Critical Studies on Terrorism最新文献

{"title":"Mindsets and narratives: A commentary on Quassim Cassam's <i>Extremism</i>.","authors":"Naomi Kloosterboer","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2082095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2082095","url":null,"abstract":"In his newest book, Extremism (Cassam 2022), philosopher Quassim Cassam brings together and analyses many different concepts in extremism studies, such as ideology, violence, radicalisation, grievances, counternarratives, fanaticism, radicalism, and fundamentalism. Central to the book is the distinction between three different types of extremism: ideological, methods, and psychological extremism. This distinction illuminates the different ways in which the term is used and can be used to identify an extremist. In this commentary, I question what I consider to be Cassam’s predominantly individualistic approach to becoming and being an extremist. I will first focus on one of the types – psychological or mindset extremism – and question its relation to (counter-) extremist narratives. Next, I draw attention to Cassam’s emphasis on the role of epistemic agency instead of the role of social or structural factors in radicalisation processes, and argue that conceptualising agency as situated diminishes the dichotomy between these different explanations.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"15 4","pages":"1026-1031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/23/43/RTER_15_2082095.PMC9639581.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40464610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Suspect, Counterterrorism, Islam and the Security State","authors":"S. Nabi","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2099059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2099059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"14 1","pages":"1050 - 1054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87546762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: the philosophical foundations of the study of extremism – A symposium on Quassim Cassam’s Extremism","authors":"R. Peels","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2082090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2082090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"92 1","pages":"1023 - 1025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87334110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing “violence-affirming extremism”: a Swedish social problem trajectory","authors":"Mattias Wahlström","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2094540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2094540","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Violent extremism has internationally become an established and highly prioritised social problem. While there is extensive and ongoing international diffusion and coordination, there are national specificities in terms of meanings conferred to this social problem and to the processes of its establishment in the public sphere. In this article, the trajectory of the Swedish notion of “violence-affirming extremism” is studied through an analysis of the coverage of “extremism” in national media from 1995 to 2019. It is argued that the introduction of the term “violence-affirming extremism” constituted a novel social problem frame established and institutionalised during the period 2008–2019. This process was driven to a large extent by terrorist events domestically and abroad, instilling a sense of drama and urgency. Whereas the new frame merged Islamist, left-wing and right-wing extremism as part of the same phenomenon, there were also differences in terms of perceived causes and solutions. Islamist extremism received the majority of mentions and was associated with the highest proportion of control-oriented solutions, such as legislation, policing and surveillance. These types of solutions remained salient throughout the latter part of the period, while other solution types appeared to lose momentum as the problem became institutionalised.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"46 1","pages":"867 - 892"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74054655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: gender and the governance of terrorism and violent extremism","authors":"A. Rothermel, Laura J. Shepherd","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2101535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2101535","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Several global governance initiatives launched in recent years have explicitly sought to integrate concern for gender equality and gendered harms into efforts to counter terrorism and violent extremism (CT/CVE). As a result, commitments to gender-sensitivity and gender equality in international and regional CT/CVE initiatives, in national action plans, and at the level of civil society programming, have become a common aspect of the multilevel governance of terrorism and violent extremism. In light of these developments, aspects of our own research have turned in the past years to explore how concerns about gender are being incorporated in the governance of (counter-)terrorism and violent extremism, and how this development has affected (gendered) practices and power relations in counterterrorism policymaking and implementation. We were inspired by the growing literature on gender and CT/CVE, and critical scholarship on terrorism and political violence, to bring together a collection of new research addressing these questions.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"19 1","pages":"523 - 532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74461574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender, race and Orientalism: The governance of terrorism and violent extremism in global and local perspective","authors":"Dr Penny Griffin, Dr Maryam Khalid","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2100576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2100576","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, we investigate two complementary elements of the Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (P/CVE) agenda. The first concerns the ways in which race and gender structure the logics of the multilateral counterterrorism landscape that has taken form since the adoption of UNSC Resolution 2178 in September 2014. The second traces how this global discourse in turn shapes local dynamics, specifically in relation to the reproduction of P/CVE discourse in Australian national P/CVE strategy. We argue that the ways in which the governance of terrorism and violent extremism can be imagined discursively, in practical, material form, is shaped by co-constitutive racialised and gendered assumptions, logics, and representations. We pay particular reference, at the global level, to the post-2014 landscape at the United Nations, and its implications for the reproduction of gendered, racialised and orientalist governance logics at the local level, in the Australian context. We demonstrate that race and gender together mould the governance of terrorism and violent extremism and its range of practices. We work, especially, to extend the knowledge base of critical research on race and gender in the governance of terrorism and violent extremism, and to contribute to decolonising neoliberal global governance.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"27 1","pages":"559 - 584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75837871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"O sister, where art thou? Assessing the limits of gender mainstreaming in preventing and countering violent extremism in Mali","authors":"Laura Berlingozzi","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2101536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2101536","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Where and how are women present in preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) in Mali? The article contributes to the scholarship on gender in P/CVE policies by shedding light on the misalignments between societal dynamics and the discursive framework adopted in the security strategies implemented. It investigates how the European Union as a security-oriented actor, (re)produces practices of exclusion rather than inclusion. Relying on a large set of semi-structured interviews gathered during extensive fieldwork, it aims at understanding the conceptualisation – and the gaps therein – of gender mainstreaming by asking: how does the EU translate gender mainstreaming and WPS into practice in the context of P/CVE practice? And, in turn, how do local actors perceive these efforts? The article finds that the implementation of gender mainstreaming has two main sets of limitations which overall reinforce inequalities: first, it homogenises women’s identities and fails at meaningfully reaching rural areas; second, while including some gender considerations about restrictions of women’s agency, it falls short of achieving its overarching aim, which should be truly empowering women by subverting patriarchal structures and systems of inequal power-sharing. In doing so, this study intends to contribute to feminist security studies literature by exploring centre-periphery gaps and differences in the framing of women’s empowerment within P/CVE.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"7 1","pages":"659 - 680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79018828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Counter-terrorism laws and freedom of expression: global perspectives","authors":"Anastassiya Mahon","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2093885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2093885","url":null,"abstract":"The editors open the first chapter of this book with a catchy heading: “Uncertain Times for Freedom of Expression”. Indeed, we can see the tendency for freedom of expression to be sacrificed for assumed security, stability, and safety. Counter-terrorism Law and Freedom of Expression challenges such attitudes, presenting well-researched and meticulously laid out case studies of countries and counterterrorism approaches that make the reader wonder if the sacrifice we make to feel safe is too great. The book starts with a necessary discussion of the definitional problems of terrorism and goes on to present various legal approaches to counterterrorism envisioned and enacted around the world. Counter-terrorism Law and Freedom of Expression goes further in its arguments than some preceding scholarships, as the authors argue that terrorism can (and should) be seen as communication. Workneh and Haridakis see terrorism as “an act performed, consumed, and conducted primarily through mediated com-munication” (11). This approach allows the authors to employ a constructivist take on terrorism, adding to the growing body of critical security literature. The book represents a methodically curated account of global perspectives on counterterrorism laws and freedom of expression that impact journalism, political activism and dissent, and citizenry in different political systems. The book will be of particular interest to scholars seeking to broaden their knowledge of counterterrorism legislation and their respec-tive problems around the world, especially in non-Western settings. The editors have chosen to be transparent in reflecting on biases in terrorism and counterterrorism studies, as well as in the field of media and communication, by challenging the mainstream counterterrorism scholarship and dominant western approaches, which makes this a refreshing read. The reader will find the book taking a critical look at several fundamental concepts of counterterrorism, such as national security, the nature of the terrorist threat, and the process of creating and maintaining marginalised communities as part of the counterterrorism agenda.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"2 7-8 1","pages":"757 - 758"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85774811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The long way round: how the war on terror influenced the politics of international legitimacy and Indonesia’s military action in Aceh","authors":"Megan Price","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2089398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2089398","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores how the war on terror influenced the politics of international legitimacy and domestic military action in the case of Indonesia’s armed conflict with separatist group, Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM, 2003–05). It does so by examining how the Indonesian government justified their military operation to Australian and US audiences. I offer two findings on the role of the war on terror in the politics of international legitimacy. First, context mediated how Indonesian leaders used the language of terror to legitimise their conflict to foreign audiences. Indonesian leaders were not able to hail GAM into the role of “terrorist”, but they were able to invoke the spectre of terrorist hotspots by portraying GAM as a threat to regional stability. Second, Indonesia’s justifications show that they perceived an obligation to other rules and norms. While the war on terror was influential, it did not monopolise the politics of international legitimacy. The article adopts a constructivist approach to legitimacy to provide a theoretically informed account of these dynamics.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"28 1","pages":"846 - 866"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90525714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White feminism and the governance of violent extremism","authors":"Laura J. Shepherd","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2089401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2089401","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Initiatives to prevent and counter “violent extremism” (P/CVE) are often highly individualised and individualising, and function to reinforce negative racialised and gendered stereotypes. Recently, some feminist and other critical scholars have argued that sexist and misogynistic beliefs are inter-related with other drivers of “radicalisation” and “extremism”, which may lead to the securitisation of forms of sexist and misogynistic violence. There has not yet been, however, a systematic examination of the ways in which even some of these critical and feminist interventions are complicit in the reproduction of the logics of gender and race that structure the oppression and violence they take as their target. In this paper I argue that there is a powerful brand of governance feminism informing P/CVE global governance initiatives that has little consideration of the distributed effects of this move on the operation of racialised and gendered power. I position governance feminism as a sub-category of white feminism and show that it is specifically white feminism that is dominant in the institutions of liberal governance relevant to P/CVE. I draw on Black, decolonial, and intersectional feminist theory to show how the gendered subjects of P/CVE governance are often presented as race-neutral, in deeply problematic and limiting ways.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"79 1","pages":"727 - 749"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74829335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}