Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Canadian Judiciary's Experiences with and Perceptions of Gladue","authors":"J. Dickson, Korydon H. Smith","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2021-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2021-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Section 718.2(e) of the Criminal Code of Canada requires judicial consideration of Indigenous social context evidence in any setting in which an Indigenous person is facing a possible loss of liberty. This research explored how lower courts in Canada access this information, the quality and sufficiency of the information received, and whether and how this information assists in crafting appropriate sentences for Indigenous offenders. Our study found that, despite their limitations, Gladue reports are the most satisfactory means by which social context evidence is received. Explanations for this finding are discussed, as are the policy implications of the research for current approaches to Gladue and the realization of its remedial goals.Résumé:La section 718.2(e) du Code criminel du Canada exige que le tribunal prenne en compte les données sur le contexte social autochtone dans tous les cas où une personne autochtone risque de perdre sa liberté. Le présent travail porte sur l'accès des tribunaux inférieurs à cette information, la qualité et le caractère suffisant de l'information reçue, ainsi que la manière dont cette information permet ou non de formuler des sentences appropriées aux contrevenants autochtones. Notre étude montre que, malgré leurs limites, les rapports Gladue demeurent le moyen le plus satisfaisant de recevoir les données sur le contexte social. L'article tente d'expliquer ce résultat, de même que l'incidence de notre recherche sur les politiques relativement à l'utilisation actuelle des rapports Gladue et à la réalisation de leurs objectifs de réparation.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"63 1","pages":"23 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43021151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incarcerated Girls' Early Life Experiences and Their Influence on Serious Offending in Emerging Adulthood","authors":"Kelsey Gushue, Evan C. Mccuish","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2021-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2021-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Warr (1989) conceptualized offence severity as the intersection of the harmfulness and wrongfulness of an act, which overlaps with how Canada's justice system makes decisions about sentencing. The current study used this logic to move beyond static indicators of crime severity (e.g., history of violent offending) to examine risk factors for longitudinal patterns of offending severity over the life course. Data on girls (n = 284) from the Incarcerated Serious and Violent Young Offender Study were used to examine the impact of self-reported risk factors on trajectories of offence severity between ages 12 and 23 (i.e., amount of time spent in custody at each year of age). Overall, 40% of incarcerated girls were associated with serious offending in emerging adulthood; however, it was rare for offending severity to escalate during emerging adulthood (ages 18–23; n = 25, 8.8%). Early-onset illicit substance use and frequent involvement in physical altercations during adolescence predicted serious offending that escalated between adolescence and emerging adulthood. A much wider range of risk factors in adolescence distinguished between participants who demonstrated frequent offending of a less serious nature, which slowly declined in adulthood, and those who were rarely, if ever, involved in frequent or serious offences in adulthood. Substance abuse treatment strategies may be especially important for disrupting incarcerated girls' pathway to escalation of the severity of offending during emerging adulthood.Résumé:Pour Warr (1989), la gravité d'une infraction correspond à l'intersection entre la dangerosité et le caractère illicite du geste, ce qui recoupe la manière dont le système de justice canadien décide des peines qu'il impose. La présente étude s'est appuyée sur cette logique pour aller au-delà des indicateurs statiques de la gravité d'un crime (les antécédents d'infraction violente, p. ex) et examiner les facteurs de risque dans la trajectoire longitudinale de gravité des infractions tout au long de la vie. Les données sur les filles (n = 284) de l'Incarcerated Serious and Violent Young Offender Study (« Étude sur les jeunes emprisonné·e·s pour des infractions graves et violentes ») ont permis d'examiner l'impact des facteurs de risque autorapportés sur la trajectoire de gravité des infractions entre 12 et 23 ans (à savoir le temps passé en détention pour chaque année de vie). Au total, 40 % des filles incarcérées commettent des infractions graves au début de l'âge adulte; il est rare toutefois que la gravité de l'infraction augmente à cet âge (entre 18 et 23 ans; n = 25, soit 8,8 %). La consommation précoce de substances illicites et la participation fréquente à des altercations physiques pendant l'adolescence sont corrélées positivement à une intensification des infractions graves entre l'adolescence et le début de l'âge adulte. Un éventail beaucoup plus grand de facteurs de risque à l'adolescence distingue les participantes qui comme","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"63 1","pages":"112 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42488659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Networked Architectures of Crime Prevention: Community Mobilization in Manitoba","authors":"Kelly Gorkoff, N. Bartlett, M. Yavuz, Rebeca Heringer, Natassia D’Sena","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Crime prevention programs in Canada have increasingly adopted community mobilization frameworks–a process in which individuals, groups, and organizations in a community come together to address particular social issues associated with individual risk, health and safety, crime prevention, and community development. These initiatives intend to address systemic issues that are strongly correlated with criminal activity and with community safety and well-being. Twelve community mobilization (CM) initiatives have been established in Manitoba. CM is often considered an innovative way to deal with highrisk individuals who are best served by an approach that activates communities to act on their behalf and, by doing so, increases community safety. CM is also considered a networked form of crime control that activates groups not normally involved with crime control. Although intending to mobilize communities to act, some of these programs have been critiqued as being state-centric and promoting a police agenda. We have found preliminary evidence that Manitoban initiatives have avoided these problems and retained autonomy and local governance in their design and operation. Using the theoretical concept of nodal networks (organizational sites that bring together institutions to shape a flow of events), we argue that models of CM in Manitoba have maintained local leadership and resisted standardization, which gives them the potential to meet the original goals of CM: to co-produce community-grounded definitions and practices of public safety. We introduce indicators to verify these nodal networks and discuss the possibilities for reimagining public safety.Résumé:Les programmes de prévention du crime au Canada sont en train d'adopter progressivement les modes de fonctionnement de la mobilisation communautaire, processus dans lequel les individus, les groupes et les organismes d'une collectivité donnée unissent leurs forces pour aborder des questions sociales associées au risque individuel, à la santé et à la sécurité, à la prévention de la criminalité et au développement communautaire. Ces programmes cherchent à résoudre des problèmes systémiques fortement corrélés à l'activité criminelle et à la sécurité et au bienêtre de la communauté. Douze projets de mobilisation communautaire (MC) sont en place au Manitoba. La MC est souvent considérée comme un moyen novateur de traiter avec les personnes à haut risque quand celles-ci répondent de manière optimale à une approche incitant les communautés à agir en leur nom ; la MC se trouve, ce faisant, à accroitre la sécurité de la communauté. La MC est par ailleurs une méthode de lutte contre le crime qui fait intervenir, par réseautage, des groupes qui ne participent pas habituellement à cette lutte. Bien que les programmes dont il est question cherchent avant tout à mobiliser les collectivités pour les inciter à agir, on a reproché à certains d'entre eux d'être étatistes et de promouvoir les intérêts de la po","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"63 1","pages":"111 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45364938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choosing Prison over Parole: Factors Associated with Prisoners' Decision to Waive Their Conditional Release Hearing","authors":"S. Lord, Chloé Leclerc, M. Vacheret, Marianne Quirouette, João Velloso","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Parole review waivers have serious implications on correctional systems, prisoners' rehabilitation, and public safety. However, studies on this topic are scarce, have limited scopes and methodologies, and lack in-depth analysis about women and Indigenous people. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of prisoners who forgo parole review. Quebec's correctional services provided us with the correctional records of all parole-eligible prisoners in the province in 2014–15 (N = 3,675). A sample of men, women, Indigenous people, and non-Indigenous people assessed with the LS/CMI (n = 2,595) was selected. Hierarchical logistic regressions showed that recidivism risk and parole officers' recommendations for release have a strong statistical relationship with waivers. In addition, Indigenous people are more likely to waive a parole hearing. Moderation analyses also showed that sex and Indigenous ethnicity each moderate the effect of one factor. Results suggest that the combination of statistically significant factors, as represented by recidivism risk, explains waivers better than the specific effects of these factors viewed separately.Résumé:La renonciation à une audience de mise en liberté sous condition a des répercussions importantes sur les systèmes correctionnels, la réadaptation des détenus et la sécurité publique. Cependant, il y a peu d'études sur le sujet. Celles qui existent sont d'une portée et d'une méthodologie limitées et ne comportent pas d'analyse approfondie sur les femmes et les Autochtones. L'objectif de la présente étude est d'examiner les caractéristiques des détenus qui renoncent a leur en vue d'une libération conditionnelle. Les services correctionnels du Québec nous ont remis les dossiers correctionnels de tous les détenus admissibles à une libération conditionnelle dans la province pour 2014-2015 (N = 3675). Un échantillon d'hommes, de femmes, de personnes autochtones et de personnes non autochtones évalués avec le LS/CMI (n = 2595) a été sélectionné. Des régressions logistiques hiérarchiques montrent que le risque de récidive et les recommandations de libération des agents de libération conditionnelle ont une importante relation statistique avec les renonciations. De plus, les personnes autochtones sont plus susceptibles de renoncer à une audience de mise en liberté. Les analyses de modération montrent aussi que le sexe et l'ethnicité autochtone ont chacun un effet modérateur sur un facteur. Les résultats suggèrent que la combinaison de facteurs statistiquement significatifs, comme représentée par le risque de récidive, explique mieux les renonciations que les effets particuliers des facteurs pris séparément.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"63 1","pages":"69 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41738474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources of Public Confidence in the Canadian Criminal Justice System","authors":"J. David","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2020-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2020-0059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This study examines factors associated with public confidence in the Canadian criminal justice system. It further examines whether interaction with this legal authority leads to varying bases for this confidence. Using data from the 2009 Canadian General Social Survey, this study found that satisfaction with sentencing severity was among the least important sources of confidence. Instead, satisfaction with the extent to which the Canadian criminal justice system provides justice quickly and its ability to determine guilt were the most prominent bases for public confidence. Satisfaction with the extent to which the justice system helps victims and ensures a fair trial for accused persons were found to be intermediate sources of confidence. However, these factors' relative importance differed to some extent based on previous interactions with this legal authority. This study argues for a need to better inform the public on the workings of the Canadian criminal justice system.Résumé:L'étude examine les facteurs associés à la confiance du public dans le système de justice pénale canadien. Elle cherchait à déterminer si l'interaction avec cette autorité légale menait à différents paliers de cette confiance. En utilisant des données de l'Enquête sociale générale canadienne de 2009, l'étude a trouvé que la satisfaction liée à la gravité des peines constituait l'une des sources de confiance les moins importantes. Plus tôt, la satisfaction à l'égard de la mesure dans laquelle le système de justice pénale canadien rend rapidement justice et à l'égard de sa capacité à déterminer la culpabilité étaient les deux plus importantes bases de confiance du public. La satisfaction à l'égard de la mesure dans laquelle le système juridique aide les victimes et assure la tenue d'un procès juste pour les personnes accusées a été notée comme une source intermédiaire de confiance. Cependant, l'importance relative de ces facteurs variait dans une certaine mesure, selon les interactions préalables avec cette autorité légale. L'étude fait valoir qu'il serait utile de mieux informer le public sur le fonctionnement du système de justice pénale canadien.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"63 1","pages":"47 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42280251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Situational and Ecological Predictors of Conducted Energy Weapon Application Severity","authors":"Victoria A. Sytsma, Erick Laming, Ethan Pohl","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2021-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2021-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Despite being touted as a “less lethal” use-of-force option, conducted energy weapons (CEWs) do pose some risk of injury to civilians, and thus warrant empirical examination. CEWs provide users with multiple use modes constituting various levels of severity; yet apart from the work of Somers and colleagues, almost no research exists investigating these levels of severity. Further, research findings on the impact of suspect resistance on CEW deployment are somewhat mixed. We contribute an innovative application of environmental criminology in a Canadian setting by exploring situational and ecological predictors of CEW application severity, with special attention being paid to reasons cited for CEW use and the impact of subject resistance level. Using all 393 Ontario Provincial Police CEW-related use-of-force reports over a two-year period, we find probe deployment to be the most common level of CEW application severity, irrespective of subject resistance level, and even when officers and subjects are in close proximity to one another. Application of CEW for the purpose of effecting an arrest is consistently the strongest predictor of CEW application severity without any mediating effect of subject resistance level or presence of a weapon. Th e impact of applying CEWs for the purpose of effecting arrests on CEW application severity is partially mediated by lighting visibility. Results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"0 1","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41448485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Tale of Two Theories: Whither Social Disorganization Theory and the Routine Activities Approach?","authors":"Jen-Li Shen, Martin A. Andresen","doi":"10.3138/CJCCJ.2021-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/CJCCJ.2021-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Social disorganization theory and the routine activities approach have been extensively applied separately as theoretical frameworks for the spatial analysis of crime, with general support. As hypothetical explanations for complex social phenomena, criminological theories can impact how studies are framed and how the crime problem is approached. Thus, it is important to evaluate theories continuously in various geographical, as well as contemporary contexts. This study uses both theories in tandem to examine their ability to explain 2016 property crime in Vancouver, Canada, using 2016 census data. Both theories found moderate support. Of particular note is that all of the variables designated as proxies for ethnic heterogeneity in social disorganization theory were either not statistically significant or negative, consistent with the immigration and crime literature. Additionally, almost all variables, when statistically significant, were found to have consistent results across crime types. These results bode well for the continued use of social disorganization theory and the routine activity approach in spatial analyses of crime.Résumé:La théorie de la désorganisation socialeet l’approche des activités routinièresont été considérablement appliquées séparément en tant que cadres théoriques pour l’analyse spatiale du crime, et ce, avec soutien général. En tant qu’explications hypothétiquespour des phénomènes sociaux complexes, les théories en criminologie peuvent avoir un impact sur la manière dont les études sont conçues et la manière dont le problème du crime est approché. Ainsi, il est important de toujours évaluer les théories dans divers contextes géographiques et contemporains. Cette étude utilise les deux théories pour examiner leur capacité à expliquer le crime contre les biens en 2016 à Vancouver, au Canada, à l’aide de données de recensement de 2016. Les deux théories ont eu du soutien modéré. Il est particulièrement intéressant de noter que toutes les variables désignées comme étant des substitutions pour l’hétérogénéité ethnique dans la théorie de la désorganisation sociale soit n’étaient pas statistiquement significatives, soit étaient négatives, ce qui correspond aux recherches sur l’immigration et le crime. De plus, presque toutes les variables, lorsqu’elles étaientstatistiquement significatives, avaient des résultats uniformes, peu importe le type de crime. Ces résultatsaugurent bien pour l’utilisation continue de la théorie de la désorganisation socialeet l’approche des activités routinièresdans les analyses spatiales du crime.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48459854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contacts with the Police and the Over-Representation of Indigenous Peoples in The Canadian Criminal Justice System","authors":"J. David, Megan Mitchell","doi":"10.3138/CJCCJ.2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/CJCCJ.2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:There is abundant evidence of the over-representation of Indigenous peoples in Canadian correctional facilities but, there is, however, limited research on the over-representation of Indigenous peoples at other stages of the criminal justice system. This article examines self-reported contacts with the police by Indigenous peoples in Canada as a way to broaden our understanding of their over-representation in the criminal justice system. Settler colonialism is used as a theoretical framework to better assess the various processes by which Indigenous peoples and police may come into contact. Using data from the 2014 General Social Survey, we quantitatively examine the prevalence of various types of police contacts for Indigenous and non-Indigenous respondents. Results suggest that Indigenous peoples are more likely to encounter the police for a variety of reasons including for law enforcement reasons, for non-enforcement reasons, including being a victim or a witness to a crime, and for behavioural health-related issues. Results are discussed within the context of historical and ongoing settler colonial practices and the over-representation of Indigenous peoples in the criminal justice system.Résumé:Il y a d’abondantes preuves que les personnes autochtones sont surreprésentées dans les établissements correctionnels canadiens. En revanche, il y a peu de recherche sur la surreprésentation des personnes autochtones lors des autres étapes du système de justice pénale. Cet article examine les contacts avec la police autorapportés par les personnes autochtones du Canada comme moyen d’élargir notre compréhension de leur surreprésentation dans le système de justice pénale. Le colonialisme de peuplement est utilisé comme cadre de travail théorique afin de mieux évaluer les différents processus par lesquels les peuples autochtones et la police pourraient entrer en contact. À l’aide de données obtenues de l’Enquête sociale générale de 2014, nous examinons quantitativement la prévalence de divers types de contacts policiers chez les répondants autochtones et non autochtones. Les résultats suggèrent que les peuples autochtones sont plus susceptibles d’avoir des contacts avec les policiers, et ce, pour plusieurs raisons tant en lien avec l’application de la loi que non, notamment être victime ou témoin d’un crime ou encore pour des problèmes reliés à la santé et au comportement. Les résultats sont examinés dans le contexte des pratiques de colonialisme de peuplement historiques et continues et de la surreprésentation des peuples autochtones dans le système de justice pénale.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"63 1","pages":"23 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48000811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"#AbolishNCR: A Qualitative Analysis of Social Media Narratives around the Insanity Defense","authors":"Ilvy Goossens, M. Jordan, Tonia L. Nicholls","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2020-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2020-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article presents an analysis of social media posts by laypersons regarding a finding of Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) for Matthew de Grood after a high-profile trial in 2016 in Canada. From trial to verdict, a total of 4,991 tweets relating to the case were harvested from Twitter. Qualitative content analysis of 365 tweets by laypersons revealed three themes – largely equating the insanity defense to a legal loophole: (1) The case exemplified a misappropriation of the legal defense (e.g., due to privilege, due to the seriousness of the offence); (2) The perception existed that the NCRMD defence is a miscarriage of justice; (3) Many comments reflected a search for answers and justice. These embodied the ABCs of NCRMD: advocating, blaming, and clarifying. A need for public education about the forensic psychiatric system is evident; misconceptions about the insanity defence appeared pervasive. Further research could focus on the efficacy of knowledge translation over new media channels, such as Twitter.Résumé:Cet article présente une analyse de billets publiés sur les médias sociaux par des non-spécialistes au sujet de la déclaration de non-responsabilité criminelle pour cause de troubles mentaux (NRCTM) de Matthew de Grood après un procèstrès médiatisé en 2016, au Canada. Du procès au verdict, un total de 4991 gazouillis portant sur le dossier a été recueilli sur Twitter. Une analyse qualitative de contenu de 365 gazouillis écrits par des non-spécialistes a dévoilé trois thèmes – lesquels mettent au même niveau la défense fondée sur les troubles mentaux et un vide juridique : (1) La cause était un exemple de l’abus de la défense légale (p. ex. à cause de privilèges, à cause du caractère sérieux du crime) ; (2) Une perception que la défense NRCTM était un déni de justice ; (3) De nombreux commentaires démontraient une quête de réponses et de justice : Les fondements de la NRCTM : plaider, accuser et clarifier. Le besoin d’un enseignement public au sujet du système de psychiatrie légale est évident ; des idées fausses au sujet de la défense fondée sur les troubles mentauxsemblaient répandues. Plus de recherche pourrait mettre l’accent sur l’efficacité du transfert des connaissances sur les nouveaux canaux médiatiques, comme Twitter.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"63 1","pages":"46 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47362685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“We’re Not Where We Should Be”: Enhancing Law Enforcement Responses to Hate Crime","authors":"Barbara Perry, Kanika Samuels-Wortley","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.2020-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2020-0057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In an era when reported hate crimes are increasing dramatically, it is troubling that there appears to be, at best, an uneven response to the problem from law enforcement in Canada. Our pilot study of policing hate crime in Ontario is the first attempt to understand whether and how law enforcement think about and act on hate crime. Interviews with officers in eight police forces across eastern and southern Ontario (N = 38) uncovered three clusters of factors that appear to shape how they manage hate crime: environmental, organizational, and individual. What we offer in this paper is a series of related recommendations for enhancing police responses to hate crime along each of the three dimensions.Résumé:À une époque où les crimes haineux rapportés augmentent de façon importante, il est troublant qu’il semble y avoir, au mieux, une réponse inégale au problème parmi les services policiers du Canada. Notre étude pilote de la surveillance policière des crimes haineux en Ontario est la première à tenter de comprendre si les services de police pensent aux crimes haineux, s’ils agissent face à ces crimes et comment ils le font. Des entrevues auprès d’agents de police dans huit services de police dans l’est et le sud de l’Ontario (N = 38) ont mis au jour trois groupes de facteurs qui semblent façonner la manière dont il gère les crimes haineux : environnemental, organisationnel et individuel. Cet article offre une série de recommandations reliées pour améliorer la réponse policière aux crimes haineux dans chacune des trois dimensions.","PeriodicalId":46586,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice","volume":"63 1","pages":"68 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49606426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}