{"title":"Investigating the impact of precipitation and temperature on snakebite mortality in India: A spatial case-crossover study.","authors":"Guowen Huang, Patrick E Brown, Marta Blangiardo","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our study explores the roles of precipitation and temperature in snakebite fatalities in India, with a focus on short-term effects and different lagged exposures. We propose the use of a spatial case-crossover model that accounts for spatially varying coefficients to assess these environmental exposures. While the spatial case-crossover model has primarily been applied to small area data, we extend its use to continuous spatial fields, allowing for more detailed regional analysis. The spatial model is implemented using MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) methods, allowing us to capture regional variations in the impacts of environmental factors on snakebite mortality. Our findings indicate that snakebite fatalities are primarily influenced by seasonality rather than precipitation or temperature, with notable spatial heterogeneity in these effects. This emphasizes the importance of spatially explicit models in understanding snakebite-related fatalities and the complexities of this public health challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"54 ","pages":"100738"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando Henrique Antunes Murata , Jéssica Priscilla Barboza , Fernanda Follis Tasso , Tainara Souza Pinho , Tiago Henrique , Janine Fusco Alves , FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group , Carlos Alexandre Guimarães de Souza , Daniel Abrahão , Ubirajara Leoncy de Lavor , Chunlei Su , Luiz Carlos de Mattos , Cinara Cássia Brandão
{"title":"Prevalence and spatial distribution of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic and stray cats (Felis catus) in Northwestern São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"Fernando Henrique Antunes Murata , Jéssica Priscilla Barboza , Fernanda Follis Tasso , Tainara Souza Pinho , Tiago Henrique , Janine Fusco Alves , FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group , Carlos Alexandre Guimarães de Souza , Daniel Abrahão , Ubirajara Leoncy de Lavor , Chunlei Su , Luiz Carlos de Mattos , Cinara Cássia Brandão","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the apicomplexan parasite <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>, that can infect any warm-blooded animal, including mammals and birds. Felids are the definitive hosts, with infected cats capable of shedding millions of resistant oocysts into the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and geospatial distribution of <em>T. gondii</em> infection in pet and stray cats attended at the Zoonosis Control Center in São José do Rio Preto, northwest São Paulo, Brazil. Anti-<em>T. gondii</em> antibodies were detected in 36 (25.2 %) of 143 pet cats and 85 (27.8 %) of 306 stray cats, with an overall prevalence of 26.9 %. Male pet cats exhibited a significantly higher risk of infection compared to females (19.5 % vs 34.5 %; <em>p</em> = 0.045). Regional analysis revealed significant difference in seroprevalence between four regions (HB vs Bosque for pet cats, <em>p</em> = 0.035, and Cidade da Criança vs Central for stray cats, <em>p</em> = 0.040). Spatial cluster analysis identified 27 significant hotspots and 70 coldspots (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) throughout the municipality. This study represents the first investigation of the seroprevalence and geospatial distribution of <em>T. gondii</em> infection in domestic and stray cats within this region, providing valuable information on the epidemiology of <em>T. gondii</em>. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the transmission dynamics of <em>T. gondii</em>, supporting the development of effective prevention strategies and reinforcing the importance of a One Health approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lander Rodriguez-Idiazabal , Miguel Angel Martinez-Beneito , Jose M. Quintana , Julia Garcia-Asensio , Maria Jose Legarreta , Nere Larrea , Irantzu Barrio
{"title":"Understanding the COVID-19 pandemic through bayesian spatio-temporal modeling of several outcomes","authors":"Lander Rodriguez-Idiazabal , Miguel Angel Martinez-Beneito , Jose M. Quintana , Julia Garcia-Asensio , Maria Jose Legarreta , Nere Larrea , Irantzu Barrio","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of past pandemics and the factors driving these patterns can enhance preparedness against future pandemics. This study aimed to investigate the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing the spatio-temporal variations in infections, hospitalizations, deaths and reinfections.</div><div>We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from the adult population of the Basque Country at Primary Care Unit level from March 1, 2020 to January 9, 2022. Using a Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal model, we estimated relative risks for each outcome, accounting for the effects of a deprivation index, urbanicity, and COVID-19 testing rates.</div><div>SARS-CoV-2 infections and mortality followed similar risk patterns, with a strong clustering in highly populated areas. Hospitalization risks were influenced by proximity to hospitals, revealing potential access barriers in remote areas. High reinfection risks were predominantly localized in the northwest coast of our region. Increased testing rates were associated with higher risks across all outcomes. Urbanicity showed positive associations with hospitalizations (relative risk, [95 % credible interval]: 1.22, [1.12–1.33]) and infections (1.34, [1.15–1.57]). Similarly, deprivation was positively associated with hospitalization risks (1.09, [1.04–1.15]) and mortality risks (1.07, [1.02–1.12]), reflecting the increased vulnerability of socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.</div><div>This comprehensive analysis of various COVID-19 outcomes provides valuable insights into the pandemic’s spatio-temporal dynamics and highlights key improvement areas. Addressing healthcare access disparities in rural areas and focusing on the deprived populations could help mitigate the impact of future pandemics. This approach could be extended to other regions to inform specific public health strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100737"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of spatial and non-spatial factors on tuberculosis using geospatial information system and fuzzy logic","authors":"Mahsa Rakhsh Khorshid , Saeed Behzadi , Alireza Sharifi , Alireza Vafaeinejad , Ziba Abbasian , Hossein Naderi","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis is a deadly infectious disease that has not been eradicated yet. The prevalence of this disease is still very high in some parts of the world, so it is considered a deadly disease. Iran is one of the countries which has not yet achieved the ability to eliminate this disease. The prevalence of tuberculosis is relatively higher in some provinces than in the other ones. Sistan and Baluchestan is the province with high rates of tuberculosis. In this paper, the factors affecting tuberculosis are modeled in Sistan and Baluchestan province using Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) and FL. This research contains two general analyzes. In the first analysis, three different scenarios of FL rules are presented. The first two scenarios examine spatial and non-spatial factors respectively. The third scenario also examines the combination of spatial and non-spatial factors simultaneously. As a result, the effect of spatial and non-spatial factors on tuberculosis is obtained. In the second analysis, a spatial scatter density map of tuberculosis is produced according to spatial data. This research reveals that the effects of spatial and non-spatial factors on tuberculosis are 57 % and 43 %, respectively. By comparing the results with samplings, the scatter rate map of tuberculosis is obtained with an accuracy of 71 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100729"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdul Joseph Fofanah , Alpha Alimamy Kamara , Albert Patrick Sankoh , Tiegang Gao , Ibrahim Dumbuya , Zachariyah Bai Conteh
{"title":"DeepEVD: Integrating Epidemiological data into deep learning frameworks based on spatio-temporal feature learning for EVD forecasting","authors":"Abdul Joseph Fofanah , Alpha Alimamy Kamara , Albert Patrick Sankoh , Tiegang Gao , Ibrahim Dumbuya , Zachariyah Bai Conteh","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper introduces DeepEVD, an innovative framework that integrates human mobility data to forecast Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreaks. Traditional epidemiological models often struggle to account for the dynamic nature of human movement, which is crucial for understanding EVD transmission. DeepEVD leverages diverse mobility data sources, including phone records, GPS traces, and social media posts, to extract significant spatio-temporal features. It utilises Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks to establish connections between mobility patterns and EVD cases across both space and time. The framework was tested on real-world datasets from the 2014–2016 West Africa outbreak and the 2015–2016 Sierra Leone outbreak, demonstrating a 5%–10% reduction in forecasting errors compared to baseline methods. Ablation studies reveal the impact of various data sources and feature extraction methods on accuracy. DeepEVD not only delivers state-of-the-art performance, but it also provides actionable insights for EVD prevention and control. Implementation of the proposed DeepEVD can be accessed here <span><span>https://github.com/afofanah/DeepEVDMob</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100741"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily N. Peterson , Rachel C. Nethery , Jarvis T. Chen , Loni P. Tabb , Brent A. Coull , Frederic B. Piel , Lance A. Waller
{"title":"A Bayesian spatial measurement error approach to incorporate heterogeneous population-at-risk uncertainty in estimating small-area opioid mortality rates","authors":"Emily N. Peterson , Rachel C. Nethery , Jarvis T. Chen , Loni P. Tabb , Brent A. Coull , Frederic B. Piel , Lance A. Waller","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring small-area geographical population trends in opioid mortality has significant implications for informing preventative resource allocation. A common approach to estimating small-area opioid mortality uses a standard disease mapping method where population-at-risk estimates (denominators) are treated as fixed. This assumption ignores the uncertainty in small-area population estimates, potentially biasing risk estimates and underestimating their uncertainties. We compare a Bayesian Spatial Berkson Error model and a Bayesian Spatial Classical Error model to a naive approach that treats denominators as fixed. Using simulations, we illustrate potential bias from ignored population-at-risk uncertainty. We apply these methods to obtain 2020 opioid mortality risk estimates for 159 counties in Georgia. Assessing differences in bias and uncertainty across approaches can improve the accuracy of small-area opioid risk estimates, guiding public health interventions, policies, and resource allocation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eva Murphy , David Kline , Erin McKnight , Andrea Bonny , William C. Miller , Lance Waller , Staci A. Hepler
{"title":"Integrating data at multiple spatial scales to estimate the local burden of the opioid syndemic","authors":"Eva Murphy , David Kline , Erin McKnight , Andrea Bonny , William C. Miller , Lance Waller , Staci A. Hepler","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The opioid epidemic has been particularly severe in Ohio, prompting significant efforts to understand its spatial patterns, mainly using available data at the county level. However, relying solely on county-level analysis can overlook crucial information relevant to localized effects. To address this, we integrate spatially misaligned data observed at the county and ZIP code levels to explore the complex interaction of five opioid-related outcomes, providing a more detailed local understanding of the opioid epidemic. We demonstrate how to map ZIP-code level data to ZIP-code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) and relate the county-level and ZCTA-level outcomes to a spatially correlated latent factor. The latent factor is defined on the intersection of the misaligned areal units, which provides a more granular understanding of the opioid epidemic. Furthermore, this approach allows us to identify areas with varying levels of opioid burden and reveals local regions with relatively high burden that county-level analyses might miss. Finally, we highlight the need for careful consideration when relying solely on ZIP code level data for naloxone, as it may lead to misinterpretations, particularly in rural regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disease mapping with individual level information; a case study of acute myocardial infarction mortality","authors":"Xavier Puig, Josep Ginebra","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When mapping relative mortality risk under specific causes of death in time, one can use small areas and single year mortality data to explore the space time variation in detail. To reduce the variability of the initial mortality risk estimates and help explain their differences, hierarchical Poisson models are typically used. Here we deal with the situation where besides aggregated small-area level data necessary for that, one also has complete individual level data about the presence of certain risk factors in the population, which is now rare but it should become routine in places with universal health coverage using a medical record sharing system. In particular, we consider the convenience of including individual level covariates in the models, and mapping relative mortality risk adjusted for them. That is illustrated by exploring how mortality due to acute myocardial infarction varies in space and in time in Catalonia between 2014 and 2019 using individual data on obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia and smoking habits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard Casey Sadler , Samantha Gailey , Erin R. McNeely
{"title":"Physician and healthcare partner engagement in the creation of healthfulness indices for West Michigan","authors":"Richard Casey Sadler , Samantha Gailey , Erin R. McNeely","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Community participatory mapping can direct health research, offering opportunity to build spatial awareness and generate future research. Here we establish healthfulness indices by consulting healthcare system partners for their expert opinions on characteristics they felt influenced health. Partners started from 36 variables and narrowed to 16 in 4 simplified categories. The analytic hierarchy process was used to identify variable and category weights. Opinions were consolidated for each partner sub-group and overall. Map layers were assigned calculated weights and indices were created from weighted layers. Areas with more amenities scored higher, including in and around downtown areas and smaller towns. Lower scores were found in suburban and lower-income urban areas. Variation in maps among subgroups reflect differing priorities in tackling health equity issues. This work increases healthcare partner engagement in built environment work and generates future research pathways. Partners now have a tool for interrogating and communicating the environment’s cumulative impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100722"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcos O. Prates , Dani Gamerman , Samuel F. Candido , Luis M. Castro
{"title":"A multivariate generalized logistic approach with spatially varying nonlinear components for modeling epidemic data","authors":"Marcos O. Prates , Dani Gamerman , Samuel F. Candido , Luis M. Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sste.2025.100718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work considers the joint analysis of time series for epidemiological count data of neighboring regions. The joint analysis involves parameter estimation and prediction of future outcomes. The literature concentrated on imposing similarities on components of the linear predictor for the mean. However, some hierarchical model specifications for the mean contain non-linear components with similar behavior over neighboring regions. This paper proposes the use of spatial specification for these components. Parametric forms based on a data-driven approach are assumed for the waves of epidemic counts, and multiple waves are considered. The resulting model is tested in simulation studies and applied to real data. Model evaluation is based on the fitting and prediction capabilities. An illustration is provided by the analysis of counts of COVID19 cases, and it compares favorably against alternative models. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of the proposed methodology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46645,"journal":{"name":"Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}