Metaphor and Symbol最新文献_第8页

How Idioms Are Recognized when Individuals Are “Thrown Off the Track”, “Off the Rack” or “Off the Path”: A Decision Time Experiment in Healthy Volunteers 当个体“偏离轨道”、“偏离框架”或“偏离道路”时，如何识别习语：健康志愿者的决策时间实验

IF 1.1 3区文学

Metaphor and Symbol Pub Date : 2021-06-28 DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2021.1907184

Matthias Sandmann, Sabine Weiss, H. Mueller

{"title":"How Idioms Are Recognized when Individuals Are “Thrown Off the Track”, “Off the Rack” or “Off the Path”: A Decision Time Experiment in Healthy Volunteers","authors":"Matthias Sandmann, Sabine Weiss, H. Mueller","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2021.1907184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2021.1907184","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Figurative elements in language have their own particularities, including words that deviate from their generally accepted definition to amplify our language or to paraphrase an issue. It is still unclear how individuals process idioms that are figurative or ambiguous, especially when they additionally become distracted by modified idioms that are similar in appearance. In our study, 47 healthy adults (mean age of 27.3 years, SD = 2.9) participated in a decision time experiment to determine how participants recognize well-formed, genuine German idioms alongside certain idiom modifications. All participants were initially exposed to a prime on a screen. Then, they had to detect the target idiom, which was presented alongside a systematically modified phonematic or semantic idiom. Using generalized linear mixed model regression analysis, we found that decisions related to a semantically modified idiom were made faster than decisions related to a phonematically modified idiom. The accuracy of correctly identifying an idiom was high (> 95%), regardless of the type of prime. Our findings indicate that complex idiomatic structures are more easily recognized when individuals are exposed to semantically modified idioms. Semantic information can be mapped onto the concept of the genuine idiom more quickly, which requires fewer mental resources.","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2021.1907184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47349506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why is Semantic Change Asymmetric? The Role of Concreteness and Word Frequency and Metaphor and Metonymy 为什么语义变化是不对称的？具体性、词频、隐喻和转喻的作用

IF 1.1 3区文学

Metaphor and Symbol Pub Date : 2021-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2021.1945419

Bodo Winter, M. Srinivasan

引用次数: 7

The Hero’s Journey and Three Types of Metaphor in Pixar Animation 《英雄之旅》与皮克斯动画中的三种隐喻

IF 1.1 3区文学

Metaphor and Symbol Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2021.1919490

A. Prokhorov

{"title":"The Hero’s Journey and Three Types of Metaphor in Pixar Animation","authors":"A. Prokhorov","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2021.1919490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2021.1919490","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite the fact that cinema and animation have common features, one of the fundamental differences between them is that animation uses metaphors much more freely. This current study explores this feature of animation and analyzes how the use of metaphors affects the narrative and plot structure of full- and short-length animation. The study is based on the narrative analysis of eight films made by Pixar Animation Studio, as a successful company that produces both full- and short-length animated films. The concept of monomyth, which was formulated by Joseph Campbell, in 1949, and had a significant impact on the contemporary film industry, allows me to describe the structure of each of the selected examples. Such a formal approach to describing the plot structure, in turn, makes it possible to trace the impact of the extended metaphor on these plots. As a result, this study reveals and describes three main types of creative metaphors in the context of storytelling: supportive, action-forming and destructive. It appears that the supportive metaphor is used in all of the examined films, while action-forming and destructive metaphors relate to short-length animation only. The individual features of using these types of metaphors in full- and short-length animation are revealed in the concluding parts of the research.","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2021.1919490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47529123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Influence of Speaker Pitch on Inferring Semantic Valence 说话人音高对推理语义价的影响

IF 1.1 3区文学

Metaphor and Symbol Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2021.1875322

Hayden Barber, Torsten Reimer

引用次数: 1

Irony and Sarcasm 讽刺与讽刺

IF 1.1 3区文学

Metaphor and Symbol Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2021.1887707

N. Banasik-Jemielniak

引用次数: 1

Back to the Poem: A Call for A Special Issue on the Poetics of Metaphor 回到诗:隐喻诗学专刊的呼唤

IF 1.1 3区文学

Metaphor and Symbol Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2021.1898098

Herbert L. Colston, Carina Rasse, A. Katz

引用次数: 0

Duration as Length Vs Amount in English and Spanish: A Corpus Study 英语和西班牙语中时长与量的关系：语料库研究

IF 1.1 3区文学

Metaphor and Symbol Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2021.1887706

Daniel Alcaraz Carrión, Javier Valenzuela

{"title":"Duration as Length Vs Amount in English and Spanish: A Corpus Study","authors":"Daniel Alcaraz Carrión, Javier Valenzuela","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2021.1887706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2021.1887706","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Previous psycholinguistic studies have suggested that English and Spanish express temporal duration through different metaphors. English tends to use the time-as-length metaphor (e.g. I have been waiting for a long time), while Spanish prefers the time-as-quantity metaphor (e.g. he esperado mucho tiempo; ‘I have waited much time’). However, these results conflated two different construals: the temporal duration construal, which can use length or quantity metaphors, (e.g. long time, that didn’t last much time) and the time-as-a-resource construal, which mostly employs quantity metaphors (e.g. you spent too much time). This study confirms through corpus linguistic data that English favors the time-as-length metaphor when expressing temporal duration, while it favors the time-as-quantity metaphor when expressing the time-as-a-resource construal. On the other hand, Spanish employs the time-as-quantity metaphor both in the duration and the resource construal. In addition, English shows a higher frequency of time-as-resource expressions, while Spanish shows a higher frequency of duration metaphors. This difference might be explained by the fact that English has been classified as a monochronic culture, conceptualizing time as a valuable object, while Spanish is a polychronic culture, categorizing time in a more abstract and flexible way.","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2021.1887706","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45425161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Is the Social Unrest like COVID-19 or Is COVID-19 like the Social Unrest? A Case Study of Source-target Reversibility 社会动荡像新冠肺炎还是新冠肺炎像社会动荡？源-目标可逆性的实例研究

IF 1.1 3区文学

Metaphor and Symbol Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2021.1887708

D. Tay

{"title":"Is the Social Unrest like COVID-19 or Is COVID-19 like the Social Unrest? A Case Study of Source-target Reversibility","authors":"D. Tay","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2021.1887708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2021.1887708","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hong Kong is undergoing two overlapping crises: social unrest over anti-government protests, and COVID-19. The media has linked these events in both objective and subjective ways. While some liken the social unrest to COVID-19, others do the opposite. This is an intriguing real-world instance of source-target reversibility with interchangeable source and target resulting in two apt variants. This paper reports a survey study of the links between crisis perceptions and the aptness of metaphor variants. Participants (N = 93) rated 30 matched items on the effects of both crises on trust in governance, interpersonal relations, the economy, physical/mental health, and Hong Kong’s future. This determined, for each participant, a correlation coefficient reflecting perceived structural similarity, and absolute/raw difference scores reflecting perceived substantive similarity of the crises. They then explained which (or neither) of two constructed headlines depicting the SOCIAL UNREST as COVID-19 or COVID-19 as the SOCIAL UNRESTwas more apt. Logistic regression analyses showed that i) metaphor aptness was predictable from structural but not substantive similarity, and ii) the worse crisis was preferred as source domain, but only for its more experientially concrete aspects. The study exemplifies socio-culturally situated’ theoretical investigation and how metaphor research can shed light on crisis perceptions.","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2021.1887708","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49303586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

A metaphor is not like a simile: reading-time evidence for distinct interpretations for negated tropes 隐喻不像明喻：阅读时间证据，对否定的比喻进行不同的解释

IF 1.1 3区文学

Metaphor and Symbol Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2021.1882258

C. Roncero, R. G. de Almeida, Laura Pissani, I. Patalas

{"title":"A metaphor is not like a simile: reading-time evidence for distinct interpretations for negated tropes","authors":"C. Roncero, R. G. de Almeida, Laura Pissani, I. Patalas","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2021.1882258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2021.1882258","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies have suggested that metaphors (Lawyers are sharks) and similes (Lawyers are like sharks) have distinct representations: metaphors engender more figurative and abstract properties, whereas similes engender more literal properties. We investigated to what extent access to such representations occurs automatically, during on-line reading. In particular, we examined whether similes convey a more literal meaning by following the metaphors and similes with explanations that expressed either a figurative (dangerous) or a literal property (fish) of the vehicle. In a self-paced reading with a moving window paradigm, we presented participants with negated simile and metaphor main clauses (Lawyers are not (like) sharks) followed by explanations that also negated either a figurative (because lawyers are not dangerous) or a literal property of the vehicle (because lawyers are not fish). We found that vehicles (sharks) in metaphors were read significantly faster than those in similes. In addition, explanations negating a figurative property were read faster after metaphors, whereas explanations negating a literal property were read faster after similes. These results support the hypothesis that metaphors and similes rely on different interpretive processes, suggesting that similes access literal representations while metaphor access figurative ones in real time.","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2021.1882258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49055291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Factors that Influence the Processing of Noun-Noun Metaphors 影响名词隐喻加工的因素

IF 1.1 3区文学

Metaphor and Symbol Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2020.1843970

Juana Park, Faria Sana, Christina L. Gagné, T. Spalding

{"title":"Factors that Influence the Processing of Noun-Noun Metaphors","authors":"Juana Park, Faria Sana, Christina L. Gagné, T. Spalding","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2020.1843970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2020.1843970","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We analyzed the processing of noun-noun metaphors (e.g., velvet lips), which have been relatively understudied, compared to other types of figurative expressions, such as X is Y metaphors (e.g., Her lips are velvet) and similes (e.g., Her lips are like velvet). Experiment 1 revealed that noun-noun metaphors are semantically comparable to X is Y metaphors and similes, in the sense that the figurative meaning stays the same across these three different formats (e.g., participants agree to similar degrees that Lips are velvet, Lips are like velvetand velvet lips all mean that lips are soft). Experiment 2 showed that noun-noun metaphors behave similarly to compound words: In the same way that compound words with semantically opaque heads (e.g., jailbird ) are processed slower than compounds with transparent heads (e.g., strawberry ), noun-noun phrases with metaphorical heads (e.g., relationship patch ) are processed slower than noun-noun phrases with literal heads and metaphorical modifiers (e.g., bandaid solution). Experiment 3 determined that noun-noun metaphors behave similarly to X is Y metaphors: In the same way that X is Y metaphors require the inhibition of irrelevant features (e.g., Some barrels are wooden interferes with the interpretation of Some stomachs are barrels because the former activates irrelevant features of barrel that later need to be suppressed), noun-noun metaphors also involve inhibition (e.g., jean patch interferes with the interpretation of relationship patch because the former activates certain features of patch, such as being made of cloth, that are irrelevant for the proper comprehension of the noun-noun metaphor).","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2020.1843970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48596019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0