Social Science History最新文献_第2页

The Swiss Patrician Families between Decline and Persistence: Power Positions and Kinship Ties (1890–1957) 衰落与坚守之间的瑞士贵族家庭：权力地位与亲属关系（1890-1957 年）

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2024.6

Pierre Benz, Pedro Araujo, Geoffroy Legentilhomme, André Mach, Steven Piguet, Michael A. Strebel, Emilie Widmer

{"title":"The Swiss Patrician Families between Decline and Persistence: Power Positions and Kinship Ties (1890–1957)","authors":"Pierre Benz, Pedro Araujo, Geoffroy Legentilhomme, André Mach, Steven Piguet, Michael A. Strebel, Emilie Widmer","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2024.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2024.6","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarship demonstrated the major role of inheritance and kinship for elite’s power reproduction, particularly among noble families. In the absence of monarchic and court structures, ruling classes that enjoyed privileges and engaged in social closure could become the functional equivalent of a nobility. In this paper, we examine the evolution of the power of Swiss patrician families in the three major Swiss cities (Basel, Geneva, and Zurich) since the end of the nineteenth century and assess whether urban oligarchies endure in the twentieth century and what role kinship ties play in the reproduction of power structures. Building on a systematic database of 5,199 urban elites who hold power positions in the main economic, political, academic, and cultural institutions, we describe the evolution of Swiss patrician families between 1890 and 1957. Using social network, kinship, and sequence analysis, we provide a comprehensive investigation of the Swiss patrician elite’s evolution at both the individual and the family level. Our analyses show a general decline of patrician families’ presence in urban positions of power, however with significant variations according to both the cities and the spheres of activity. Furthermore, we identify distinct trajectories of families who have either lost their access to power positions, managed to access again or have remained in urban power positions according to different survival strategies. Beyond the Swiss case, we contribute to the literature on power and kinship through an interdisciplinary approach combining historical and sociological perspectives.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comments on J. Bradford DeLong’s Slouching Toward Utopia 对 J. Bradford DeLong 的《蹒跚走向乌托邦》的评论

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2024.15

Jari Eloranta

引用次数: 0

Science, Technology, and Utopia 科学、技术与乌托邦

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2024.14

E. Merchant

引用次数: 0

Power and Organization in the Making of the Long Twentieth Century: A Response to J. Bradford DeLong’s Slouching Towards Utopia: An Economic History of the Twentieth Century 漫长二十世纪形成过程中的权力与组织：对布拉德福特-德隆（J. Bradford DeLong）《蹒跚走向乌托邦》的回应：二十世纪经济史

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2024.13

Barry Eidlin

引用次数: 0

Turning points in leadership: Ship size in the Portuguese and Dutch merchant empires 领导力的转折点：葡萄牙和荷兰商业帝国的船舶规模

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2024.7

Claudia Rei

引用次数: 0

Power and alterity: Depictions of the Vascones from antiquity to the middle ages 权力与变革：从古代到中世纪对瓦斯科内人的描述

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2024.8

Asier H. Aguirresarobe

{"title":"Power and alterity: Depictions of the Vascones from antiquity to the middle ages","authors":"Asier H. Aguirresarobe","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2024.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2024.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article undertakes an examination of the origins and evolution of a discourse of alterity against the Vascones –the alleged forefathers of the Basques – and other Western Pyrenean peoples from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. The methodology employed involves the study of literary references made to these peoples, which are then compared to recent scholarly and archeological evidence. Through this analysis, it becomes possible to evaluate the accuracy of these mentions and interpret them within their specific historical context. The results of this research indicate that mentions of the Vascones during this timeframe were mainly polemic in nature and lacked substantial grounding in empirical reality. Instead, it seems that the underlying objective of these narratives of alterity was twofold: to enhance the social and political standing of their authors and to support their claims to political control over the Western Pyrenees. The abandonment of these interpretative repertoires during the tenth century, coinciding with the emergence of the kingdom of Pamplona and the county-duchy of Wasconia, further emphasizes the connection between the display of these tropes and imbalances in political power between the region and its neighbors. The conclusions of this article directly challenge the underpinnings of discourses that depict the ancient Vascones as entirely alien to the political and religious paradigms derived from the Roman and Christian traditions. In so doing, it thus confront narratives about these “ancient Basques” that are prevalent in contemporary Basque cultural production.</p>","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140098987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compared to what?: Setting American political development in comparative context 与什么相比？将美国政治发展置于比较背景中

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2024.5

Robert C. Lieberman

引用次数: 0

Tale of a Missed Opportunity: Japan’s Delay in Implementing a Value-Added Tax 错失良机的故事：日本延迟实施增值税的故事

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2024.1

Ryotaro Takahashi

{"title":"Tale of a Missed Opportunity: Japan’s Delay in Implementing a Value-Added Tax","authors":"Ryotaro Takahashi","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2024.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2024.1","url":null,"abstract":"While a value-added tax (VAT), which supports a welfare state, was officially introduced in Japan in 1989, earlier attempts to implement this tax system failed. This study looks in-depth at why Japan was slower than other countries to implement a VAT. The tax authorities’ debates during the 1960s and 1970s are reviewed to understand why other attempts to introduce a VAT failed. Implementing the VAT would require a shift from the ideology centering on a direct tax to acceptance of indirect taxes and justification for a general consumption tax’s superiority over specific consumption taxes. Four influential factors are identified. First, in 1960, the ideology centering on a direct tax made a VAT inherently inferior. Second, in the 1968, “Break Fiscal Rigidification Campaign” created a revenue-neutral path for indirect tax increases but favored specific consumption taxes. Third, the Fundamental Issues Subcommittee conceptualized “high benefit/high cost” in the early 1970s and established the VAT’s superiority over specific consumption taxes based on a study of overseas travel to European Commission countries. However, the VAT was abandoned due to external shocks. Fourth, the attempts to link the VAT with fiscal reconstruction in the late 1970s faced strong opposition from consumers, small businesses, and the ruling party. Failure to introduce the VAT in the 1970s eliminated the possibility of using it to raise taxes in the early 1980s. The findings reveal that Japan’s failure to introduce the VAT closed a door to a “high benefit/high cost” type of Western-style welfare state.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Field Meets Context 实地与背景

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.26

Charles Camic

引用次数: 0

U.S. Animal Disease Policies and Human Health Debates 美国动物疾病政策与人类健康辩论

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.35

Alan L. Olmstead, Paul W. Rhode

引用次数: 0