with a high promotion focus compared to individuals with a high prevention focus, which further reveals how EFT attenuates delay discounting.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"66 2","pages":"210-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140333036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of Disaster Preparedness Motivation and Its Relationship with Disaster Preparedness Behaviors","authors":"Junko Toyosawa,&nbsp;Hiroki Takehashi,&nbsp;Satoshi Shimai","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12498","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12498","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the motivations related to autonomous and continuous disaster preparedness from the viewpoint of self-determination theory (SDT). Study 1 was a bottom-up investigation to capture the structure of motivation. Four hundred people who had already engaged in preparedness answered an open-ended question concerning the reason for their preparedness. After categorizing the descriptions, four distinct categories (personal significance, avoidance of negative affect, introjection of social norms, and other-oriented motivation) were extracted. Study 2 developed survey items, based on the four categories extracted in Study 1 and a conceptual definition of the theory, and examined their relationships with disaster preparedness. Five hundred and sixty people answered the questions on disaster preparedness motivation (32 items), autonomous disaster preparedness (four items), household preparedness (10 items), and continuous preparedness (10 items). Factor analysis of motivation extracted four factors (personal significance and avoidance of negative affect, introjection of social norms, intimate other-orientation, and general other-orientation). Correlation analysis showed that all motivations were positively correlated with autonomous, household, and continuous preparedness. The results contribute to extending the scope of application of SDT and to clarifying the motivations corresponding to disaster preparedness. For future studies, strategies to promote disaster preparedness are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"66 2","pages":"225-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139611557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Procrastination and Precrastination from the Perspective of Self-Control","authors":"Miki Adachi,&nbsp;Keisuke Adachi","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12495","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12495","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Procrastination is defined as postponing a task, anticipating adverse consequences in the future. In contrast, D. A. Rosenbaum and colleagues introduced the concept of “precrastination” in 2014, defining it as people doing a task early even when involving physical cost because they desire to minimize their cognitive load. This study aimed to organize and expand the new concept and advance understanding of precrastination in everyday situations and of the associations between precrastination and self-control. Using the scenario assumption method, we examined whether people would precrastinate or procrastinate a task to remove cognitive load and clear their mind even if there was physical cost/burden (Study 1), and whether they would precrastinate or procrastinate a painful event to remove emotional load stemming from a fear of pain (Study 2). The results showed that (a) people start tasks early in order to remove cognitive and emotional load; (b) people do not start tasks early when they involve physical cost, burden, or fear; (c) people with high self-control start tasks early to remove cognitive load even when involving physical cost; and (d) people with high self-control and low fear start tasks earlier to remove emotional load.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"66 2","pages":"178-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139617927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Unique Variance in Future Motivation for Observed Active Behaviors on Positive Class Participation Beyond the Effect of Current Motivation","authors":"Takuma Nishimura","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12497","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12497","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on self-determination theory, this study investigates a unique variance in the effect of aspirations (future motivation) on the observed active behaviors on positive class participation, while controlling for academic motivation (current motivation). In Study 1, 364 fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students participated in a survey to confirm the validity of the Aspirations Index for Children. Confirmatory factor analysis on the theoretically hypothesized model showed an acceptable fit for the data. In Study 2, 297 fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students participated in this survey, assessing their aspirations and academic motivation. Furthermore, their homeroom teachers evaluated the students’ academic behaviors on positive class participation. The results of multilevel structural equation modeling, which controls for the effect of current motivation, indicated the unique variance in aspirations (future motivation): intrinsic aspirations were positively associated with active behaviors on positive class participation, whereas extrinsic aspirations showed a negative relation. This study concludes that future motivation, specifically intrinsic aspirations, facilitates active learning behaviors beyond the effect of current motivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"66 2","pages":"138-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12497","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139617675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Episodic Future Thinking on Learning Intention: Focusing on English Learning Goal-Relevant Future Thinking in University Students†","authors":"Akira Asayama,&nbsp;Masato Nagamine,&nbsp;Ryo Kainuma,&nbsp;Li Tang,&nbsp;Shuhei Miwa,&nbsp;Miki Toyama","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12496","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12496","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examined the effects of episodic future thinking related to achieving important learning goals on university students' learning intentions. Japanese university students (<i>N</i> = 70) participated in this experiment. Participants in the episodic future thinking condition were asked to imagine and describe events they would experience if they achieved their goals. In the semantic future thinking condition, we asked participants to describe their future selves after university graduation and rate the relevance of their future selves to their learning goals. Participants were then asked to respond to the learning intentions measures. Participants in the control condition responded to the measures of learning intentions after completing a questionnaire unrelated to future thinking. When the importance of goal attainment was high, participants in the episodic future thinking condition planned to study for significantly longer than those in the other conditions. Episodic future thinking related to achieving important learning goals strengthens learning intentions more than simple awareness of the future self and learning goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"66 2","pages":"195-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139439467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achievement Goal Impacts Students' Preferences for “Personalized Problems” in Computer-Adaptive Tests1","authors":"Takayuki Goto,&nbsp;Kei Kano,&nbsp;Takayuki Shiose","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12485","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12485","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The contemporary development of psychometric theories and information technologies enables students to work on algorithm-based personalized tests in classroom settings. This study aims to investigate the relationship between students' achievement goals and what they prefer as “personalized problems” in computer-adaptive tests. We theoretically contrast achievement goals with developing competency through mastery and demonstrating competency through performance goals. We asked elementary and secondary school students to work on a computer-adaptive test and to complete questionnaires about what they prefer as “personalized problems” in computer-adaptive tests. The results revealed that while mastery goals positively predicted preference for challenging problems, performance goals positively predicted preference for problems that guaranteed students’ success. Moreover, only the preference for challenging problems positively predicted the intention to take computer-adaptive tests in the future. These results suggest that simply introducing a computer-adaptive test into the classroom may not be effective. We discuss how educational technologies should be integrated into human teaching activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"66 2","pages":"154-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12485","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approach–Avoidance Responses to Affective Facial Expressions and Bodily Posture1,2","authors":"Shinnosuke Ikeda","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12487","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12487","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human beings perceive the emotions of others through various cues, such as facial expressions, voice, and bodily posture. These social signals have been acquired evolutionarily, and reports suggest that emotions are recognized to some extent in a culturally universal pattern. It has also been suggested that an observer's approach or avoidance responses toward the expressor occur at the initial stage of emotion perception. However, such approach–avoidance reactions have hitherto been examined mainly in response to facial expressions and not bodily postures. Therefore, this study examined approach–avoidance responses to anger and fear as visualized through facial expressions and bodily postures. The study sample comprised 58 university students. The results showed that, as in a previous study, approach responses to fear and avoidance responses to anger were dominant in both facial expression and bodily posture conditions. This suggests that bodily posture and facial expression are social signals that can elicit an approach–avoidance response from the observer.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"66 4","pages":"454-461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relation between Motivation and Goal Attainment: A Correlational Meta-Analysis","authors":"Ahlam Lee","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12486","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12486","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This meta-analysis investigated the strengths of the relationship between various types of motivations and accompanying future outcomes that individuals intend to change, based upon 337 effect sizes from 62 studies. Considerable variation exists within and between the effect sizes of the 14 types of motivations, ranging from a small negative effect size, <i>r</i> = −.13, <i>I</i>² = 93.85% (<i>k</i> = 13), to a medium positive effect size, <i>r</i> = .38, <i>I</i>² = 0.0% (<i>k</i> = 3). The following factors moderated some of the 14 summary effect sizes: (a) the type of assessment data (self-report vs. physical data); (b) the type of future outcomes (physical behavior, psychological state, and intellectual ability); (c) the use of a motivational intervention; (d) the use of a longitudinal design; and (e) the time period between the point that measured motivation and future outcomes. The moderating effects suggest that the effect size of motivations may fluctuate across various domains, while future outcomes may be almost unaffected or even affected negatively by particular types of motivations, although certain other types of motivations play positive roles.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"66 2","pages":"114-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12486","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese Psychological Research","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Volume 65</b></p><p><b>Original Articles</b></p><p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><p><b>Review</b></p><p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><p><b>Brief Reports</b></p><p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><p><b>Editorial</b></p><p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><p><b>Erratum</b></p><p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><p><b>Announcement</b></p><p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"65 4","pages":"400-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12484","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50119104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Psychological Science of Interoception","authors":"Keiko Ishii,&nbsp;Hideki Ohira","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12477","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interoception, which denotes the sensory connection between the body and the brain regarding the internal state and visceral organs (Sherrington, <span>1948</span>), is gaining increasing attention among researchers. It serves a vital role in maintaining homeostatic operations and bodily control while also providing the foundation for mental processes and emotional responses. This underscores the close interconnection and responsiveness among brain function, mental processes, and internal physiological condition (Barrett, <span>2017</span>; Craig, <span>2015</span>; Damasio, <span>2018</span>). Interoception is considered a multidimensional construct that encompasses objective, subjective, and metacognitive aspects. These include interoceptive accuracy, indicated by performance in behavioral tests, such as heartbeat detection; interoceptive sensibility, measured through self-reported questionnaires; and interoceptive awareness, which refers to the alignment between objective interoceptive accuracy and subjective confidence (Garfinkel &amp; Critchley, <span>2013</span>). Evidence on interoceptive neural circuits at the neuroanatomical and functional levels has been accumulating but remains limited, as highlighted in a recent special issue of <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i> (“The Neuroscience of Interoception”). For a summary of gaps and challenges in the field, refer to Chen et al. (<span>2021</span>) in the cited special issue. Additionally, the full impact of recent developments in the understanding of interoception in psychological science is not yet fully elucidated. Hence, the goal of this special issue of <i>Japanese Psychological Research</i> was to showcase recent empirical and theoretical advancements in psychological research on interoception. Consequently, the three articles featured in this special issue have tackled significant topics concerning the cultural foundations of self, attentional focus, and effortful control.</p><p>Ubukata et al. (<span>2023</span>) investigated cultural variations in interoceptive accuracy. Previous findings on these cultural differences were limited and somewhat contradictory: Although some evidence has suggested lower levels of interoceptive accuracy in East Asians and Western Africans compared to European Americans (Chentsova-Dutton &amp; Dzokoto, <span>2014</span>; Ma-Kellams et al., <span>2012</span>), another line of research reported no cultural differences (Maister &amp; Tsakiris, <span>2014</span>). By implementing more refined task instructions aimed at addressing specific measurement issues that affect interoceptive accuracy, Ubukata et al. (<span>2023</span>) demonstrated that Japanese participants were more skilled at detecting heartbeats than their European counterparts. Grounded in self-construals and the distinct analytic versus holistic thought patterns that characterize various cultures, Ubukata et al. (<span>2023</span>) would provide insights into the sociocultural factors influencing","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"65 4","pages":"275-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12477","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50119103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}