Critical Studies on Terrorism最新文献_第7页

War on terror 2.0: threat inflation and conflation of far-right and white supremacist terrorism after the capitol “Insurrection” 反恐战争2.0:国会大厦“暴动”后的威胁膨胀和极右翼和白人至上主义恐怖主义的合并

IF 1.2

Critical Studies on Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2115218

Jacob Zenn

{"title":"War on terror 2.0: threat inflation and conflation of far-right and white supremacist terrorism after the capitol “Insurrection”","authors":"Jacob Zenn","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2115218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2115218","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines more than 100 scholarly, think-tank, government, and media reports and three data-sets and finds that since the 6 January 2021 Capitol “insurrection”, War on Terror (WoT) 2.0 is conflating far-right, white supremacist extremism (WSE), and other terminologies, which have superseded “Islamic extremism” on the U.S government’s radar. Further, distinctions are not being recognised between violent and anti-violent far-right/WSE groups, and especially ideologues, and it is far from certain this phenomenon is “global”, “rising”, or comparable to ISIS. Perpetrators of WoT 2.0 terminological conflations and threat inflations are inter-related and mutually reinforcing, be they media, academics, think-tanks, or government officials, and are continuing WoT 1.0’s legacy, which exhibited its own set of inflations and conflations after 9/11. This article employs primary sources extensively and critical approaches to identify and remedy existing problems in studying far-right/WSE terrorism and proposes policies to more effectively address the rare and primarily “lone actor” lethal attacks of such terrorists while reducing potentialities for repeating WoT 1.0’s excesses.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"24 1","pages":"62 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73742242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Understanding Africa’s terrorism debacle: a critical analysis of counterterrorism in Burkina Faso 理解非洲的恐怖主义溃败:对布基纳法索反恐的批判性分析

IF 1.2

Critical Studies on Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2121365

F. K. Atta

{"title":"Understanding Africa’s terrorism debacle: a critical analysis of counterterrorism in Burkina Faso","authors":"F. K. Atta","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2121365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2121365","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite Burkina Faso’s emergence as a strong player in terrorism activity in Africa, the country is practically overlooked by Critical Terrorism Studies scholarship. This article is framed at the intersection of Critical Terrorism Studies and Postcolonialism, investigating how a “critical” examination of the terrorism situation in Burkina Faso could advance our knowledge of terrorism in Africa. In-depth interviews were conducted with senior military officers and security practitioners in and out of Burkina Faso. These interviews, together with political speeches and media reports, were analysed using Critical Discourse Analysis. The study found a bifurcated counterterrorism policy in Burkina Faso with overdependence on “sticks” approaches, yet without the funds or morale to implement them. This is, however, not unique to Burkina Faso, as countries like Nigeria and Kenya have also struggled with the ineffective use of force to tackle terrorism violence. The article argues that the Western-centric post-9/11 global discourse on terrorism transposed and patronised a kind of uncritical terrorism knowledge to African spaces, effectively contributing to the lack of progress in addressing the incessant violence. It recommends to African policy makers to rethink counterterrorism from African philosophical standpoints, view preponderant terrorism knowledge more critically, and adopt context-specific measures against terrorism violence.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"13 1","pages":"23 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79927742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Lived realities and local meaning-making in defining violent extremism in Kenya: implications for preventing and countering violent extremism in policy and practice 定义肯尼亚暴力极端主义的生活现实和当地意义:在政策和实践中预防和打击暴力极端主义的影响

IF 1.2

Critical Studies on Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2121021

F. A. Badurdeen, Sahla Aroussi, Michaelina Jakala

{"title":"Lived realities and local meaning-making in defining violent extremism in Kenya: implications for preventing and countering violent extremism in policy and practice","authors":"F. A. Badurdeen, Sahla Aroussi, Michaelina Jakala","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2121021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2121021","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Violent extremism is an ambiguous and politically loaded concept, and – at the national level – the parameters used to define it are usually framed by the state, powerful ruling elites, and members of the international community, either directly or indirectly through donor-funded projects. Although different types of violent extremism and extremist movements exist in Kenya, donors and the state often focus on religiously-inspired groups such as Al-Shabaab, the Islamic State, Al-Qaeda, and affiliated networks such as the Al-Muhajiroun, Al-Hijra, and Jaysh Al-Ayman. However, at a community level, participants in our body map workshops highlighted gang violence, police brutality, ethnically motivated violence, marginalisation, discrimination, and gender-based violence as priorities in defining violent extremism. We conclude that constructions of violent extremism at the local level are shaped by lived experiences of everyday insecurities influenced by gender, ethnicity, social status, location, and interactions with the state. To effectively address violent extremism in Kenya and beyond, its definition needs to be contextualised in ways that take into consideration local perspectives and everyday experiences of violence and insecurity.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"16 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85877695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Intersubjective body mapping for reintegration: assessing an art-based methodology to promote reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters 重新融入社会的主体间身体映射:评估一种基于艺术的方法，以促进外国恐怖主义战斗人员重新融入社会

IF 1.2

Critical Studies on Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2119678

Tina Mykkanen

{"title":"Intersubjective body mapping for reintegration: assessing an art-based methodology to promote reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters","authors":"Tina Mykkanen","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2119678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2119678","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research investigates the use of an artistic methodology to explore embodied experiences related to the reintegration of returning Foreign Terrorist Fighters (FTFs). The methodology combines bodily, sensory and cognitive aspects of individual and intersubjective processes – dimensions which have long been neglected in research on reintegration. The research seeks to examine how the artistic body mapping methodology can be used in exploratory and participatory research aiming to promote the reintegration of returning FTFs. The intersubjective body mapping methodology, developed as part of this research, is used and assessed in order to explore its utility for advancing dialogue in addressing challenges related to the reintegration process, including understanding and trust, as experienced by returning FTFs, community members and security personnel in Mombasa, Kenya. The research confirms that the use of intersubjective body mapping is a powerful tool in the context of reintegration, as it serves to enhance understanding for the self and others, which correlates with trust, while allowing for communicating empirical knowledge beyond conventional means.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"35 1","pages":"988 - 1022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76340784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

“You are no longer cubs, you are now lions”: examining the constructed masculinities of Islamic State child executioners and their victims “你们不再是幼崽，你们现在是狮子”:审视伊斯兰国儿童刽子手及其受害者的男性气质

IF 1.2

Critical Studies on Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2116155

Gina Vale

{"title":"“You are no longer cubs, you are now lions”: examining the constructed masculinities of Islamic State child executioners and their victims","authors":"Gina Vale","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2116155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2116155","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Integral to its military and state-building activities, the Islamic State (IS) terrorist organisation recruited and mobilised large numbers of children into its ranks. The group’s propaganda publications showcase the commitment and skills of its young male militants, with footage focused on training in weapons handling and hand-to-hand combat. Marketed as a potent weapon against IS’ enemies, a sub-set of propaganda videos foregrounds the role of boys in the ultra-violent executions of hostages. This article presents analysis of 20 official IS propaganda videos released between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2018, in which 71 boys conducted on-camera executions on behalf of the group. Data presented include the setting and method of killing; the profile and “charge” of the victim; and the boy’s nationality, age group, and “justifications” for their acts. Highly staged, these violent displays frame and constitute the status of the young IS “cub” and the adult male hostage as symbols of their respective societies, values, and masculinities. The author examines the juxtaposition of the two figures and their constructed positions in IS’ ideological, military, and masculine hierarchy.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"50 1","pages":"823 - 845"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85588643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Radicalisation, counter-radicalisation and countering violent extremism in the Western Balkans and the South Caucasus: the cases of Kosovo and Georgia 西巴尔干和南高加索的激进化、反激进化和打击暴力极端主义:以科索沃和格鲁吉亚为例

IF 1.2

Critical Studies on Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2111777

A. Russo, E. Selenica

{"title":"Radicalisation, counter-radicalisation and countering violent extremism in the Western Balkans and the South Caucasus: the cases of Kosovo and Georgia","authors":"A. Russo, E. Selenica","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2111777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2111777","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Scholarly attention is emerging on the globalisation and proliferation of initiatives and measures in the fields of counter-radicalisation and countering violent extremism (Hayes and Kundnani 2018). A multitude of international actors endeavour to provide security norms and governance standards in that respect, including international and regional organisations, donor communities, transnational/global networks as well as non-governmental actors, informal coalitions, platforms and think tanks. This article aims at mapping and analysing how such many-sided assemblages function along European peripheries, more specifically, in two under-studied countries, Kosovo and Georgia, where several international actors are involved in projects to prevent and counter radicalisation and violent extremism. The study will contrast and compare externally driven efforts of countering violent extremism and radicalisation, and trace the interests and agendas pursued by different international actors operating in the Western Balkans and the South Caucasus. Moreover, it will analyse how the concepts of radicalisation and extremism and measures to counter them have been specifically “localised” in Kosovo and Georgia, as well as grounded and embedded in their specific socio-political contexts and normative frameworks.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"8 1","pages":"963 - 987"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82675218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strategic exclusion, co-option and containment: towards an integrative theory of state-CSOs relations 战略排斥、合作选择与遏制:走向国家与公民社会组织关系的一体化理论

IF 1.2

Critical Studies on Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2111776

E. Njoku

{"title":"Strategic exclusion, co-option and containment: towards an integrative theory of state-CSOs relations","authors":"E. Njoku","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2111776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2111776","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although there have been attempts to theorise state-Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) relations in the Counter-Terrorism (CT) context, including the “co-option and containment” and “duality of coercion” perspectives, these two-way articulations have failed to account for the range of strategic options open to the state in regulating CSOs. This study presents the framework of Strategic Exclusion, Co-option and Containment (SECC) to underscore the general patterns of state engagement of CSOs in the context of CT. It mapped secondary evidence in 19 countries and used three illustrative case studies (Australia, Uganda and Russia) to examine the elements of SECC, namely, states’ exclusion of CSOs in law and policymaking on CT, the use of strategic ambiguity in enacting and interpreting CT laws, delegitimizing or criminalising advocacy and influencing the transformation of CSOs into state adjutants. This pattern of engagement with CSOs is transforming voluntary and associational life in precarious ways. The article advances the Copenhagen School and rational-actor model of global strategic decision-making, and contributes to discourses on the closing of civic spaces, democratic recession and the resurgence of authoritarianism. It lays a foundation for generalisable theory and future empirical research on state behaviour towards CSOs in the context of violence, conflict, and security.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"9 1","pages":"917 - 944"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81600216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Counterterrorism and just intelligence, an oxymoron? The ethical analysis of internment without trial in Northern Ireland 反恐和情报，矛盾吗?北爱尔兰未经审判拘留的伦理分析

IF 1.2

Critical Studies on Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2116154

Eleanor Leah Williams

{"title":"Counterterrorism and just intelligence, an oxymoron? The ethical analysis of internment without trial in Northern Ireland","authors":"Eleanor Leah Williams","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2116154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2116154","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Northern Ireland is used as a case study internationally, from how to deal with terrorism to initiating peace processes. Internment was the first state action of the Troubles that was conducted throughout the whole of Northern Ireland. The general consensus surrounding internment is that it was a failure. But, was it ethical? Were there some “good” elements to internment? What specific parts of internment should the UK tell other states to avoid? Or was the whole practice, from start to finish, unethical? This article attempts to make these lessons clearer by analysing internment through an ethical lens. To do so, it uses the Just Intelligence framework proposed by Mark Phythian and David Omand. It argues that overall, internment was unethical. Whilst internment was properly authorised, it is mostly unethical because it was not proportionate, it was not necessary in the rural areas, it failed to discriminate, the intention behind it was dubious and it was ultimately unsuccessful. Internment exacerbated the conflict by fuelling the PIRA with recruits; shifted the conflict from being urban-based to a nation-wide conflict; alienated Nationalists against the security services; and tarnished the local and global reputation of the UK government.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"7 1","pages":"42 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78799707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

“Islamic terrorism” in New Zealand? The John Key Government, Counterterrorism, and the “Islamic terrorism” Narrative 新西兰的“伊斯兰恐怖主义”?约翰·基政府、反恐和“伊斯兰恐怖主义”叙事

IF 1.2

Critical Studies on Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2096079

Tim O’Farrell

{"title":"“Islamic terrorism” in New Zealand? The John Key Government, Counterterrorism, and the “Islamic terrorism” Narrative","authors":"Tim O’Farrell","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2096079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2096079","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The presence of the “Islamic terrorism” narrative in New Zealand (NZ) counterterrorism, including its impact on NZ’s response to terrorism, has not been accorded the concern it merits. In the aftermath of the Christchurch Mosque attacks on 15 March 2019, the NZ government, the Royal Commission of Inquiry, and the media unreservedly agreed that NZ’s counterterrorism approach was misguided and erroneous. Central to this erroneous approach was the narrative of “Islamic terrorism” – the subject of this study – which sought to focus NZ’s counterterrorism efforts almost exclusively upon Islamic groups and individuals. The research employs a methodology of discourse analysis to examine how John Key’s National Party government drew on the “Islamic terrorism” narrative in its counterterrorism discourse. It then illustrates how this discourse manifested in NZ’s response to terrorism, both domestically and internationally, including in the introduction of new legislation. The primary purpose of this article is to demonstrate, and subsequently critique, the “Islamic terrorism” narrative as adopted in the Key government’s counterterrorism discourse and response. A major finding of the research is the Key government’s conflation, and at times virtual equalisation, of terrorism with “Islamic terrorism”. The concept of emancipation is proposed as an alternative to NZ’s erroneous counterterrorism approach.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"40 1","pages":"893 - 916"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74182920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Extremism: a philosophical analysis by Quassim Cassim: a review 《极端主义:卡西姆的哲学分析》述评

IF 1.2

Critical Studies on Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2082092

Tahir Abbas

{"title":"Extremism: a philosophical analysis by Quassim Cassim: a review","authors":"Tahir Abbas","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2022.2082092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2022.2082092","url":null,"abstract":"The first and most important thing that I would say is that I am extremely grateful to the conference organisers, and in particular Dr Rik Peels, for providing me with an opportunity to read the book and to provide some input on some of its topics. I was at once intrigued by the many ways in which different sorts of extremism are characterised in this book, and this continued throughout the book. Examples include the contrast between tactics extremism, ideological extremism, and psychological extremism as a valuable framework for working through ideas that are about the application, techniques, and mindsets concerning those that might interest us as extremists, among other things. These themes are explored in-depth, and the philosophical ramifications of the application in context are discussed for all who are interested in its meaning in practice – and, in some cases, what can be done to alleviate it in working through these conceptualisations. But what is interesting is how there are synergies between all the themes explored. In other words, extremism does not exist in a vacuum – and as argued by Cassam, we are talking about violent extremism here, rather than extremism in general – because not all extremism is violent. And what matters to us as social and philosophical thinkers, as well as those involved in policymaking, is how to deal with the most concerning form of extremism, which is extremism that poses a threat to our national security.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"13 1","pages":"1032 - 1037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83903662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1