International Journal of Urban Sciences最新文献_第5页

The reciprocal relationship between social capital and community development in a Korean Chinese enclave: the case of Daerim 2-dong in Seoul 韩中飞地社会资本与社区发展的互动关系——以首尔大林2洞为例

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Urban Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2134181

Hee-Jung Jun

{"title":"The reciprocal relationship between social capital and community development in a Korean Chinese enclave: the case of Daerim 2-dong in Seoul","authors":"Hee-Jung Jun","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2134181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2134181","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between social capital and community development as well as the interaction mechanism between different types of social capital in community development in a Korean-Chinese enclave in Seoul, Korea. For empirical analysis, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 community members in Daerim 2-dong, the largest Korean-Chinese enclave in Korea. The empirical analysis shows that as an input of community development, bonding, bridging, and linking capital all led to the improvement of both social and physical community environments. Furthermore, community development activities increase social capital by facilitating contact and interaction among community members. Additionally, bonding capital among the Korean Chinese was found to be a critical factor for developing bridging and linking capital in the community development process. These results suggest a two-way association between social capital and community development. Based on these findings, this study suggests that greater attention should be paid to the two-way association to promote a reciprocal relationship between social capital and community development in ethnically diverse communities. Moreover, the usefulness of bonding capital among migrants should be considered in community development.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"518 - 542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46068518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors influencing fatal vehicle-involved crash consequence metrics at spatio-temporal hotspots in South Korea: application of GIS and machine learning techniques 影响韩国时空热点地区致命车祸后果指标的因素：GIS和机器学习技术的应用

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Urban Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-16 DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2134182

R. Tamakloe, D. Park

{"title":"Factors influencing fatal vehicle-involved crash consequence metrics at spatio-temporal hotspots in South Korea: application of GIS and machine learning techniques","authors":"R. Tamakloe, D. Park","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2134182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2134182","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies have employed several techniques to identify the effect of individual risk factors influencing crashes at hotspot locations. Nevertheless, as crashes are sometimes influenced by a combination of risk factors, identifying the chains of factors collectively contributing to fatal crashes at hotspot locations could provide added insights for improving traffic safety. By employing fatal crash data from Korea, this study identifies hotspots with increasing (critical) and decreasing (diminishing) temporal trends using a spatio-temporal hotspot analysis tool in GIS. Further, a machine learning technique is employed to explore the chains of factors influencing the number of vehicles and the number of casualties involved in fatal crashes at intersections and midblocks in each hotspot type identified. In general, results showed that minibuses/vans and construction vehicles were mainly at fault for fatal single-vehicle pedestrian-involved crashes. While many casualties and vehicles are likely to be involved in crashes at midblocks during the daytime regardless of the hotspot type, the nighttime variable was particularly associated with large casualty-size crashes at critical intersection hotspots. Further, while reckless driving was mostly associated with single-vehicle crashes at intersections in diminishing hotspots, pedestrian protection, and improper centreline crossing violations were more pronounced at midblocks in diminishing hotspots. This analysis identified groups of factors that could be collectively controlled to improve road safety and proposed countermeasures to mitigate fatal crashes on roadways.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"483 - 517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42220046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The effects of antecedent dry days and land use types on urban runoff quality in a semi-Arid region 半干旱区前期干旱日数和土地利用类型对城市径流质量的影响

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Urban Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2114928

Shahokh Soltaninia, L. Taghavi, S. Hosseini, B. Motamedvaziri, S. Eslamian

{"title":"The effects of antecedent dry days and land use types on urban runoff quality in a semi-Arid region","authors":"Shahokh Soltaninia, L. Taghavi, S. Hosseini, B. Motamedvaziri, S. Eslamian","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2114928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2114928","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study simulated the effects of land-use changes on runoff pollution in a catchment of Tehran, Iran. The catchment has a semi-arid climate, a relatively long period from dry summer to rainy autumn and highly varying precipitation levels. Urban runoff samples were collected from six stations including five different land-based activities and a mixed land-use, which supported all land-use types. Event Mean Concentration (EMC) was applied to determine the Nonpoint Source (NPS) pollution of urban runoff such as Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP) and heavy metals, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb), in five land-uses. Sampling was performed during five events with different Antecedent Dry Days (ADDs) in time period 2019-2020. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was employed to simulate the quality of urban runoff base on measured EMCs in each event for the different parameters under investigation and the average of measured EMCs. The results illustrated that that the maximum and minimum amount of EMCs were pertained to the events with 115 and 1 dry days respectively. While, daily simulation of runoff pollution based on measured amount of EMCs in the catchment indicated that the calibration criteria such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Normalized Objective Function (NOF), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and R 2 were very good for the minimum amount of EMCs and satisfactory for the average of EMC`s calculated, NSE values was not satisfactory for the maximum amount of EMCs. Uncertainty of ADDs can significantly affect the results of the maximum EMC simulation. This study also found higher TSS and TP concentrations in runoff in open space land-use and significantly higher heavy metals and TN concentrations in runoff in the industrial land-use compared with other land-use types in the catchment.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"215 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44800495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Evaluating zone of influence for traffic-related emissions generated near bus stops: a case study in Nanjing, China 公交车站附近交通相关排放影响区评估——以南京市为例

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Urban Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2114929

Jianhua Song, Gang Ren, Jiefei Zhang, Zhaowen Qiu

{"title":"Evaluating zone of influence for traffic-related emissions generated near bus stops: a case study in Nanjing, China","authors":"Jianhua Song, Gang Ren, Jiefei Zhang, Zhaowen Qiu","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2114929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2114929","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The estimation of zone of influence (ZoI) at bus stops is the basis for accurately modelling vehicle emissions and assessing the exposure of pedestrians to airborne toxins at emission hotspot locations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in ZoIs for traffic-related emissions at different bus stops. An integrated approach coupling a traffic simulation model (VISSIM) with an emission model (MOVES) was implemented to estimate the vehicle emissions in ZoIs at bus stops for different scenarios. The results demonstrated that lane management mode and traffic conditions had a significant impact on vehicle emissions near different bus stops, and the emission factors (EFs) of pollutants were highest in the acceleration sublink. In addition, the length of the acceleration and queue sublinks mainly determined the length of the ZoIs of bus stops. Owing to the stop-and-go condition, the average contribution of CO, PM2.5, and PM10 towards the ZoI at curbside bus stop and bus bay without exclusive bus lane was significantly higher than under cruising condition. The sensitivity analysis also showed that the emission was more sensitive to acceleration than deceleration. Therefore, the emissions of the departure links for bus stops were significantly higher than those of the approach links. Commuters should reduce the long-time waiting at bus stops, wait downstream of bus stop when waiting for the bus stop, and the vehicles at the bus stop should accelerate slowly when leaving, which will all help to minimize the exposure of commuters to pollutants.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"280 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42361925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Neighbourhood rental market integration and private rent trajectories – evidence from the city of Vienna 邻里租赁市场整合和私人租赁轨迹——来自维也纳市的证据

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Urban Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2110144

Selim Banabak

{"title":"Neighbourhood rental market integration and private rent trajectories – evidence from the city of Vienna","authors":"Selim Banabak","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2110144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2110144","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The urban housing regime in Vienna is often regarded as one of the last integrated rental markets once described by Kemeny. Thus, according to the theory, private landlords should be forced to charge lower rents due to direct competition from the social sector. This paper formally tests this hypothesis on a very local level by linking private rent trajectories across Viennese subdistricts to their housing market structure while controlling for possible effects of location, initial prices and socioeconomic variation. Indeed significant evidence for a price dampening effect is found, as higher shares of limited-profit housing within the local rental market substantially increase the probability of a subdistrict joining a lower rent development path. However, the magnitude of the effect increases considerably for more peripheral locations associated to less demand pressure. A similar relationship is found for municipal housing, but with much lower impact, most likely due to comparatively stronger entry barriers. Thus this paper concludes a price dampening neighbourhood effect which varies with the openness of the social housing supply and the centrality of the location.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"239 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44613376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evolution of the smart city: three extensions to governance, sustainability, and decent urbanisation from an ICT-based urban solution 智能城市的发展：基于ICT的城市解决方案对治理、可持续性和体面城市化的三个扩展

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Urban Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2110143

Joonha Park, Seungho Yoo

{"title":"Evolution of the smart city: three extensions to governance, sustainability, and decent urbanisation from an ICT-based urban solution","authors":"Joonha Park, Seungho Yoo","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2110143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2110143","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The smart city, which emphasizes more effective urban management using information and communication technologies (ICT), now has greater implications. This paper first reviews the evolving features of the smart city focusing on its extension from an ICT-based urban solution to the domains of governance, sustainability, and decent urbanisation. Expectations and concerns about advanced ICT as an urban solution have formed a body of literature of civic governance with a focus on the citizen, which now incorporates a discussion of the democratic management of data. What made the smart city dominant in urban discourse is its merging with another leading discourse – that of the ‘sustainable city’ – in the early 2010s, which had the most popularity in the field since the 1990s. The boundary of the smart city extended further, representing the desire of emerging cities to provide core urban infrastructures with an expectation of economic growth in the mid-2010s. This paper then focuses on the implications of this widened sphere of the smart city. It aims to uncover how the concept of ‘smart city’ has evolved over time, leading to the conclusion of how the traditional values of urban studies are growing in the new sphere of the smart city and why it is currently important to consider the context-based local smart city and to develop affordable smart cities in future smart city practice and research.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"10 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45783861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

The origin of industrial workers and rural in situ urbanization in Temanggung Regency, Indonesia 印尼特芒贡县工业工人的起源与农村就地城市化

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Urban Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2097119

H. B. Wijaya, I. Buchori

引用次数: 1

The inception of housing pathways in urban China: the declining household formation of young adults from 2011 to 2017 中国城市住房路径的开端：2011-2017年年轻人家庭结构的下降

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Urban Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2093260

Zhou Yu, Michael Haan, Chengdong Yi

{"title":"The inception of housing pathways in urban China: the declining household formation of young adults from 2011 to 2017","authors":"Zhou Yu, Michael Haan, Chengdong Yi","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2093260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2093260","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The homeownership rate of young adults has surged to an unprecedented level in urban China, despite rising housing prices and significant rural-urban migration. A trend analysis of nationally representative microdata shows that household formation is the missing link in the paradox and that many young adults aged 18–44 have failed to form independent households from 2011 to 2017, thereby delaying the start of their housing pathways. When factors such as socioeconomic and institutional attributes are controlled for, age differences in household formation decrease as expected. However, the age differences grow surprisingly larger over the study period, reflective of reform-induced changes in resource allocation. Further analysis demonstrates significant heterogeneity in headship status. While local young adults are squeezing into homeownership, migrants are overrepresented in the relatively stunted rental sector. Thus, while migration has brought newcomers to urban China and kept the headship rates from falling even further, institutional barriers have blocked migrants’ housing pathways. Overall, the pace of change is breathtaking. There is a growing divergence in young adults’ housing pathways, which depends on the timing of market entry, institutional attributes, housing prices, and personal income.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"129 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41370646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of ‘sanctuary city’ policies on the local economy: empirical evidence from US counties “庇护城市”政策对地方经济的影响:来自美国各县的经验证据

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Urban Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2093261

I. Park, Burkhard von Rabenau, Zhe Hong

{"title":"The effects of ‘sanctuary city’ policies on the local economy: empirical evidence from US counties","authors":"I. Park, Burkhard von Rabenau, Zhe Hong","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2093261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2093261","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study derives the economic development effects of sanctuary city (SC) policies at the US county level using data from close to 3,000 counties between 2013 and 2017. A county is taken to provide sanctuary to undocumented immigrants if county jails do not accept ICE detainer requests, i.e. do not hold detainees beyond their original release dates. Endogeneity problems and fixed effects in the panel data are fully accounted for by combining coarsened exact matching with the fixed effects instrumental variables method. We can infer that SC policy probably is a significant driver of economic development. The results show that implementing an SC policy for 2.8–3.4 years lowers the unemployment rate by 0.18 percentage points, reduces wages by 1.6%, and increases housing prices by 5.5%, suggesting that these policies have positive effects on the local economy and can contribute to reversing economic declines in some jurisdictions. Highlights The economic development effects of sanctuary city (SC) policies are derived using data from about 3,000 counties between 2013 and 2017. Endogeneity problems and fixed effects are addressed by combining coarsened exact matching with the fixed effects instrumental variables method. Implementing an SC policy for 2.8–3.4 years lowers the unemployment rate by 0.18 percentage points, reduces wages by 1.6%, and increases housing prices by 5.5%. Immigrant-inclusive policies have positive effects on the local economy and can contribute to reversing economic decline.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"19 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48970517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The effects of proximities on the evolving structure of intercity innovation networks in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area: comparison between scientific and technology knowledge 邻近性对粤香港澳大湾区城际创新网络结构演变的影响——科技知识比较

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

International Journal of Urban Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2085154

Hai-long Ma, Xuanfang Xu

{"title":"The effects of proximities on the evolving structure of intercity innovation networks in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area: comparison between scientific and technology knowledge","authors":"Hai-long Ma, Xuanfang Xu","doi":"10.1080/12265934.2022.2085154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2085154","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The various knowledge flows shape and change the regional innovation patterns, which are also influenced by regional conditions. What are the similarities, differences and connections between science and technology linkage, as two different types of knowledge network, deserve to be explored in depth. Drawing on scientific paper co-publications and patent transfer data, we constructed two different types of intercity innovation networks during 2006–2016 in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), a city region special for its ‘one country, two systems’ structure. After that, we explored the evolutionary characteristics of the networks and further examined the different impacts of multidimensional proximity on scientific collaboration and technology transfer. Our results show that technology transfer is more sensitive to spatial factors, institutional barriers caused by ‘one country, two systems’ is a bigger obstacle to technology transfer between cities, cultural proximity and cognitive proximity have a more significant impact on paper cooperation network. Moreover, geographical proximity can indirectly affect knowledge spillover by acting on the proximity of other dimensions. As for scientific collaboration, social, cognitive and institutional proximities can compensate for the lack of geographical proximity, and cultural proximity frequently goes along with geographical proximity; as for technology transfer, geographical proximity has neither substitutional or complementarity relations with cultural and cognitive proximities, the interrelatedness between geographical and institutional and social proximities are complementarity which is opposed to paper co-publications. This study explores the differences in spillover mechanisms of different knowledge types and contributes to enriching the empirical framework of multidimensional proximities and innovation network researches.","PeriodicalId":46464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"390 - 413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48084730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4