Journal of the International Phonetic Association最新文献_第4页

What’s in the r? A review of the usage of the r symbol in the Illustrations of the IPA r里有什么？IPA图解中r符号的使用综述

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1017/s0025100322000238

Rémi Anselme, F. Pellegrino, D. Dediu

{"title":"What’s in the r? A review of the usage of the r symbol in the Illustrations of the IPA","authors":"Rémi Anselme, F. Pellegrino, D. Dediu","doi":"10.1017/s0025100322000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025100322000238","url":null,"abstract":"What does the symbol r mean when it is used in a transcription? Here we analyze the use of the symbols for the alveolar trills (r) and taps (\u0000 \u0000 ) among the Illustrations of the IPA since 1971. We begin by sketching the history of the various symbols and conventions used to represent the trill and the tap in two transcription traditions: the Americanist Transcription System and the International Phonetic Alphabet. From the 213 languages covered until 2021, we carefully analyze the 162 that have trills and/or taps, using the information provided in Illustrations. Our results show that r tends to be used to represent a generic ‘r-like’ sound in both transcription traditions. More precisely, by comparing the use of r in the consonant tables and in the transcriptions of their accompanying narrative texts, we show that r is not systematically associated with an alveolar trill. Furthermore, we show that phonetic trills are less frequent than phonetic taps, while phonemic trills are more frequent than phonemic taps. As a consequence, inferring the presence of trilling in a sound system from the presence of r in its transcription is not as straightforward as one might expect. These findings highlight the critical importance of being absolutely explicit about the meaning of the various symbols found in grammars and secondary databases, and of r in particular, as a preliminary step in a broad range of studies, including cross-linguistic comparisons, inferences about the past or generalizations about language acquisition and articulatory effort.","PeriodicalId":46444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43994183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Laryngeal realism and the voicing contrast in Khuzestani Arabic stops Khuzestani阿拉伯语的喉部写实与发声对比

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1017/s002510032300004x

Nawal Bahrani, Vladimir Kulikov

{"title":"Laryngeal realism and the voicing contrast in Khuzestani Arabic stops","authors":"Nawal Bahrani, Vladimir Kulikov","doi":"10.1017/s002510032300004x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002510032300004x","url":null,"abstract":"In laryngeal realism (LR), laryngeal specification of stops is explained by direct maps of cues (e.g. VOT) onto privative phonological laryngeal features [voice] or [spread glottis]. Phonetic realization of the segments and speakers’ ‘control’ (e.g. the degree of intervocalic voicing and speech rate manipulation effects on VOT duration) are used as diagnostics of phonological specification. Similar to some Arabic vernacular dialects (e.g. Qatari Arabic), Khuzestani Arabic in Iran presents a case where three voiced stops /b d ɡ/ are in contrast with voiceless stops /p t k/, but two voiceless guttural plosives /tˁ q/ have no voiced homorganic counterparts. In this paper we examine the phonetic realization of voicing in these stops at word-initial and intervocalic position, as well as the effects of speech rate manipulation on VOT and closure voicing. The data came from 12 native speakers recorded in Khorramshahr, Iran. Our findings suggest an over-specified voicing system in this Arabic variety. We found that voiced /b d ɡ/ were produced with voicing lead in initial position and complete closure voicing word medially, voiceless /p t k/ had long lag VOT, while guttural /tˁ q/ had short lag VOT. Speech rate manipulation revealed that only duration of (pre)voicing and duration of aspiration increased in slower speech. Also, f0, F1, and F2 were measured at vowel onset to evaluate the glottal state in production of stops. The results support the predictions of LR that voiced stops are specified by [voice], voiceless stops are [sg], while gutturals lack underlying specification for voice.","PeriodicalId":46444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48145672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sonority sequencing and its relationship to articulatory timing in Georgian 格鲁吉亚语的声效排序及其与发音时间的关系

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1017/s0025100323000026

C. Crouch, A. Katsika, I. Chitoran

{"title":"Sonority sequencing and its relationship to articulatory timing in Georgian","authors":"C. Crouch, A. Katsika, I. Chitoran","doi":"10.1017/s0025100323000026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025100323000026","url":null,"abstract":"This work asks how the syllable as a unit is delimited in space and time. To do this we bring together two theoretical approaches to the syllable: a sonority-based approach which emphasizes spatial organization, and the coupled oscillator model (Nam, Goldstein & Saltzman 2009) which emphasizes temporal organization. Many languages present challenges to these theories, and here we focus on Georgian, which is problematic for both approaches, as Georgian permits onset clusters of up to seven consonants and of any sonority shape. Specifically, this study examines the relationship between gestural overlap and sonority shape in Georgian via electromagnetic articulography. Drawing on data from three speakers, we examine gestural overlap in two-consonant onsets that vary in sonority shape and order of place of articulation. Using two measures of gestural overlap, we find (i) long lag between consonant gestures, which we suggest is language-specific and (ii) that lag is largest in sonority rises and smallest in sonority falls. These results suggest that neither phonemic recoverability nor a hierarchical effect of increasingly open constrictions is the primary motivator behind inter-consonantal timing. Instead, the high degree of overlap in sonority falls ensures their tautosyllabic parse, which would otherwise be threatened by intrusive vocoids. Thus, we argue that recoverability of the syllable as a unit is the major motivating factor behind the timing patterns observed, and that syllables emerge not solely from either spatial or temporal properties, but from the interplay of the two.","PeriodicalId":46444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42903295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An acoustic analysis of Oromo vowels of the northern dialect 北部方言中奥罗莫语元音的声学分析

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1017/s0025100323000014

Feda Negesse

{"title":"An acoustic analysis of Oromo vowels of the northern dialect","authors":"Feda Negesse","doi":"10.1017/s0025100323000014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025100323000014","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the results of an acoustic analysis of Oromo vowels of the northern dialect. The data for the study were collected from 19 speakers (nine female, 10 male) who produced the vowels in the same phonetic environment. Such acoustic measures as duration, fundamental frequency and the first three formant frequencies were extracted for the analysis. In a linear mixed-effects model, each acoustic parameter was modelled as a function of the fixed effects such as gender and vowel quality, and of participants’ random effects. The model shows a main effect of gender on all the acoustic measures, with the female speakers producing the vowels with significantly greater duration and formant frequencies. The model also indicates the main effect of vowel quality on all the acoustic measures with the exception of duration. The proportion of variances explained by gender and vowel quality is found to be large for fundamental frequency and the first formant frequency respectively. As regards the classification of the vowels, Support Vector Machine reveals that the time-varying frequency does not have an advantage over a steady state in separating vowels of both genders. However, it is generally fairly effective in classifying vowels of the dialect of the language.","PeriodicalId":46444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44071345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The acoustic characteristics of implosive and plosive bilabials in Shimaore 石莫尔内爆和爆音双元音的声学特征

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1017/s0025100322000184

Miki Mori

{"title":"The acoustic characteristics of implosive and plosive bilabials in Shimaore","authors":"Miki Mori","doi":"10.1017/s0025100322000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025100322000184","url":null,"abstract":"Implosive consonants have drawn the attention of researchers over time, partially due to their relative rarity in the world’s languages, and partially due to their unique ingressive air flow. This sound category has varying complex features from an articulatory and acoustic perspective. This study explores the sound category by analyzing the acoustic features of a language whose implosives have yet to be acoustically considered: Shimaore, a Bantu-Sabaki language spoken in Mayotte. Specifically, it compares the bilabial plosive /b/ and the bilabial implosive /ɓ/ in terms of Voice Onset Time (VOT), fundamental frequency, amplitude, and voice quality via H1*–H2*, harmonics-to-noise ratios (HNR), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP). Analyses show that VOT is shorter for implosives than for plosives. At oral closure and vowel onset, amplitude and f0 are higher than plosives. H1*–H2* values read alongside HNR and CPP values suggest that implosives in Shimaore have glottal constriction. Some individual differences are explored for question of variation in implosives. Implications regarding sociophonetic studies in Mayotte as well as general implications for implosives are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45239971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

San Sebastián del Monte Mixtec 圣塞巴斯蒂安·德尔·蒙特米斯特克

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1017/s0025100322000226

F. Cortés, Iara Mantenuto, Jeremy Steffman

引用次数: 0

On the nature of apical vowel in Jixi-Hui Chinese: Acoustic and articulatory data 鸡西回语鼻尖元音的性质:声学和发音资料

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.1017/s0025100322000196

Bowei Shao, Rachid Ridouane

{"title":"On the nature of apical vowel in Jixi-Hui Chinese: Acoustic and articulatory data","authors":"Bowei Shao, Rachid Ridouane","doi":"10.1017/s0025100322000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025100322000196","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese languages have a set of segments known as apical vowels, which have been analysed in previous studies as either genuine vowels, fricative vowels, fricative consonants, or approximants. This study is concerned with the apical vowel attested in Jixi-Hui Chinese. We examine this segment from acoustic and articulatory perspectives and argue that it is best defined as a fricative /z/. Phonologically, Jixi-Hui Chinese /z/ is a distinct phoneme that is exclusively attested in syllable nucleus position where it constitutes a tone-bearing unit and which can undergo tonal sandhi processes. It can appear not only after coronal sibilants /s ts tsʰ/, but also after bilabials /p pʰ/ and nasals /m n/. Acoustically, we show that this segment contains frication noise in its initial phase in the majority of cases, with a formant structure towards its end. The analysis of the zero-crossing rate confirms this significant presence of noise, clearly distinguishing this segment from genuine vowels. Furthermore, articulatory analyses of ultrasound data show that /z/ has a near-identical tongue shape to fricative /s/ on both mid-sagittal and coronal planes, in both sibilant and non-sibilant contexts. These findings are viewed in light of the variability in the way /z/ is phonetically implemented in Jixi-Hui Chinese.","PeriodicalId":46444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41734654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distinct acoustic properties pattern differently in a sound change in progress in Hong Kong Cantonese 香港广东话在声音变化过程中的不同声学特性模式

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.1017/s0025100322000172

John M. Culnan, S. Yiu

引用次数: 0

IPA volume 52 issue 3 Cover and Back matter IPA第52卷第3期封面和封底

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1017/s0025100322000214

引用次数: 0

In Memoriam Anne Cutler (1945–2022) 纪念安妮·卡特勒(1945-2022)

IF 0.8 3区文学

Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1017/s0025100322000160

Bob Ladd, J. Fletcher

引用次数: 0