Zeitschrift fur Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualitaet im Gesundheitswesen最新文献

{"title":"A tool to assess Professional Identity Formation in general practice - A pilot with German GP trainees.","authors":"Simon Schwill, Michaela Trompke, Pauline Scharli, Tanja Kranawetleitner, Andreas C Dreher, Marco Roos, Marjo Wijnen-Meijer","doi":"10.1016/j.zefq.2026.06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zefq.2026.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Professional Identity Formation (PIF) is positively linked to wellbeing, sense of coherence, and job satisfaction. To strengthen PIF among physicians appears reasonable, especially in general practice (GP), to address shortages and retention in care. Measuring PIF is challenging, and validated tools are scarce. The aim of this study was to test a validated tool assessing in-group identification (\"Leach instrument\") as a correlate for PIF in GP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2025, GP trainees were invited to participate in an online survey (cross-sectional study). The questionnaire incorporated the validated German version of the Leach instrument (15 items), sociodemographic data, and two open-ended questions. Analysis was performed descriptively, based on the specification of the instrument, and semi-quantitatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 117 GP trainees participated (response rate: 44%). With a mean age of 37 years, participants were mostly female (82%) and in their final year of training. The majority had entered GP training immediately after medical school (64%). The Leach instrument was easy to complete. The analysis revealed a high quality and a high internal consistency of the two dimensions (self-investment, self-definition) and five subscales (centrality, solidarity, satisfaction, individual self-stereotyping, in-group homogeneity). Solidarity and satisfaction were particularly high. There was a high correlation between centrality and satisfaction, centrality and stereotyping, and self-investment and self-definition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Leach instrument (German version) was successfully tested among GP trainees. Now, PIF can be quantified at different stages of the GP training to explore influencing factors and potential longitudinal changes. Further research is necessary to develop specific measures for undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing medical education allowing for rapid PIF in GP.</p>","PeriodicalId":46628,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualitaet im Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prevalence and health correlates of specific forms of psychological violence against healthcare workers: A secondary data analysis based on a representative sample].","authors":"Gina Marie Stopperka, Antonia Braun, Julia Moser, Beate Mitzscherlich, Margrit Löbner, Ulrike Rösler","doi":"10.1016/j.zefq.2026.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zefq.2026.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychological violence in the workplace poses a significant risk to employee health. In patient-centered care contexts, it often takes the form of abusive behavior by people outside the workplace, such as patients or their relatives and associates. This article examines the prevalence of psychological violence, which manifests itself in derogatory, harassing, or humiliating behavior by third parties towards healthcare workers, and analyzes its associations with the health of those affected.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analyses are based on data from a representative Germany-wide study on bullying in the workplace (August 2023-January 2024). The prevalence of psychological violence was determined descriptively; health associations were examined using binary logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 547 healthcare workers, 16.5% reported psychological violence in the last six months. Repeated incidents of violence were significantly associated with depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, and poorer general health; no associations with days of incapacity to work were found. No significant associations were found for rare incidents.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Psychological violence is a structurally embedded risk factor in the healthcare sector that can only be explained to a limited extent by individual characteristics or general characteristics of the employment situation. Repeated exposure is clearly associated with health impairments and points to the need for organizational prevention measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychological violence by third parties should be systematically monitored and taken into account in occupational risk assessments. Preventive protective measures are key to maintaining employee health and reliable care. Further research on prevalence, risk factors, and effective interventions in German healthcare is needed in order to develop and sustainably implement evidence-based protection concepts.</p>","PeriodicalId":46628,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualitaet im Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of thirst and xerostomia and their associated factors in patients with chronic heart failure in Germany: A multicenter cross-sectional study.","authors":"Franziska Wefer, Lars Krüger, Nina Kolbe, Melanie Seel, Maria Lutao, Franziska Ottenbreit, Samee Anton, Elena Wuzel-Samimi, Anne Richter, Irina Stuth, Martin Hellmich, Sascha Köpke, Stefan Köberich","doi":"10.1016/j.zefq.2026.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zefq.2026.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thirst and xerostomia are common symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and can be very distressing. Studies on the prevalence and associating factors of these symptoms are lacking in patients with CHF in Germany. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of thirst and xerostomia, to determine factors associated with thirst and xerostomia intensity, and to identify interventions that patients use to reduce these symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven hospitals. Participants completed a questionnaire on thirst and xerostomia and on interventions they performed themselves. Additionally, they were asked about possible associated factors (e.g., fluid restriction, other symptoms, alcohol intake). Prevalence of thirst and xerostomia was estimated with percentages and a 95% confidence interval. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to assess factors associated with the intensity of thirst and xerostomia. Interventions used by patients to alleviate thirst or xerostomia were content-analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 371 patients with CHF (71.7% male, mean age 62.4 ± 14.9 years), 78.7% reported thirst and 64.8% xerostomia in the last three days. Statistically significant factors associated with thirst intensity were thirst distress and body height. Fluid restriction, thirst in the last three days, leg oedema, and drug-treated diabetes mellitus were associated with xerostomia intensity. The most frequently reported intervention to reduce thirst or xerostomia was fluid intake (thirst: 95.1%; xerostomia: 86.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high proportion of patients with CHF reported thirst and/or xerostomia. Factors were identified that could have an influence on the occurrence of these symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":46628,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualitaet im Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148632280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Paving the way: The role of dementia competence centers in regional and local dementia networking - A qualitative study].","authors":"Anja Bieber, Felix Bühler, Gabriele Meyer","doi":"10.1016/j.zefq.2026.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zefq.2026.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Promoting networking among all local stakeholders in order to enable people with dementia to participate in society is one of the objectives of the National Dementia Strategy (NDS). Dementia Competence Centers are tasked with promoting this networking. Only isolated scientific findings have so far been available to assist in the implementation of this task. The aim of the study is to gain insight into the role of Dementia Competence Centers in regional and local dementia networking.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In expert interviews, representatives of the Dementia Competence Centers were systematically questioned for the first time about their networking activities, and the data were evaluated using reflective thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on a total of 21 interviews, the role of Dementia Competence Centers as pioneers for regional and local dementia networking was identified. As pioneers, Dementia Competence Centers identify opportunities for networking activities, remove obstacles to sustainable dementia networks and create links to further develop dementia-specific networking concepts.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In their role as pioneers, it is the task of Dementia Competence Centers to strengthen the independence and sustainability of dementia networks. In addition, the Dementia Competence Centers connect the various political and care-related levels in order to further develop networking in the field of dementia with a view to promoting social inclusion for people with dementia. The scientific findings from Germany's various federal states can be used via the joint working group of the Dementia Competence Centers to systematically promote networking expertise in both the Dementia Competence Centers and the regional and local dementia networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":46628,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualitaet im Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148608569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparison of cesarean section rates at the facility level using the Robson classification: A retrospective cohort study at a tertiary university perinatal center (2019-2021)].","authors":"Marie Strohauer, Julia Leinweber","doi":"10.1016/j.zefq.2026.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zefq.2026.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A reduction in the cesarean section rate is warranted from both medical and health policy perspectives. With the introduction of the Robson classification into the national obstetric quality reporting by the German Institute for Quality Assurance and Transparency in Health Care (IQTIG) in 2020, a standardized instrument became available that enables transparent presentation of obstetric data. However, comparative analyses at the hospital level remain scarce. The aim of this study was to systematically describe cesarean section rates at two sites of a single tertiary university perinatal center using the modified Robson classification and to compare site-specific differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 16,937 births between 2019 and 2021 at the two obstetric sites of a single tertiary university perinatal center were retrospectively analyzed and assigned to one of twelve groups according to the modified Robson classification. In addition to descriptive analyses of group-specific cesarean section rates and their contribution to the overall cesarean section rate, cesarean section rates between sites were compared across Robson groups using relative risks (RR), and logistic regression models including site, Robson group, and their interaction were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall cesarean section rates were similar at both sites (Site A 37.8 %, Site B 37.1 %). Group 5 (previous cesarean section) made the largest contribution to the overall cesarean section rate at both sites, while the highest group-specific cesarean section rates were observed in group 6 (nulliparous women, breech presentation). Significant site-specific differences were found in groups 1 and 9, with higher cesarean section rates at Site B, and in group 6, with higher rates at Site A. Supplementary logistic regression models showed a significantly different group-specific cesarean section pattern between sites (p < 0.001), which persisted after adjustment for selected maternal covariates. Despite their large group sizes, the low-risk groups 1 and 3 had the lowest contributions to the overall cesarean section rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that the modified Robson classification not only enables a differentiated analysis of cesarean section rates but can also reveal site-specific patterns of cesarean section practice. This provides a basis for further analyses and targeted interventions to reduce cesarean section rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":46628,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualitaet im Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Sex matters?! - Taking gender and diversity differences into account in (bio)medical research].","authors":"Josefine Mentrup, Irene Portig, Carolyn Gebhardt, Sabine Pankuweit","doi":"10.1016/j.zefq.2026.05.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zefq.2026.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As of 2004, sponsors of studies submitted under the Clinical Trials Regulation are required to confirm that the chosen gender distribution is appropriate for identifying gender-specific differences-unlike research studies submitted under professional regulations. One of the best-known examples illustrates why sex and gender should also be taken into account in these types of studies: in the case of heart attacks, warning symptoms differ between men and women, resulting in women being less likely to receive guideline-based treatment and more likely to die than men. The objective of the present study was to obtain an overview of how gender-related aspects are considered in medical research projects submitted to an ethics committee for review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis of 171 research proposals submitted to the Ethics Committee of the University of Marburg in 2021 was conducted using two self-developed scoring systems. The first score assessed the extent to which gender and diversity aspects were considered in the research proposal. The second score evaluated the availability and quality of existing knowledge of gender and diversity differences related to the topic of each proposal, as reflected in the medical literature. Literature searches were performed in PubMed (PM) using a dedicated search string and in the GENDERMED database (GM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A comparison of the two scoring systems indicates that in more than 70% of the research proposals that did not address gender or diversity aspects, the scientific literature nevertheless contained relevant evidence on gender- or diversity-related differences pertaining to the respective research topic.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This result is noteworthy, as institutions that support science and research, such as the German Research Foundation (DFG), have long been recommending that applicants appropriately consider sex/gender and diversity in the planning stage of their research projects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further studies are needed to determine which hurdles and barriers exist on the part of researchers. At key points within the research landscape, such as ethics committees, researchers could be made aware of these aspects at the planning stage and, where appropriate, be offered guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":46628,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualitaet im Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Reducing prescription errors in oncological systemic therapies by implementing software-assisted therapy planning].","authors":"Katharina Ahlrichs, Berit Thon, Christoph Szuszies, Tobias Overbeck, Nils Zahlmann, Matthias Bohn, Gerald Wulf, Nils Brökers","doi":"10.1016/j.zefq.2026.05.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zefq.2026.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chemotherapy and antibody-based therapies are cornerstone treatments in modern oncology, but they carry a substantial risk of therapy-related morbidity and mortality. Prescription errors-including incorrect patient information, inaccurate dosing, inappropriate treatment regimens, or insufficient consideration of patient-specific factors-can further exacerbate this risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Investigation of the impact of a software-based electronic therapy planning system (CPOE, Computerized Physician Order Entry) on the frequency and spectrum of prescription errors, which were previously prioritized by an interdisciplinary team according to their potential severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis of all oncological systemic therapy orders processed in the pharmacy of the University Medical Center Göttingen between January 1 and December 31, 2021. Therapies were ordered either via the Excel-based prescription system (TKV) or using CPOE. Medication errors were systematically identified during pharmacist-led medication review, prioritized according to potential clinical relevance, and classified using an adapted application of the NCC MERP Index, which was used in this study to assess the potential risk of prevented errors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 27,898 oncological systemic therapies, TKV prescriptions showed a higher error rate (0.73 %) than CPOE prescriptions (0.48 %, p = 0.0078). Errors involving incorrect patient data, which were classified as particularly relevant in the internal prioritization process, occurred exclusively in the TKV group. All other prescribing errors were consistently less common, although the difference was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implementation of a fully integrated CPOE-based therapy planning system significantly reduced the overall number of prescribing errors, altered the error spectrum, and specifically prevented the error of incorrect patient data, which was rated as particularly critical. Considering the limitations of the study, these findings suggest an improvement in care quality and patient safety, provided that the software is embedded within a continuously monitored quality management system.</p>","PeriodicalId":46628,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualitaet im Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhaltsverzeichnis / Table of Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1865-9217(26)00134-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1865-9217(26)00134-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46628,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualitaet im Gesundheitswesen","volume":"203 ","pages":"Pages iii-iv"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148529079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gewalt gegen Ärzt:innen und Zahnärzt:innen in Deutschland","authors":"Emily Marie Ungermann,&nbsp;Fernando Topfstedt,&nbsp;Katharina Feld,&nbsp;Thomas Funk,&nbsp;Aysche Landmann,&nbsp;Clara Schütte,&nbsp;Anastasia Tsaklakidis,&nbsp;Kathrin Yen","doi":"10.1016/j.zefq.2026.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zefq.2026.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Violence against healthcare workers and physicians poses a significant occupational risk and can have serious implications for the health of both physicians and patients as well as social and economic repercussions. Previous studies on violence against health professionals focused on the different medical specialties. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of violence against physicians in general.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In an anonymous online survey, physicians and dentists were asked about their personal experiences with violence in a workplace setting. A link to a structured questionnaire was distributed via participating medical associations, and data were collected between October 2021 and January 2022. The analysis included only fully completed questionnaires from respondents currently working in the profession. Data analysis was conducted using the statistical software “R.”</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1,751 questionnaires was evaluated; 25.97% of respondents reported personal experiences with physical violence, 12.51% reported sexual abuse and 78.47% verbal abuse. Disciplines such as psychiatry, internal medicine, and anesthesiology were particularly affected. Perpetrators were predominantly patients or their relatives. Female participants were significantly more often affected by violence than male participants. Severe physical assaults were mainly reported from psychiatric and emergency medical settings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although the study represents only a limited segment of the medical profession in Germany, experiences of violence in the healthcare setting, in particular amongst physicians, have become commonplace and affect nearly all medical specialties. The results of our study provide a comprehensive overview of those affected and highlight the urgent need for targeted protective measures, systematic documentation, and discipline-specific prevention strategies in medical care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46628,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualitaet im Gesundheitswesen","volume":"203 ","pages":"Pages 31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entwicklung einer Reflexions- und Strukturierungshilfe für Schadensendpunkte in Gesundheitsinformationen (SCHADEN-Tool)","authors":"Fülöp Scheibler,&nbsp;Martina Albrecht,&nbsp;Stefanie Bühn,&nbsp;Marion Danner,&nbsp;Judith Günther,&nbsp;Iris Hinneburg,&nbsp;Eugenia Marbach-Breitrück,&nbsp;Anne Christin Rahn,&nbsp;Anne Rummer,&nbsp;Alina Weise","doi":"10.1016/j.zefq.2026.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.zefq.2026.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of evidence-based health information and decision aids is to help users with making decisions that are consistent with their personal values and preferences. Information on harms of interventions can be especially challenging due to gaps in the evidence ecosystem and special communication requirements.</div><div>The aim of this project was to develop a tool that assists creators in the communication of harms of interventions. The project group in the Patient Information and Participation Working Group of the Network for Evidence-Based Medicine (EbM Network) included creators from different fields including science, journalism, patient information, and consumer protection. Starting with the discussion of case studies, the SCHADEN tool was developed in an iterative process over a period of two years, during which twelve video conferences, several small group meetings, and two congress workshops were held. The draft of the tool was put up for discussion via the EbM network as part of a public consultation phase and later finalized.</div><div>In four sections, nine key questions, and 29 detailed questions the tool reflects the full development process and comprises both a short version and a comprehensive manual. It serves as a reflection instrument that makes necessary decisions explicit, supports documentation and provides methodological assistance. The tool recognizes that the development of health information or decision aids may differ in terms of resources and formats with different requirements and objectives. The SCHADEN tool is intended to supplement existing standards such as the Good Practice Guidelines for Health Information and the Guideline Evidence-based Health Information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46628,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualitaet im Gesundheitswesen","volume":"203 ","pages":"Pages 39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}