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Marked Themes in academic writing: a comparative look at the sciences and humanities 学术写作中的标记主题：科学与人文科学的比较研究

IF 0.6 3区文学

Text & Talk Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1515/text-2022-0188

Alvin Ping Leong

{"title":"Marked Themes in academic writing: a comparative look at the sciences and humanities","authors":"Alvin Ping Leong","doi":"10.1515/text-2022-0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2022-0188","url":null,"abstract":"Differences between science writing and humanities writing often appear as glosses in guidebooks, but empirical studies comparing these two genres of writing are uncommon. This study investigated the use of a highlighting mechanism – the Hallidayan notion of the marked Theme (MT) – to understand how the sciences and humanities foreground contextual information, and what this implies about the nature of writing in these two broad disciplines. The corpus comprised 80 research articles, 40 each from the sciences and humanities. MTs were analyzed for their grammatical forms and functions using the Hallidayan framework. The findings revealed that while both genres of writing had roughly the same proportions of MTs used, they differed in their use of thematized clauses. More non-finite clauses were found in science writing, and more finite clauses in humanities writing. Science writing favored the use of Cause MTs, whereas humanities writing used more Contingency and Angle MTs. These findings suggest that science writing values brevity and authorial presence. Humanities writing, by contrast, prefers a more elaborate writing style, with a focus on establishing the conditions needed for the authors’ interpretations, and integrating the viewpoints from other scholars. Suggestions for further research involving other disciplines and multi-disciplinary fields of study are recommended.","PeriodicalId":46455,"journal":{"name":"Text & Talk","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139552503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Motivated signs and multimodal analysis in Gunther Kress’s semiotics 冈瑟-克雷斯符号学中的动机符号和多模式分析

IF 0.6 3区文学

Text & Talk Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1515/text-2022-0064

Bob Hodge

{"title":"Motivated signs and multimodal analysis in Gunther Kress’s semiotics","authors":"Bob Hodge","doi":"10.1515/text-2022-0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2022-0064","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article addresses the issue of motivated signs in semiotic theory and practice. It examines two influential versions of the term, Saussure’s and Kress’s, focussing on and triggered by Kress’s influence. It claims Kress’s importance lies not so much in theory as such, as in his analytic practice, multimodal analysis, as underpinned by this theory. Accordingly, it deploys a version of this practice on Kress as he is ‘doing theory’. It uses his late work Multimodality (Kress, Gunther. 2010. Multimodality. London: Bloomsbury) as the main source of examples of theory and objects of analysis, and applies a similar approach to Saussure. The outcome is a theoretically-informed corpus including many examples of motivated signs in use. From this empirical corpus the article makes some indicative generalizations about the role of these signs in semiotic practice. It shows how pervasive these signs are, and how important these are for analysis. It connects them with a crucial but under-researched aspect of all social uses of meaning, the modality meta-function (checking validity/modality of all semiotic acts), in which motivated signs play an essential role. It reveals a more complex Saussure, more complementary to Kress, and enables more powerful multimodal analyses of social meanings and functions of text and talk.","PeriodicalId":46455,"journal":{"name":"Text & Talk","volume":"50 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insincerity in lawyers’ questioning strategies in Malawian criminal courtroom discourse 马拉维刑事法庭话语中律师提问策略的不诚实之处

IF 0.6 3区文学

Text & Talk Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1515/text-2022-0083

Wellman Kondowe

{"title":"Insincerity in lawyers’ questioning strategies in Malawian criminal courtroom discourse","authors":"Wellman Kondowe","doi":"10.1515/text-2022-0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2022-0083","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new perspective on analysing courtroom insincerity by focusing on questions asked by lawyers in the Malawi criminal justice system. The study aimed at examining the linguistic tools of tracing insincerity in lawyers’ questions; the varying degrees of insincerity in defence and prosecution lawyers and their rationale for making such choices. The study argues that courtroom setting is a war zone where different parties have divergent goals. Such encounters are much likely to yield higher chances of insincerity, which can be manifested in the questions lawyers ask. The analysis is based on data from four criminal cases, which were collected from the High Court of Malawi. My framework of analysing insincerity in questions examines the prescribed degrees of control that questions exert on the witnesses in relation to their productiveness. The findings indicate that, when examining witnesses, prosecutors exercise less insincerity while defence lawyers opt for questions with high insincerity. These imbalances in language use are enshrined in and supported by law in its statutes. The findings of this study have jurisprudential implications, especially in Africa which is internationally less represented in the studies of language and law.","PeriodicalId":46455,"journal":{"name":"Text & Talk","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138579996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

National discourses in (de)legitimations of the Swedish COVID-19 strategy 瑞典 COVID-19 战略（去）合法化中的国家论述

IF 0.6 3区文学

Text & Talk Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1515/text-2022-0100

Karin Idevall Hagren, Theres Bellander

{"title":"National discourses in (de)legitimations of the Swedish COVID-19 strategy","authors":"Karin Idevall Hagren, Theres Bellander","doi":"10.1515/text-2022-0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2022-0100","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, Sweden’s way to handle the crisis was referred to as ‘the Swedish strategy’ and regarded as unconventional. Most studies of the Swedish strategy have focused on politicians’ legitimations, but not on the discursive negotiation in a media context. The objectives of this critical discourse study are to examine how the Swedish strategy was (de)legitimised in Sweden’s largest newspaper, Dagens Nyheter, during 2020, and what role national discourses played for discursive framings of the Swedish strategy. Using legitimation analysis combined with affect as a discourse analytical concept, we examine 71 newspaper articles. The findings show how a nationalistic framing highlights trust and responsibility as key aspects of the strategy, but also how trust and responsibility are used in delegitimations with additional frames, such as consequences for individuals’ everyday lives, or the frame of an international scientific community. The findings shed new light on the role of national discourses in the initial internal debates about Swedish COVID-19 management, and on the usefulness of an analytical approach that considers an elaborated analysis of different delegitimation strategies and the importance of affect for discourses and (de)legitimations.","PeriodicalId":46455,"journal":{"name":"Text & Talk","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138561560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How pandemic detective narratives potentiate and debilitate trust 大流行病侦探叙事如何增强和削弱信任

IF 0.6 3区文学

Text & Talk Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1515/text-2022-0080

Sheng-Hsun Lee

{"title":"How pandemic detective narratives potentiate and debilitate trust","authors":"Sheng-Hsun Lee","doi":"10.1515/text-2022-0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2022-0080","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Never in modern times has public health communication been so critical yet so fragile. When the first COVID-19 case was detected in Taiwan, Taiwanese health officials readily embedded pandemic detective narratives within public announcements to alert and reassure citizens about the government’s preparedness. Such narratives are subject to revision because of challenges from the press, thereby inviting uncertainty as to who is telling the truth. In this study, I draw on the notions of narrative construction and circulation to analyze video recordings of daily press conferences about COVID-19 in Taiwan and trace how the Taiwanese media covered the island’s first COVID-19 case from diagnosis to recovery. Along the way, pandemic detective narratives were multimodally told, untold, and retold. The health officials’ narrative (re)entextualizations conflicted with those of the press and the person with COVID-19. This conflict stemmed from the different means of narrative construction and circulation that each narrator utilized to make sense of the illness experience. The differences suggest a tension between asserting control and conveying authenticity that intertextually potentiates and debilitates trust.","PeriodicalId":46455,"journal":{"name":"Text & Talk","volume":"61 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using genre to explain how children linguistically co-construct make-believe social scenarios in classroom role-play 运用体裁解释儿童在课堂角色扮演中如何在语言上共同建构虚构的社会情景

IF 0.6 3区文学

Text & Talk Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1515/text-2021-0185

Sarah Jane Mukherjee

引用次数: 0

Educators’ uptake of Kress’s ideas on meaning-making and literacy: a case study from South Africa 教育工作者对克雷斯关于意义创造和读写能力的思想的吸收:来自南非的案例研究

IF 0.6 3区文学

Text & Talk Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1515/text-2022-0060

Denise Newfield

{"title":"Educators’ uptake of Kress’s ideas on meaning-making and literacy: a case study from South Africa","authors":"Denise Newfield","doi":"10.1515/text-2022-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2022-0060","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a practitioner-based account of the uptake of Kress’s ideas on literacy, literature and meaning-making in South African educational contexts, in particular, his integration of politics, semiosis and literacy. It examines the affective force of these ideas in South African classrooms in certain institutions during the immediate post-apartheid period from 1994 onwards, showing how Kress’s key concepts and principles provided a transformative theoretical framework for the work of progressive educators. A Kress-inspired framework propelled new conceptualisations of literacy and meaning-making in these classrooms and beyond – at all levels, from primary through to tertiary – and fuelled research from 1994 into the first decade of the new millennium. Given Kress’s insistence on the social, as in social semiotics, and his stress on the integration of representation, communication and situatedness, this article focuses on his ideas in context, how and why they were put to work and what their outcomes were. It is proposed that the South African case – although unique in many ways – may be relevant to postcolonial and decolonising educational contexts in the South more generally.","PeriodicalId":46455,"journal":{"name":"Text & Talk","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138527028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination and agency in the work of Gunther Kress 冈瑟·克雷斯工作中的决心和能动性

3区文学

Text & Talk Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1515/text-2022-0067

Theo van Leeuwen

{"title":"Determination and agency in the work of Gunther Kress","authors":"Theo van Leeuwen","doi":"10.1515/text-2022-0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2022-0067","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper I show how Gunther Kress, throughout his work, struggled with the contradictory poles of intellectual attraction that lead many other thinkers to firmly anchor themselves to fixed positions and safeguard themselves from doubt. I will focus on two issues, the tension between social determination and individual agency, and the tension between ‘critique’ and ‘design’. In his early work, Kress spoke of the individual as socially determined and of linguistic competence as a product of the social structure. Later he began to emphasize individual agency (and the agency of ‘communities’) rather than the power of ideologies and institutions. But the tension between the two continued to be felt throughout his work. Secondly, though Kress was one of the originators of critical discourse analysis, he later distanced himself from it, arguing that critique looks backwards and focuses on power and convention, while design looks forward and focuses on empowerment and innovation. But here too, the issue was never finally settled, and Kress recognized that critique and design are interdependent. Finally, I will describe Kress’s ‘exploratory’ approach to semiotics in which an open attitude to data, dialogue, and the interdependence of text analysis and theory-formation play a fundamental role.","PeriodicalId":46455,"journal":{"name":"Text & Talk","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136227747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What modes can and cannot do: Affordance in Gunther Kress’s theory of sign making 模式能做什么和不能做什么:冈瑟·克雷斯符号制作理论中的功能支持

IF 0.6 3区文学

Text & Talk Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1515/text-2022-0055

Jeff Bezemer

引用次数: 0

The normative order of sensing: enacting the tasting sheet in tasting training sessions 品鉴的规范顺序:在品鉴培训中制定品鉴单

3区文学

Text & Talk Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1515/text-2022-0195

Lorenza Mondada

{"title":"The normative order of sensing: enacting the tasting sheet in tasting training sessions","authors":"Lorenza Mondada","doi":"10.1515/text-2022-0195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2022-0195","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tasting sessions are a social activity in which the senses and the sensorial features of the tasted objects are the main focus of the participants, who do not only experience taste but also aim at precisely describing it. For doing that, they use pre-formatted tasting sheets and pre-existing standardized repertoires of descriptors. This paper investigates the relations between bodies and sensations, linguistic expressions and the normativity of lexical repertoires. While the literature has insisted on the sensorial lexicon of diverse languages and its specialization within expert domains, the very way in which the sensing body, language, and the normativity of standardized categories are precisely articulated in tasting practices remains understudied. Using an ethnomethodological and conversation analytic approach, this paper demonstrates how participants in training tasting sessions achieve practically, bodily and materially the association between the sample tasted, the sensing body and the use of lexical repertoires. Artefacts and tools like tasting sheets and lexical lists are situatedly mobilized in a way that enhances the senses but also socializes and standardizes them. On the basis of cheese tasting sessions video-recorded during training workshops of professional tasters in Italy and Italian-speaking Switzerland, the paper demonstrates how the normative order of sensing is achieved through the imbrication of the use of tasting sheets within the sensory examination of samples – thus showing how body, materiality, language, and artefacts are normatively constrained, practically managed and bodily aligned in the tasting session.","PeriodicalId":46455,"journal":{"name":"Text & Talk","volume":" 48","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0