Social Science History最新文献_第3页

The Politics of Time: The Political Origins of Working-Time Regulation 时间政治：工作时间管制的政治渊源

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.18

M. Rasmussen

{"title":"The Politics of Time: The Political Origins of Working-Time Regulation","authors":"M. Rasmussen","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2023.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Towards the end of the nineteenth century, leisure was reserved for the few. By the end of the twentieth century, however, most workers had a regulated normal working time of 40 or fewer hours per week, annual paid leave, and overtime compensation. In this paper, I investigate which political parties brought forth these changes – which party constellations supported or opposed working-time reforms and argue that sector and class differences drive party preferences. Lower-class and urban middle-class workers demanded regulation as demand for leisure increased with income. In contrast, employers and farmers opposed such reforms. Accordingly, the study argues that socialist and social-liberal parties were inclined to support leisure-securing working-time reforms, whereas conservative and farmer parties opposed them. Due to their linkages with workers and farmers, liberal parties may be divided into a rural constituency that tends to oppose working-time reforms and an urban constituency that supports them. I test these expectations using parliamentary data: 65 roll-call votes from Norway between 1880 and 1940, combined with analysis of major reforms and legislative appeals. Finally, I undertake a generalization test using country-level reform data from 33 democracies between 1880 and 2010. Results generally fall in line with expectations, and the pattern is stable over time.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44209359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Spatial Configuration of Segregation, Elite Fears of Disease, and Housing Reform in Washington, D.C.’s Inhabited Alleys 隔离的空间结构，精英对疾病的恐惧，以及华盛顿特区居民区的住房改革

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.19

Carolyn B. Swope

{"title":"The Spatial Configuration of Segregation, Elite Fears of Disease, and Housing Reform in Washington, D.C.’s Inhabited Alleys","authors":"Carolyn B. Swope","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2023.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2023.19","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the early 1900s, Washington, D.C. contained many alleys in the interior of blocks inhabited by impoverished Black residents. Elite reformers engaged in an aggressive campaign to eliminate alleys, on the grounds of their purported unsanitary environment and high disease prevalence. In this paper, I combine quantitative, qualitative, and spatial sources to explore new perspectives on segregation, public health, and the racialized efforts of housing reformers during this period. I find that reformers overstated the horrors of conditions in alleys and their effects on residents’ health: poorer health among alley residents was in large part due to Black residents’ marginalization wherever they might live. Alleys’ status as racialized space, coupled with progressive paternalistic racism, facilitated the discursive construction of alleys as pathological “breeding grounds of disease.” Further, my findings shed new light on micro-configurations of segregation within racially mixed neighborhoods, as well as the social experience and meaning of such configurations. Far from indicating harmonious coexistence, the proximity of such alleys to white homes and institutions spurred elite Washingtonians’ self-interested fear of disease spreading beyond the alleys. Thus, this pattern of segregation helps explain the zeal of the campaign to eradicate alleys: as a means of achieving separation from undesired Black neighbors whom white reformers associated with contagion.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47521687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Local Housing Market in the Great Depression 大萧条时期的地方住房市场

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.29

R. Harris

{"title":"A Local Housing Market in the Great Depression","authors":"R. Harris","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2023.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2023.29","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Housing figures prominently during economic crises, a notable example being the Great Depression. Because housing is immobile, its market is very localized. In each city, the main agents are closely interconnected. Lenders depend on mortgaged homeowners and landlords to maintain payments; landlords rely on tenants; municipalities need all property owners to pay taxes. The Depression experiences of tenants, homeowners, and federal housing programs are well-appreciated; those of landlords and private lenders much less so. Considering the role of all agents, this case study of Hamilton, Ontario, focuses on owners and private lenders and asks who lost property, to whom, and how. Drawing on land registry and property tax records, city directories, and newspaper accounts, it documents the pattern and trajectory of defaults experienced by homeowners, landlords, and private lenders. Contemporaries and historians have used foreclosures as a measure of distress, but many borrowers defaulted voluntarily. The experience of Hamilton’s homeowners was similar to those in U.S. cities. Local landlords experienced higher rates of defaults than homeowners; private lenders foreclosed less often than lending institutions. Along with municipalities, both learned to be flexible in demanding payments. The high incidence of private mortgages, the stability of lending institutions, and the marginal role of the federal government were distinctively Canadian, but in general Hamilton’s experience is more broadly indicative.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46760239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatal Years: Background and Aftermath 致命的岁月:背景和后果

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.10

S. Preston, M. Haines

引用次数: 0

SSH volume 47 issue 3 Cover and Front matter SSH第47卷第3期封面和封面

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.20

引用次数: 0

SSH volume 47 issue 3 Cover and Back matter SSH第47卷第3期封面和封底

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.21

引用次数: 0

“The Magic of Numbers is Strong”: Hobson v Hansen and Contested Social Science in Judicial Decision Making “数字的魔力是强大的”:霍布森诉汉森案和司法决策中有争议的社会科学

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.16

Keith McNamara

{"title":"“The Magic of Numbers is Strong”: Hobson v Hansen and Contested Social Science in Judicial Decision Making","authors":"Keith McNamara","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2023.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2023.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hobson v. Hansen (1967) is best known as the first federal court case to rule against discriminatory use of standardized tests in the context of educational tracking. It was also significant as one of the first desegregation cases after Brown v Board of Education (1954) to use psychological evidence in its ruling. This essay briefly examines the debates over ability testing before Hobson, the contexts of post-desegregation D.C. educational politics that shaped the case, the social scientific evidence presented in the case, and its application to the court’s ruling. It argues that while scholars have correctly acknowledged the court’s mistaken assumptions about testing, the evidence presented of testing bias nevertheless cogently illustrated a broader constellation of discriminatory District practices. A review of the testimony suggests that while the psychological evidence was central to the court’s ruling, the opinion rested less on the resolution of social scientific debates over testing bias than it did on the need to determine the justification of ability testing in the context of District tracking practices. Although sweeping in scope, the decision did little to resolve long running disputes over ability testing. Instead, it only helped inaugurate a more heated and contentious legal environment for educational testing in the coming decades.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":"47 1","pages":"641 - 664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46374239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Response to My Readers 对读者的回应

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.25

G. Steinmetz

引用次数: 0

The Call for Further Research into the Coloniality of French Social Thought in George Steinmetz’s the Colonial Origins of Modern Social Thought 乔治·施泰因梅茨《现代社会思想的殖民起源》对进一步研究法国社会思想殖民性的呼唤

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.24

Alexandre I. R. White

引用次数: 0

The Great War and the Warfare–Welfare Nexus in British and French West African Colonies 英法西非殖民地的第一次世界大战和战争-福利关系

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.14

Carina Schmitt, A. Shriwise

{"title":"The Great War and the Warfare–Welfare Nexus in British and French West African Colonies","authors":"Carina Schmitt, A. Shriwise","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the Global North, mass warfare created a huge demand for social protection, pushing governments to provide income for invalids, war victims, and the survivors of fallen soldiers. Most European colonial powers, including France and Great Britain, recruited soldiers and other security forces not only from their metropoles but also from their colonies during both World Wars. However, the question of how mass warfare influenced social reforms in former colonies has not been systematically addressed, particularly with respect to how these influences varied across colonial powers. To begin to address this gap, this paper explores the warfare–welfare nexus in the context of British and French colonies of West Africa around World War I (WWI). The paper finds that, while Britain and France had similar overarching imperial and military objectives in West Africa of securing their colonies, enforcing order within them, and promoting commerce to increase profit, they went about achieving them very differently, with direct and indirect implications for social reforms after WWI. While only a first step, research on the distinct nature of the warfare–welfare nexus in colonial contexts is critical in order to historicize and close research gaps by widening and deepening our understanding of social policy trajectories in countries of the Global South.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":"47 1","pages":"565 - 584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47158058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0