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Formal Philosophy and Legal Reasoning: The Validity of Legal Inferences 形式哲学与法律推理:法律推理的有效性
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Logique et Analyse Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/LEA.234.0.3159742
Clayton Peterson, J. Marquis
{"title":"Formal Philosophy and Legal Reasoning: The Validity of Legal Inferences","authors":"Clayton Peterson, J. Marquis","doi":"10.2143/LEA.234.0.3159742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/LEA.234.0.3159742","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present paper is to introduce a method to test the validity of legal inferences. We begin by presenting the rationale of our method and then we expose the philosophical foundations of our analysis. If formal philosophy is to be of help to legal discourse, then it must first reflect upon the law's fundamental characteristics that should be taken into account. Our analysis shows that (Canadian) legal discourse possesses three fundamental characteristics which ought to be considered if one wants to represent the formal structure of legal arguments. These characteristics are the presupposed consistency of legal discourse, the fact that there is a hierarchy between norms and obligations to preserve this consistency and the fact that legal inferences are subjected to the principle of deontic consequences. We present a formal deontic logic which is built according to these characteristics and provide the completeness results. Finally, we present a semi-formal method (based on the proposed deontic logic) to test the validity of legal inferences. This paper contributes to the literature insofar as it provides a method that covers a portion of the intuitive validity of legal inferences which is not covered by other frameworks.","PeriodicalId":46471,"journal":{"name":"Logique et Analyse","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88372060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The ‘green cheese’ and ‘red herring’ problems reconsidered : Epistemological versus methodological tasks for philosophers of science 重新思考“绿奶酪”和“红鲱鱼”问题:科学哲学家的认识论与方法论任务
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Logique et Analyse Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/LEA.231.0.3141819
Raoul Gervais, E. Weber, J. Bouwel
{"title":"The ‘green cheese’ and ‘red herring’ problems reconsidered : Epistemological versus methodological tasks for philosophers of science","authors":"Raoul Gervais, E. Weber, J. Bouwel","doi":"10.2143/LEA.231.0.3141819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/LEA.231.0.3141819","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we show that the so-called \"green cheese\" and \"red herring\" problems, which have been raised in connection to Bas van Fraassen's pragmatic theory of scientific explanation, lead to two theoretical (or epistemological) tasks for philosophers of science and two practical (or methodological) tasks. After clarifying these tasks we argue that the theoretical tasks are extremely difficult. We are pessimistic about their accomplishment and motivate this. The practical/methodological tasks are easier to handle, and we make some substantial contributions with respect to these tasks. Finally, we compare our practical/methodological results to Kareem Khalifa's hands-on contextualism.","PeriodicalId":46471,"journal":{"name":"Logique et Analyse","volume":"40 1","pages":"433-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81153536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
1. Truth ascriptions, falsity ascriptions, and the paratactic analysis of indirect discourse 1. 真假归因与间接语篇的意合分析
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Logique et Analyse Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/9783110687538-001
S. Tsohatzidis
{"title":"1. Truth ascriptions, falsity ascriptions, and the paratactic analysis of indirect discourse","authors":"S. Tsohatzidis","doi":"10.1515/9783110687538-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110687538-001","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper considers certain obviously valid types of inferences involving indirect speech reports, and argues that their validity is incompatible with Davidson’s so-called “paratactic” analysis of the logical form of such reports (Davidson 1969). It further claims that this particular failure of the Davidsonian analysis has a special significance for Davidson’s overall project of using what he terms a “Tarski-style” truth theory as a theory of natural language meaning (Davidson 1967): that project assumes that grasp of the concepts of truth and falsity is essential to natural language interpretation, yet Davidson’s analysis cannot characterize as valid certain natural language inferences whose recognition as valid is arguably constitutive of one’s grasp of the concepts of truth and falsity.","PeriodicalId":46471,"journal":{"name":"Logique et Analyse","volume":"54 1","pages":"527-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74469295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ockhamism and Quantified Modal Logic 奥克汉主义与量化模态逻辑
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Logique et Analyse Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/LEA.231.0.3141814
Andrea Iacona
{"title":"Ockhamism and Quantified Modal Logic","authors":"Andrea Iacona","doi":"10.2143/LEA.231.0.3141814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/LEA.231.0.3141814","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines a formal account of tensed sentences that is consistent with Ockhamism, a view according to which future contingents are either true or false. The account outlined substantively differs from attempts that have been made so far to provide a formal apparatus for such view, in that it does not involve some expressly modied version of branching time semantics. The system on which it is based is the simplest quantified modal logic.","PeriodicalId":46471,"journal":{"name":"Logique et Analyse","volume":"15 1","pages":"355-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83449760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Health, Food, and Science 健康，食品和科学
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Logique et Analyse Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2143/LEA.228.0.3078180
J. D. Winter, Laszlo Kosolosky
{"title":"Health, Food, and Science","authors":"J. D. Winter, Laszlo Kosolosky","doi":"10.2143/LEA.228.0.3078180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/LEA.228.0.3078180","url":null,"abstract":"We offer several new arguments for the view that existing research agendas in the health sciences and the agricultural sciences are morally deficient. More specifically, the following kinds of distortion of the agenda are discussed: in the health sciences, the health problems of the poor are more or less neglected, as well as non-medicinal solutions to health problems, and in the agricultural sciences, insufficient attention is paid to agroecology. We justify the claim that these three kinds of distortion are problematic on ethical grounds, showing that they are  moral  failures. Instead of starting from one ethical theory to show this, we present different ethical justifications, based on different ethical theories (Bentham’s utilitarianism, Rawls’s theory of justice, Pogge’s rights-based account of minimal justice, Kitcher’s ethical theory, and classical liberalism). This should make our conclusion (i.e. that the distorted research agendas in the health sciences and the agricultural sciences pose a moral problem) at least initially convincing to adherents of different ethical theories.","PeriodicalId":46471,"journal":{"name":"Logique et Analyse","volume":"125 11 1","pages":"701-726"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80511455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Fixed Points for Consequence Relations 结果关系的固定点
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Logique et Analyse Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.2143/LEA.227.0.3053509
Toby Meadows
{"title":"Fixed Points for Consequence Relations","authors":"Toby Meadows","doi":"10.2143/LEA.227.0.3053509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/LEA.227.0.3053509","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a way of dealing with paradoxes associated with consequence relations via a generalisation of Kripke's fixed point technique. In particular, we focus on Beall and Murzi's paradox, although the framework outlined should have more general application. We first attempt to locate this problem among the existing corpus of semantic paradoxes. We then examine two canonical approaches to the issue and conclude with an inductive construction which, in some fashion, goes beyond those approaches.","PeriodicalId":46471,"journal":{"name":"Logique et Analyse","volume":"16 1","pages":"333-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72703055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Contradiction, Quantum Mechanics, and the Square of Opposition 矛盾、量子力学和对当方阵
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Logique et Analyse Pub Date : 2014-03-28 DOI: 10.2143/LEA.235.0.3170109
J. Arenhart, D. Krause
{"title":"Contradiction, Quantum Mechanics, and the Square of Opposition","authors":"J. Arenhart, D. Krause","doi":"10.2143/LEA.235.0.3170109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/LEA.235.0.3170109","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the idea that superpositions in quantum mechanics may involve contradictions or contradictory properties. A state of superposition such as the one comprised in the famous Schrodinger’s cat, for instance, is sometimes said to attribute contradictory properties to the cat: being dead and alive at the same time. If that were the case, we would be facing a revolution in logic and science, since we would have one of our greatest scientific achievements showing that real contradictions exist.We analyze that claim by employing the traditional square of opposition.We suggest that it is difficult to make sense of the idea of contradiction in the case of quantum superpositions. From a metaphysical point of view the suggestion also faces obstacles, and we present some of them.","PeriodicalId":46471,"journal":{"name":"Logique et Analyse","volume":"20 1","pages":"273-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78205857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Topos Semantics for Higher-Order Modal Logic 高阶模态逻辑的拓扑语义
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Logique et Analyse Pub Date : 2014-02-28 DOI: 10.2143/LEA.228.0.3078176
S. Awodey, K. Kishida, Hans-Christoph Kotzsch
{"title":"Topos Semantics for Higher-Order Modal Logic","authors":"S. Awodey, K. Kishida, Hans-Christoph Kotzsch","doi":"10.2143/LEA.228.0.3078176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/LEA.228.0.3078176","url":null,"abstract":"We define the notion of a model of higher-order modal logic in an arbitrary elementary topos E. In contrast to the well-known in- terpretation of (non-modal) higher-order logic, the type of propositions is not interpreted by the subobject classifier E, but rather by a suit- able complete Heyting algebra H. The canonical map relating H and E both serves to interpret equality and provides a modal operator on H in the form of a comonad. Examples of such structures arise from surjec- tive geometric morphisms f : F → E, where H = f∗F. The logic differs from non-modal higher-order logic in that the principles of functional and propositional extensionality are not longer valid but may be replaced by modalized versions. The usual Kripke, neighborhood, and sheaf seman- tics for propositional and first-order modal logic are subsumed by this notion.","PeriodicalId":46471,"journal":{"name":"Logique et Analyse","volume":"12 1","pages":"591-636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89362966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Information versus knowledge in confirmation theory 确认论中的信息与知识
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Logique et Analyse Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/LEA.226.0.3032652
Darrell P. Rowbottom
{"title":"Information versus knowledge in confirmation theory","authors":"Darrell P. Rowbottom","doi":"10.2143/LEA.226.0.3032652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/LEA.226.0.3032652","url":null,"abstract":"I argue that so-called ‘background knowledge’ in confirmation theory has little, if anything, to do with ‘knowledge’ in the sense of mainstream epistemology. I argue that it is better construed as ‘background information’, which need not be believed in, justified, or true.","PeriodicalId":46471,"journal":{"name":"Logique et Analyse","volume":"335 1","pages":"137-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75340270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Semantic minimalism for logical constants 逻辑常量的语义简约
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Logique et Analyse Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2143/LEA.227.0.3053513
F. Paoli
{"title":"Semantic minimalism for logical constants","authors":"F. Paoli","doi":"10.2143/LEA.227.0.3053513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/LEA.227.0.3053513","url":null,"abstract":"In [31], I defended a minimalist account of meaning for logical constants as a way to ward off Quine’s meaning variance charge against deviant logics. Its key idea was that some deviant propositional logics share with classical logic the operational meanings of all their connectives, as encoded in their sequent calculus operational rules, yet validate different sequents than classical logic — therefore, we can have genuine rivalry between logics without meaning variance. In his [19], Ole Hjortland levelled several objections at this view. The aim of this paper is to address these criticisms, highlighting at the same time the role played by logical consequence in this version of semantic minimalism.","PeriodicalId":46471,"journal":{"name":"Logique et Analyse","volume":"5 1","pages":"439-461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73442953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
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