Archaeology in Oceania最新文献

{"title":"The sailing performance of ancient Polynesian canoes and the early settlement of East Polynesia","authors":"Geoffrey Irwin,&nbsp;Richard G.J. Flay,&nbsp;Loughlin Dudley,&nbsp;Dilys Johns","doi":"10.1002/arco.5277","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arco.5277","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scholarly estimates and opinions of the sailing performance of ancient Pacific canoes vary widely. This paper measures performance by testing real sails in a wind tunnel and hulls in a towing tank. The sails were three East Polynesian Oceanic spritsails of late eighteenth century type, held by the British Museum, collected from New Zealand, Tahiti and Hawaii/Marquesas, which conform to the first historical records. Also tested was a hypothetical generic ancestral sail, and the Māori sail was tested in different ways to accommodate different views. Tests of hull form found that upwind sailing performance improved as underwater hull profile changed from U-shape to V-shape and some archaeological hulls can be assigned to this scale. Velocity prediction programs (VPPs) were calculated for a range of different canoes and simulated voyages by the fourteenth century AD archaeological canoe (<i>waka</i>) found at Anaweka, New Zealand retraced real voyages made by the experimental Polynesian replica canoe <i>Hōkūle'a</i> between 1980 and 2000, in the same recorded weather. Both canoes could average speeds of up to four knots and sail upwind at 75° to the true wind angle (TWA), as proposed by Lewis and Finney. The paper identifies a package of technological innovations involved in the settlement of East Polynesia following the “long pause” in Pacific settlement in West Polynesia. Two innovations previously suggested by linguistics were the Oceanic spritsail and the double canoe, and a third was the development of complex composite planked hulls and V-shaped underwater hull forms. East Polynesian canoes were capable of two-way voyaging and some migrations were planned, as in the case of New Zealand.</p>","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"58 1","pages":"74-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arco.5277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47364352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stone-flaking technology at Leang Bulu Bettue, South Sulawesi, Indonesia","authors":"Yinika L. Perston,&nbsp;Mark W. Moore,&nbsp;n.f.n. Suryatman,&nbsp;Basran Burhan,&nbsp;Budianto Hakim,&nbsp;n.f.n. Hasliana,&nbsp;Adhi Agus Oktaviana,&nbsp;Rustan Lebe,&nbsp;Irfan Mahmud,&nbsp;Adam Brumm","doi":"10.1002/arco.5272","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arco.5272","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Approximately 50000 stone artefacts have been recovered from the prehistoric site of Leang Bulu Bettue (LBB), on the Wallacean island of Sulawesi, in Indonesia. This large assemblage offers the opportunity to produce a large-scale, comprehensive model of the early lithic technologies of South Sulawesi. Through the analysis of half of this assemblage, this study identifies a technological shift between the artefacts produced ca.50–40 thousand years ago (ka) – the “Lower Industry” – and the “Upper Industry” artefacts produced ca.40–16 ka. The majority of the assemblage belongs to the Upper Industry, and these artefacts are associated with portable art, ornamentation, and the <i>Homo sapiens</i> remains reported in previous works. These Upper Industry artefacts are largely made on chert that was brought to the site, sometimes in the form of large flake blanks, which was further reduced within the cave and used for ochre and plant processing. Artefact reduction was strategic during this period, and the bipolar method was frequently used for controlled reduction of flakes of various sizes. This represents a shift from the technology seen on the small number of Lower Industry artefacts, recovered from the deeper deposits. The oldest lithic artefacts yet reported from the site were made on immediately available limestone pieces, which were reduced through least-effort and non-intensive flake removal dictated by the available platforms. This study is compared to an analysis of Pleistocene artefacts at the nearby site of Leang Burung 2, where a similar technological shift has been observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"57 3","pages":"249-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arco.5272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46015520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-evaluating the evidence for late-surviving megafauna at Nombe rockshelter in the New Guinea highlands","authors":"Gavin J. Prideaux,&nbsp;Isaac A. R. Kerr,&nbsp;Jacob D. van Zoelen,&nbsp;Rainer Grün,&nbsp;Sander van der Kaars,&nbsp;Annette Oertle,&nbsp;Katerina Douka,&nbsp;Elle Grono,&nbsp;Aleese Barron,&nbsp;Mary-Jane Mountain,&nbsp;Michael C. Westaway,&nbsp;Tim Denham","doi":"10.1002/arco.5274","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arco.5274","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The causes of the Late Pleistocene extinction of most larger-bodied animals on the Australian continent have long been controversial. This is due, in no small part, to inadequate knowledge of exactly when these species were lost from different ecosystems. The Nombe rockshelter in the highlands of Papua New Guinea is one of very few sites on Sahul with as-yet-unrefuted evidence for the survival of megafaunal species until more recently than 40 thousand years (ka) ago. However, our understanding of the age of this site has been based on radiocarbon dating. Here we present new U–Th ages on large marsupial specimens from the deposit and identify a range of postcranial elements to species that include the diprotodontid <i>Hulitherium tomasettii</i>, kangaroo <i>Protemnodon tumbuna</i> and thylacine <i>Thylacinus cynocephalus</i>. Direct U–Th ages of 27–22 ka ago on faunal remains of <i>Protemnodon tumbuna</i> and another large unidentified macropodid are consistent with the existing radiocarbon chronology, yet are minimum ages due to the potential for post-depositional uptake of ²³⁸U and stratigraphic reworking. Pollen analyses indicate perhumid, montane forests dominated by <i>Nothofagus</i> persisted, with minimal human disturbance from at least c.26–20 ka ago up to the terminal Pleistocene. Collagen fingerprinting (ZooMS) demonstrates the potential of protein-based identification of megafaunal remains at Nombe in the future. This study leaves open the possibility of extended coexistence between some megafaunal species in the montane rainforests of New Guinea and intermittently visiting groups of people, and underscores the need for further investigation of the Nombe deposit. Although preliminary, these findings reinforce the view that debates regarding megafaunal extinctions on Sahul require a greater appreciation of species-specific temporalities and the degrees of human impact on diverse habitats across the continent.</p>","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"57 3","pages":"223-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arco.5274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48504946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers or Hunter-Gatherers? The Dark Emu Debate By Peter Sutton and Keryn Walshe. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 2021 ISBN: 978-0-522-87785-4. pp. 264. AU $34.99","authors":"SIMON HOLDAWAY","doi":"10.1002/arco.5270","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arco.5270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"57 3","pages":"275-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41674712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeological Perspectives on Conflict and Warfare in Australia and the Pacific","authors":"Peter V. Lape","doi":"10.22459/ta54.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/ta54.2021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46677303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeological Perspectives on Conflict and Warfare in Australia and the Pacific edited by Geoffrey Clark and Mirani Litster. ANU Press, Terra Australis 54, 2022. pp. 266. ISBN 9781760464882. US $72.00.","authors":"PETER LAPE","doi":"10.1002/arco.5271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"57 3","pages":"274-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137718336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ScMo-350 site, Haumi, Moʻorea (Society Islands): Preliminary analysis of coastal occupation spanning the colonization phase to classic phase","authors":"Jennifer G. Kahn","doi":"10.1002/arco.5267","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arco.5267","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the Society Islands, multi-phase coastal sites with successive occupations spanning several centuries have been difficult to find and have been poorly studied, resulting in a vague understanding of this archipelago's founding cultural complex and its adaptations to specific island environments through time. Discovery and excavation of ScMo-350, a well-stratified coastal site in Haumi, Moʻorea, Society Islands, provides robust sample sizes for understanding the timing and function of early Māʻohi coastal settlements and their constellation of use through time. My discussion of the site focuses on four topics: methodological issues for identifying early colonization sites in Central Eastern Polynesia; site stratigraphy and dating; the timing of island colonization on Moʻorea and its comparison to the Faʻahia site on Huahine; and preliminary analysis of ScMo-350 sub-surface features and artifacts to understand site function and its change through time. Bayesian analysis of short-lived samples from ScMo-350's earliest deposits and those from the Faʻahia site are described in an effort to refine our understanding of the Society Islands’ Colonization Phase.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"57 2","pages":"73-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48286630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroCT scanning and direct AMS dating of charred sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) fragments from Nombe rockshelter in the highlands of Papua New Guinea","authors":"ALEESE BARRON,&nbsp;MARY-JANE MOUNTAIN,&nbsp;TIM DENHAM","doi":"10.1002/arco.5266","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arco.5266","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Here, we report on the results of microCT scanning and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating of fragments of charred archaeological parenchyma collected from surface deposits at Nombe rockshelter in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. Five fragments are taxonomically identified as sweet potato (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i>). Two subsamples from the largest fragment yield a combined AMS date range of c. 300–148 calBP (with median probabilities of 187 and 195 calBP respectively). Although post-dating European voyaging in the Indo-Pacific, these findings contribute to the corpus of information regarding the antiquity of sweet potato on the island of New Guinea.</p>","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"57 2","pages":"146-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arco.5266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45776719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irrigation, fortification, and the proto-historic settlement landscape of the Ndughore Valley, Kolombangara, Western Solomon Islands","authors":"PATRICK V. KIRCH,&nbsp;DOUGLAS E. YEN","doi":"10.1002/arco.5269","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arco.5269","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Archaeological sites in the Ndughore Valley of Kolombangara Island in the New Georgia group of the western Solomon Islands were investigated in 1971. The sites include formerly-irrigated pondfield terrace complexes in the valley bottom, ridgetop residential hamlets and specialised ritual sites. The presence of European material culture such as trade beads, clay pipes, glass, a musket barrel and iron axe head all indicate that these sites were occupied and utilised during the nineteenth to early twentieth centuries, a turbulent period marked by increased inter-island raiding and head-hunting as well as by trade with Europeans. The residential hamlets and ritual sites are situated in defensible positions on ridgetops, while one site was extensively modified for musket warfare. Ancestor shrines at the residential sites are consistent with a widespread New Georgia cultural tradition, containing shell exchange valuables indicating that the Kolombangara community was linked into a larger exchange network.</p>","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"57 2","pages":"127-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45320189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latte in the Marianas: By the Community, For the Community By Kelly G. Marsh (Taitano) and Jolie Liston. The Latte in the Marianas: Art, Icon, and Archaeology Project, Guam, 2021 ISBN: 978-0-578-52109-1. pp. 152. USD $65","authors":"JAMES M. BAYMAN","doi":"10.1002/arco.5268","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arco.5268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"57 3","pages":"273-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49149795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}