Journal of the International Phonetic Association最新文献_第9页

Voicing of glottal consonants and non-modal vowels 声门辅音和非模态元音的发音

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2021-07-19 DOI: 10.1017/S0025100321000116

M. Garellek, Yuan Chai, Yaqian Huang, Maxine Van Doren

{"title":"Voicing of glottal consonants and non-modal vowels","authors":"M. Garellek, Yuan Chai, Yaqian Huang, Maxine Van Doren","doi":"10.1017/S0025100321000116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025100321000116","url":null,"abstract":"Variation in voicing is common among sounds of the world’s languages: sounds that are analyzed as voiceless can undergo voicing, and those analyzed as voiced can devoice. Among voiceless glottal sounds in particular, voicing is widespread: linguists often expect the voiceless glottal stop [ʔ] and fricative [h] to be fully voiced, especially between vowels. In this study, we use audio recordings from Illustrations of the International Phonetic Alphabet published in the Journal of the International Phonetic Association to explore the extent to which glottal consonants and non-modal (breathy and creaky) vowels differ in terms of percentage voicing and voicing intensity in three phrasal positions. We find that voiceless [h] is only slightly less voiced than voiced [ɦ] in initial position. Between two vowels, both [h] and [ɦ] are as voiced as breathy vowels. Glottal stops and creaky vowels are both characterized by high percentages of voicing, but they differ in voicing intensity: in all phrasal positions, glottal stops generally have periods of strong and weak voicing, whereas creaky vowels are strongly voiced. In contrast, vowels described as ‘rearticulated’, ‘checked’, or ‘glottalized’ show similar drops in voicing intensity to glottal stops. We interpret these results through an articulatory lens: glottal consonants and non-modal vowels are both modulations in phonation resulting from laryngeal constriction and vocal fold spreading. We argue further that, because voicing during [ʔ] and [h] is largely predictable from respiratory and prosodic constraints, many cases of [ʔ] and [h] can be considered phonetically underspecified for voicing.","PeriodicalId":46444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","volume":"53 1","pages":"305 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0025100321000116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47554287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Contextual reduction of word-final /l/ in Spanish: An EPG study 西班牙语词尾/l/的语境还原：EPG研究

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2021-07-19 DOI: 10.1017/S0025100321000128

Michael Ramsammy

{"title":"Contextual reduction of word-final /l/ in Spanish: An EPG study","authors":"Michael Ramsammy","doi":"10.1017/S0025100321000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025100321000128","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents data on the contextual reduction of /l/ in Spanish. Electropalatography (EPG) was used to examine realisations of word-final /l/ in prevocalic and preconsonantal environments in order to determine to what extent articulatory reduction of the /l/ is attributable to coarticulation with following segments. Previous studies using static palatography (Josselyn 1907) describe continuous relaxation of the articulatory stricture associated with /l/ in different phonological environments. These descriptions, in turn, have informed standard reference works on Spanish phonetics (e.g. Navarro Tomás 1957, Gili Gaya 1966). Additionally, theoretical work on other languages has argued in favour of syllable-based accounts of /l/-allophony and reduction patterns (e.g. English /l/-darkening and vocalisation), whereas instrumental studies have revealed complexities to these patterns that challenge syllable-based analyses. The findings of the EPG study reported on here confirm that /l/-reduction in Spanish is a gradient phenomenon that arises due to antagonistic coarticulatory forces. Thus, the reduction patterns that emerge in the data cannot be predicted on the basis of syllabification algorithms alone.","PeriodicalId":46444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","volume":"53 1","pages":"333 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0025100321000128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45025610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Phonetics of White Hmong vowel and tonal contrasts 白苗族元音和声调对比的语音

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2021-06-22 DOI: 10.1017/S0025100321000104

M. Garellek, Christina M. Esposito

{"title":"Phonetics of White Hmong vowel and tonal contrasts","authors":"M. Garellek, Christina M. Esposito","doi":"10.1017/S0025100321000104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025100321000104","url":null,"abstract":"Hmong languages, particularly White Hmong, are well studied for their complex tone systems that incorporate pitch, phonation, and duration differences. Still, prior work has made use mostly of tones elicited in their citation forms in carrier phrases. In this paper, we provide a detailed description of both the vowel and tone systems of White Hmong from recordings of read speech. We confirm several features of the language, including the presence of nasal vowels (rather than derived nasalized vowels through coarticulation with a coda [ŋ]), the description of certain tone contours, and the systematic presence of breathy and creaky voice on two of the tones. We also find little evidence of additional intonational f0 targets. However, we show that some tones vary greatly by their position in utterance, and propose novel descriptions for several of them. Finally, we show that \u0000$textrm{H}1^{!*}$\u0000 –H2*, a widely used measure of voice quality and phonation in Hmong and across languages, does not adequately distinguish modal from non-modal phonation in this data set, and argue that noise measures like Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPP) are more robust to phonation differences in corpora with more variability.","PeriodicalId":46444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","volume":"53 1","pages":"213 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47286589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Mecapalapa Tepehua

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2021-06-22 DOI: 10.1017/s0025100321000098

Esther Herrera Zendejas

引用次数: 1

Northern Tepehuan 北Tepehuan

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.1017/s002510032100013x

Carlos Ivanhoe Gil Burgoin

{"title":"Northern Tepehuan","authors":"Carlos Ivanhoe Gil Burgoin","doi":"10.1017/s002510032100013x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002510032100013x","url":null,"abstract":"Northern Tepehuan (ISO 639-3: ntp) is one of the 68 native linguistic groups1 currently spoken in Mexico according to the National Institute of Indigenous Languages (INALI 2008). As is the case with many indigenous languages, Northern Tepehuan is under serious threat of disappearance during the next decades as it is spoken by fewer than 9000 people (Carrillo 2011: 6) whose historical background has been one of social and linguistic marginalization. The Ódami – as the speakers of the language call themselves – live in the alpine valleys of an isolated region known as Sierra Tarahumara, a section of the Sierra Madre Occidental, in Chihuahua State, Mexico. Saucedo Sánchez de Tagle (2004: 6–9) indicates that the heart of the current Ódami territory is in some sections of the Guadalupe y Calvo municipality, in the southernmost tip of Chihuahua (see Figure 1) but speakers also can be found in the surrounding municipalities of Balleza, Guachochi and Batopilas. Approximately 80% of Northern Tepehuan speakers live in small villages and rural settlements around the population nuclei of Baborigame, Nabogame, Llano Grande, Barbechitos and El Venadito (Saucedo Sánchez de Tagle 2004: 7). There are also some scattered speakers living in the region’s big cities of Chihuahua and Hermosillo.","PeriodicalId":46444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","volume":"29 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Production of the utterance-final moraic nasal in Japanese: A real-time MRI study 日语发音最后一个音节鼻音的产生：实时MRI研究

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1017/S0025100321000050

K. Maekawa

引用次数: 3

Blowing in the wind: Using ‘North Wind and the Sun’ texts to sample phoneme inventories 风中吹：使用“北风与太阳”文本对音素清单进行采样

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.1017/S002510032000033X

Louise Baird, Nick Evans, Simon J. Greenhill

{"title":"Blowing in the wind: Using ‘North Wind and the Sun’ texts to sample phoneme inventories","authors":"Louise Baird, Nick Evans, Simon J. Greenhill","doi":"10.1017/S002510032000033X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S002510032000033X","url":null,"abstract":"Language documentation faces a persistent and pervasive problem: How much material is enough to represent a language fully? How much text would we need to sample the full phoneme inventory of a language? In the phonetic/phonemic domain, what proportion of the phoneme inventory can we expect to sample in a text of a given length? Answering these questions in a quantifiable way is tricky, but asking them is necessary. The cumulative collection of Illustrative Texts published in the Illustration series in this journal over more than four decades (mostly renditions of the ‘North Wind and the Sun’) gives us an ideal dataset for pursuing these questions. Here we investigate a tractable subset of the above questions, namely: What proportion of a language’s phoneme inventory do these texts enable us to recover, in the minimal sense of having at least one allophone of each phoneme? We find that, even with this low bar, only three languages (Modern Greek, Shipibo and the Treger dialect of Breton) attest all phonemes in these texts. Unsurprisingly, these languages sit at the low end of phoneme inventory sizes (respectively 23, 24 and 36 phonemes). We then estimate the rate at which phonemes are sampled in the Illustrative Texts and extrapolate to see how much text it might take to display a language’s full inventory. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for linguistics in its quest to represent the world’s phonetic diversity, and for JIPA in its design requirements for Illustrations and in particular whether supplementary panphonic texts should be included.","PeriodicalId":46444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","volume":"52 1","pages":"453 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S002510032000033X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47016333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Spectral properties of anterior sibilant fricatives in Northern Peninsular Spanish and sibilant-merging and non-merging varieties of Basque 北半岛西班牙语和巴斯克语sibilt - merge和nonmerge变体的前sibilt摩擦音频谱特性

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2021-04-20 DOI: 10.1017/S0025100320000274

Ander Beristain

{"title":"Spectral properties of anterior sibilant fricatives in Northern Peninsular Spanish and sibilant-merging and non-merging varieties of Basque","authors":"Ander Beristain","doi":"10.1017/S0025100320000274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025100320000274","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the spectral properties of anterior sibilant fricatives in Northern Peninsular Spanish, and sibilant-merging and non-merging varieties of Basque. Non-merging varieties of Basque have two voiceless anterior sibilant fricatives, characterized as apico-alveolar and lamino-alveolar. In other Basque varieties, however, these two phonemes have merged with varying results. Twenty-four participants divided into four different groups have been studied. One group is a set of monolingual Spanish speakers from north-central Spain, while the remaining three are Basque–Spanish bilingual groups with different sibilant fricative systems in Basque. The goal is to describe the spectral properties of anterior sibilant fricatives and examine the effect of the L1-Basque sibilant system upon L2-Spanish. The Basque varieties chosen are: (i) Azpeitia Basque, where merging in favor of the lamino-alveolar sibilant fricative has occurred; (ii) Lemoa Basque, where the merging in favor of the apico-alveolar sibilant fricative is widespread; and (iii) Goizueta Basque, where no merging has happened. Participants took part in an elicitation task where they produced sentences containing target words with an intervocalic anterior sibilant fricative in Basque and Spanish. Bayesian probability was used for inferential statistics. Speakers of the non-merging Basque variety show the narrowest acoustic dispersion of /s/ in Spanish, as opposed to broader diffusion in the other three groups. Regarding L1 transfer, while the Azpeitia group does not show transfer into Spanish, the Lemoa and Goizueta groups do. Results show that /s/ is more fronted for monolingual Spanish speakers from north-central Spain than the previous literature has reported.","PeriodicalId":46444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","volume":"52 1","pages":"421 - 452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0025100320000274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44650492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Ende 终止

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.1017/s0025100320000389

K. Lindsey

引用次数: 2

Regional differences in the evolution of the merger of /ʃ/ and /ç/ in Luxembourgish 卢森堡语中/ h /和/ç/合并演变的地区差异

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.1017/S0025100320000407

François Conrad

{"title":"Regional differences in the evolution of the merger of /ʃ/ and /ç/ in Luxembourgish","authors":"François Conrad","doi":"10.1017/S0025100320000407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025100320000407","url":null,"abstract":"The merger of post-alveolar /ʃ/ and palatal /ç/ into alveolopalatal /ɕ/ has recently gained growing interest in sociophonetic research, especially in the Middle German dialect area. In Luxembourgish, a Continental West Germanic language, the sound change has been linked to age differences, while its origins remain unclear. Two studies with a regional focus are presented in this paper. The first study examines the merger in the Centre and the South of Luxembourg. The acoustic examination of both the spectral peak and the centre of gravity of a spoken data set of five minimal pairs embedded in read and orally translated sentences from 48 speakers (three generations (old generation, 65–91 years; middle generation, 40–64 years; young generation, 20–39 years; each generation, n = 16), men and women) reveals interesting results related to their regional background. In the old generation, the merger is further advanced in the speech of old men from the former mining region in the South compared to their peers in the Centre, the former leading this sound change. On the other hand, young speakers in both regions produce only alveolopalatal /ɕ/, the merger being complete in this generation. The second study presents exploratory data from the East and the North of the country. The analysis of this smaller sample (n = 6 speakers) reveals patterns similar to the central region. Pointing to language contact with Romance in the South as cradle and/or catalyser of the merger, these results not only give further clues as to the development in Luxembourg, but also add to a deeper understanding of sound changes in process in complex sibilant systems.","PeriodicalId":46444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","volume":"53 1","pages":"29 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0025100320000407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42388573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1