Christophe Sand, Jacques Bole, André-John Ouetcho, Sepeti Mararaba, Ratu Jone Balenaivalu, David Baret
{"title":"Nanaga Site of Wasavulu (Labasa, Fiji): Mapping of a Traditional Religious Site of Vanua Levu","authors":"Christophe Sand, Jacques Bole, André-John Ouetcho, Sepeti Mararaba, Ratu Jone Balenaivalu, David Baret","doi":"10.1002/arco.5348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5348","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pre-Christian religious sites of the Fijian Archipelago have been seldom studied and even less often mapped by archaeologists. This is especially the case for the enigmatic <i>Nanaga</i> enclosures, whose functioning has remained poorly documented by the first ethnographers of the 19th century. This paper describes one of these sites, located near Labasa town in the northwestern plain of the large island of Vanua Levu. After presenting one of the oral traditions associated with some of the uprights of this <i>Nanaga</i>, exemplifying long-distance chiefly networks, we describe the different elements of the double alignment of low platforms and related structures. These data are discussed in the wider context of anthropological and archaeological information published about the <i>Nanaga</i> sites and the rituals associated with them.</p>","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"60 1","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arco.5348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Short History of the School of Archaeology and Anthropology Celebrating the First 50 Years 1974–2024","authors":"David Frankel","doi":"10.1002/arco.5347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5347","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"60 1","pages":"71-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ROBERT HENDERSON, STUART BEDFORD, MATTHEW SPRIGGS, SALKON YONA, IARAWAI PHILLIP, RICHARD SHING, FRÉDÉRIQUE VALENTIN, CAITLIN HARVEY
{"title":"Kuwae, Epi and Tongoa Islands: Transformations of a volcanic landscape in central Vanuatu","authors":"ROBERT HENDERSON, STUART BEDFORD, MATTHEW SPRIGGS, SALKON YONA, IARAWAI PHILLIP, RICHARD SHING, FRÉDÉRIQUE VALENTIN, CAITLIN HARVEY","doi":"10.1002/arco.5346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5346","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a detailed overview of archaeological research undertaken on Epi and Tongoa, in central Vanuatu. These islands were previously connected to one another and respectively formed the western and eastern portions of Kuwae, one of the largest islands in the Vanuatu archipelago, until the catastrophic Tombuk volcanic eruption separated them in the mid-fifteenth century AD. Oral traditions and insights drawn from previous ethnographic, linguistic and genetic research provide context for the archaeological data. We begin to address questions about the extent to which impacts of the major Tombuk eruption were experienced across the entirety of the former Kuwae landmass, and the role of this and other volcanic events in the complex transformations of the physical and cultural landscapes of central Vanuatu.</p>","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"60 1","pages":"42-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arco.5346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A micro-geoarchaeological investigation of a cultivation pit (maite) on Teti'aroa atoll, Central-East Polynesia","authors":"Elisa Scorsini, Tim Denham, Emilie Dotte-Sarout, Yannick Devos, Luc Vrydaghs, Guillaume Molle","doi":"10.1002/arco.5345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5345","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cultivation pits represented the principal form of horticultural features developed by past atoll communities in Central-East Polynesia (CEP), and they are still utilised on some atolls in Oceania. The majority of information about the use of cultivation pits in CEP derives from ethnographic and preliminary archaeological investigations. The lack of excavations with rigorous stratigraphic sampling and analyses has constrained the recovery of environmental information associated with these agro-technical features. Using a combination of geoarchaeological techniques, including field observations, physico-chemical analyses and soil micromorphology, this study focuses on sedimentary deposits from a cultivation pit (MAITE-01) on Teti'aroa atoll, in the Society Islands. We demonstrate how micro-geoarchaeological investigations can advance research and offer new interpretations to study past human interactions within environments long considered “lost causes” to detailed archaeostratigraphic interpretation. High-resolution geoarchaeological techniques reveal details about pit construction and provide indirect evidence of the integration of human-animal interaction into the horticultural system.</p>","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"60 1","pages":"17-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arco.5345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aboriginal flood narratives and the thunder complex in Southeast Asia","authors":"Adam Brumm, Gregory Forth","doi":"10.1002/arco.5343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5343","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ancestors of the dingo were brought to mainland Australia around 4000 years ago by people who arrived by boat. The identity of these voyagers from the north, however, and the nature of their interactions with the Aboriginal population of Australia, are unknown. Here, we propose that Indigenous flood narratives from the Kimberley contain evidence for contact between Aboriginal people and early Asian seafarers in the form of the “thunder complex”. The latter is a very specific repertoire of taboos, rituals and stories that occurs widely among ethnographically known societies of Indonesia, the Philippines and peninsular Malaysia, but has not previously been identified in Australia. Among Southeast Asian groups, this cultural complex revolves around the idea that certain prohibited acts perpetrated against animals – especially “mocking” them by treating them as though they were human – precipitate a punitive storm and/or flooding. We show that in some oral traditions of the Kimberley region animal mockery is similarly held to be the causative agent behind disastrous flooding events that took place in the past creationary epoch. We contend that this localised Aboriginal variant of the thunder complex reflects an episode of close interaction with early Austronesian-speaking voyagers who introduced ancestral dingoes to mainland Australia, apparently via the Kimberley coast.</p>","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"60 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arco.5343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard Cosgrove, John Webb, Jillian Garvey, Jeff Theys, Rhys Jones
{"title":"The archaeology of eastern Lutruwita (Tasmania)","authors":"Richard Cosgrove, John Webb, Jillian Garvey, Jeff Theys, Rhys Jones","doi":"10.1002/arco.5341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5341","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fifty years have passed since the first systematic archaeological surveys and excavations were conducted in Lutruwita (Tasmania). Despite numerous Late Pleistocene archaeological discoveries in the southwest region, no indisputable pre-Holocene sites have been found in eastern Tasmania. This profound difference raises questions about how Aboriginal people utilised the Lutruwita landscape; first as a projecting peninsula into the Southern Ocean and then as an island cut off by rising seas c.14000 years ago.</p><p>To examine the difference between east and west further, legacy data excavated by one of us (RJ) in 1964 at the Oatlands OL1 site and stored at the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery (TMAG) has been analysed. The results of pXRF chemical analysis of artefact raw material, radiocarbon dating and studies of faunal remains have produced information that highlights the Holocene interaction between people in eastern Lutruwita. Despite the current lack of Late Pleistocene evidence from eastern Lutruwita, this pattern appears to be different from land use models for Late Pleistocene southwestern Lutruwita. With new information from the OL1 rock shelter site we can now contrast the Late Pleistocene hunting economics with the exceptionally well-preserved faunal remains found in the Holocene site, OL1.</p>","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"59 3","pages":"495-515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arco.5341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark Horrocks, Marshall I. Weisler, Quan Hua, Bronwen Presswell
{"title":"A new parasite discovery in Micronesia: eggs of the nematode Toxocara canis at archaeological sites on Ebon Atoll, Marshall Islands extend the known dog presence by c.600 years","authors":"Mark Horrocks, Marshall I. Weisler, Quan Hua, Bronwen Presswell","doi":"10.1002/arco.5342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5342","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Little is known of helminth parasites in Micronesia in archaeological contexts. This study presents a parasitological analysis of soil and sediment samples from Ebon Atoll in the Marshall Islands, eastern Micronesia. Microscopic eggs of the dog (<i>Canis lupus familiaris</i>) nematode <i>Toxocara canis</i>, which could have adversely affected the health of local people as well as their dogs, were found at two sites, in one example in habitation layers dated to 1830–1625 calBP (95% CI), extending the date for the known presence of dogs in the Marshall Islands by at least 600 years. This study represents the first confirmed evidence of pre-European helminth parasites in Micronesia. As similar Melanesian and Polynesian studies have previously been reported, the study also completes the initial, pre-contact helminth record for the three main island regions of Oceania.</p>","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"59 3","pages":"516-522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arco.5342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kia kōrerorero tonu ai: a review of the dialogue at the interface of Indigenous oral tradition and archaeology in Aotearoa New Zealand and Oceania","authors":"Isaac McIvor, Tom Roa, Waikaremoana Waitoki","doi":"10.1002/arco.5338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5338","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the previous theoretical interfaces of Indigenous oral tradition and archaeology in Oceania, specifically in Aotearoa (New Zealand). Historical processes of writing down <i>kōrero</i>, or oral histories, by amateur historians and ethnologists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, culminated in the romanticised traditions of the early Polynesian society and influenced contemporary archaeological scholarship. In response to criticisms, archaeologists attempted to validate <i>kōrero</i> using Western research methodologies. However, attempts often fell short and processual archaeologists of the mid-late-20th century considered oral tradition and archaeology as incapable of cross-validation. Parallel ethnological scholarship focused on the symbolism in oral histories as indicators of their function in contemporary society or as legitimate forms of recounting actual historical events after critical evaluation. More recent archaeologists use kōrero about the last few centuries like any other historical source. Māori scholars have taken inspiration from previous theoretical arcs to position <i>kōrero</i> in a postmodern space of relative truths or to critically analyse its historical and functional values. The review concludes with how the interface of oral history and archaeology might follow Kaupapa Māori research methodologies and current materialist critiques of dominant settlement pattern theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"59 3","pages":"422-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arco.5338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atholl Anderson, Lorena Becerra-Valdivia, Haidee Cadd, Christopher E. Marjo, Jonathan Palmer, Chris Turney, Janet M. Wilmshurst
{"title":"The age and position of the southern boundary of prehistoric Polynesian dispersal","authors":"Atholl Anderson, Lorena Becerra-Valdivia, Haidee Cadd, Christopher E. Marjo, Jonathan Palmer, Chris Turney, Janet M. Wilmshurst","doi":"10.1002/arco.5337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5337","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prehistoric Polynesian voyaging into high latitudes with landfall in Antarctica remains a widely credited proposition. We examine it through archaeological and environmental evidence from the Subantarctic region of the southwest Pacific, focussing upon an extensive archaeological site at Sandy Bay on Enderby Island. Combining a new set of radiocarbon ages with former, older, ages we show that the site is now within the same rapid expansion phase in which South Polynesia was first colonised. Radiocarbon ages across the site indicate a single continuous settlement, probably of some decades. Consideration of limiting factors in Subantarctic settlement, including of seafaring capability and critical resources, suggests that the site was about as far south as prehistoric habitation could be sustained and was probably vacated at the onset of the Little Ice age (LIA) in the late 14th century. An absence of prehistoric remains on islands further south also suggests that Polynesian exploration reached a boundary 2000 km short of Antarctica. The southern case is discussed briefly in the wider context of Polynesian expansion.</p>","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"59 3","pages":"479-494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arco.5337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forty Years in the South Seas: Archaeological Perspectives on the Human History of Papua New Guinea and the Western Pacific Region edited by Anne Ford, Ben Shaw, and Dylan Gaffney, pp. 435. ANU Press, Terra Australis 57, Canberra, 2024. ISBN: 9781760466442. Open Access Digital.","authors":"Peter Sheppard","doi":"10.1002/arco.5340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46465,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology in Oceania","volume":"59 3","pages":"523-525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}