Pulmonary Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the Severity of COVID-19 Infection in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Jordan.","authors":"Silvia D Boyajian, Ensaf Y Almomani, Muna A Salameh, Dima Hamarsheh, Sara AlNsour, Riadh Al-Ramadani, Shawkat Al-Tamimi, Husam AlSalamat, Dana Elsalman","doi":"10.1155/pm/8077486","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/8077486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>COVID-19 has infected many patients globally, primarily impacting the respiratory system and causing symptoms such as coughing and shortness of breath. Various factors influence the severity of the infection, with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) being one of them.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim was to investigate the correlation between the severity of OSA and the severity of COVID-19 infection, as indicated by hospitalization, ICU admission, and the duration of recovery from the disease.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective cohort study on OSA patients who follow-up at a tertiary referral hospital sleep clinic and were infected with COVID-19. COVID-19 infection information, such as severity, duration, and vaccination, was collected via phone calls. OSA severity was assessed using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Data were analyzed using SPSS software, and a <i>p</i> value < 0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 136 confirmed OSA and COVID-19-positive patients were included in the study. The majority were elderly and obese. Then, 29% of patients had mild, 30% had moderate, and 41% had severe OSA. The severity of OSA was significantly correlated with the COVID-19 type of treatment and recovery duration (<i>p</i> value = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively. Severe OSA correlated with higher BMI values. Notably, the type of COVID-19 vaccine, number of doses, and whether the COVID-19 infection occurred before or after vaccination did not affect the severity of OSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The severity of OSA and COVID-19 infection were correlated. The management of OSA severity and the control over other comorbidities may lower the chance of severe COVID-19 infection among OSA patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8077486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12698258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145758069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Pathogens of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalized Patients: A Retrospective Study From 2010 to 2020.","authors":"Songsong Yu, Tiecheng Yang","doi":"10.1155/pm/4025205","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/4025205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study is to evaluate the distribution and drug resistance of infectious pathogens in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of AECOPD patients who underwent pathogen evaluation and drug susceptibility tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 199 hospitalized AECOPD patients were analyzed. Among them, 77.9% had monoinfection, and 22.1% had multiple infections. Two hundred and eighty-eight strains were isolated, with 61.1% gram-negative, 3.8% gram-positive, and 35.0% fungi, while 58 strains were colonized. Common bacteria included <i>Haemophilus parainfluenzae</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> were the main gram-positive cocci, and <i>Pseudohyphae</i> were the main fungi. Fifty gram-negative strains showed drug resistance (19 colonized strains), with high resistance to ceftriaxone in <i>A. baumannii</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> was resistant to penicillin but sensitive to other antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the distribution of pathogens and the prevalence of drug-resistant strains among AECOPD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4025205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12626694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Conical Positive Expiratory Pressure Mask Application During Exercise Training on Pulmonary Rehabilitation Outcomes in Moderate to Severe COPD Cases: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Chulee Ubolsakka-Jones, David Arthur Jones, Malipron Pukdeechat, Watchara Boonsawat, Wilaiwan Khrisanapant, Pornanan Domthong, Seksan Chaisuksant, Piyaraid Dongkhanti, Aung Aung Nwe, Chatchai Phimphasak","doi":"10.1155/pm/8828987","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/8828987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of positive expiratory pressure (PEP), which includes conical-PEP breathing, has been proposed for use during exercise among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to reduce dynamic hyperinflation (DH) and improve exercise capacity. However, evidence on the effects of exercise training with conical-PEP for pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) remains limited. This study was conducted to evaluate the aforementioned effects on exercise capacity, DH, and quality of life among patients with moderate to very severe COPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-two patients with moderate to very severe COPD were assigned to a home-based PR program. They were then randomly allocated to exercise training with conical-PEP (<i>n</i> = 21, age 64.5 ± 6.8 years) or without conical-PEP (control group, <i>n</i> = 21, age 67.2 ± 8.0 years) for 8-10 weeks. The outcomes of the 6-min walk distance (6MWD), the endurance spot marching test (ESMT) for endurance time, an inspiratory capacity (IC) test to assess DH, the transition dyspnea index (TDI), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) were recorded at baseline and at the program's end (post-PR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in 6MWD (<i>p</i> = 0.116) or ESMT endurance time (<i>p</i> = 0.247) between the conical-PEP and control groups at post-PR. Compared to baseline, the post-PR measurements showed a significant reduction in end-exercise IC in the control group (<i>Δ</i> -0.08 L, 95% CI: -0.16 to -0.01 L, <i>p</i> = 0.033) but no significant reduction in the conical-PEP group (<i>Δ</i> -0.07 L, 95% CI: -0.19 to 0.05 L, <i>p</i> = 0.193). No significant differences were found between the groups at post-PR in terms of TDI (<i>p</i> = 0.277), SGRQ (<i>p</i> = 0.687), or CAT (<i>p</i> = 0.704) scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The addition of conical-PEP during exercise training for PR in COPD did not provide significant benefits over exercise training without conical-PEP. Further research is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8828987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12595236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145483442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Different Spirometric Equations on Asthma Severity and Control Among Children in Jordan: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Walid Al-Qerem, Anan Jarab, Judith Eberhardt, Enas Al-Zayadneh, Montaha Al-Iede, Lujain Al-Sa'di, Lama Sawaftah","doi":"10.1155/pm/7562407","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/7562407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Accurate assessment of lung function among asthmatic children is crucial for effective disease management. The Global Lung Initiative (GLI) has developed widely used spirometric reference equations. However, locally derived equations may better reflect regional population characteristics and more accurately predict asthma control status. The impact of using local versus GLI equations, particularly the newly developed race-neutral equations, remains under investigation. This study examined how the choice of spirometric equation affects asthma assessment. <b>Method:</b> Spirometry was conducted on a sample of 438 asthmatic children (257 boys), and asthma control was assessed using the Global Initiative for Asthma Symptoms test (GINA-AST). Reference values, <i>z</i>-scores, and lower limits of normality (LLNs) were calculated for each child using both local and GLI reference equations. Concordance between equations was assessed using Cohen's kappa, and the sensitivity and specificity of each equation in detecting asthma control status were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> Significant differences were found in spirometry values across equations. The local equation displayed the highest sensitivity for detecting uncontrolled asthma and showed the greatest agreement with GINA-AST. Mean FEV₁ <i>z</i>-scores varied across equations, though intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were high. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study highlights the substantial impact that the choice of spirometric equation has on asthma control assessment. Local equations may offer greater diagnostic sensitivity, potentially leading to more accurate disease classification and improved management outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7562407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Cryobiopsy in Diagnosing Thoracic Disorders and Its Role in Next-Generation Sequencing for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Chun Ian Soo, Sze Shyang Kho, Wai Ling Leong, Shinye Eng, Diana Bee-Lan Ong, Seow Fan Chiew, Tak Kuan Chow, Hazwan Amzar Khairul Annuar, Chee Kuan Wong, Chong Kin Liam","doi":"10.1155/pm/3522554","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/3522554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is an established procedure for diagnosing thoracic diseases and staging of lung cancers. However, some limitations of cytology specimens from EBUS-TBNA include small sample size, low tumour cellularity, necrosis and specimen contamination. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy (EBUS-TBMC) is a promising alternative that provides a larger histology specimen which may improve diagnostic accuracy and molecular testing. This study is aimed at evaluating the benefits of EBUS-TBMC over EBUS-TBNA, focusing on improving next-generation sequencing (NGS) success rates, and assessing its efficacy and safety in a real-world setting. <b>Methods:</b> Data from 203 patients (99 underwent EBUS-TBNA and 104 underwent EBUS-TBMC) were retrospectively traced and analysed using descriptive statistics. <b>Results:</b> The overall diagnostic yield was significantly higher for EBUS-TBMC (90.38%) than that for EBUS-TBNA (67.68%; <i>p</i> < 0.001). For heterogeneous lesions, the diagnostic yield was 92.31% for EBUS-TBMC and 69.44% for EBUS-TBNA (<i>p</i> = 0.011). For non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), EBUS-TBMC specimens demonstrated higher overall tumour cellularity (65% vs. 30%; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and better success in detecting driver alterations through NGS (85.36% vs. 61.90%; <i>p</i> = 0.035). The median procedure duration was shorter for EBUS-TBMC (22 vs. 32 min; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and the complication rates were comparable between the two techniques. These findings suggest that EBUS-TBMC offers additional diagnostic advantages over EBUS-TBNA for heterogeneous lesions and significantly facilitates the acquisition of cell-rich specimens for NGS testing. <b>Conclusion:</b> EBUS-TBMC increases the overall diagnostic yield of mediastinal diseases. EBUS-TBMC provides cell-rich histology specimens with high tumour content, facilitating NGS testing in the management of NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3522554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relation of Changes in PEF and FEV₁ During Salbutamol-Induced Bronchodilation After Methacholine Challenge Test.","authors":"Leon L Csonka, Antti Tikkakoski, Liisa Vuotari, Jussi Karjalainen, Lauri Lehtimäki","doi":"10.1155/pm/7675935","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/7675935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma diagnosis can be confirmed by observing significant bronchodilator response (BDR) through peak expiratory flow (PEF) at home or forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) via spirometry in a clinical setting. We aimed to use the administration of salbutamol after a methacholine challenge test as a model of bronchodilation to study how accurately the change in PEF predicts improvement in lung function, as defined by an increase in FEV₁. We analyzed 869 adult patients who were administered salbutamol after a methacholine challenge. To compare relative changes in PEF and FEV₁ during bronchodilation, we used regression analysis and constructed a Bland and Altman plot. ROC analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and kappa coefficient assessed how precisely increases in PEF detected a 12% and 0.2-L improvement in FEV₁. The average relative increase in FEV₁ was significantly greater than that in PEF. The area under the curve in the ROC analysis was 0.844 for PEF change to detect a 12% and 0.2-L increase in FEV₁. The kappa values for changes in PEF and FEV₁ ranged from fair to moderate. BDR detected by the recommended 15% and 60 L/min cut-off for PEF identified less than half of true positives, while a 10% cut-off correctly identified close to 75% of them. PEF increase is not a reliable measure of BDR in comparison to FEV₁ increase, and a 10% improvement in PEF was the least inaccurate cut-off. Substituting the PEF meter with a handheld spirometer should be further investigated for asthma home monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7675935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12259322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Deep Convolutional Neural Network Model for Lung Disease Detection Using Chest X-Ray Imaging.","authors":"Samia Dardouri","doi":"10.1155/pm/6614016","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/6614016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung diseases, including pneumonia and COVID-19, are prevalent globally, necessitating early diagnosis for effective treatment. Medical imaging is widely regarded as an effective method for detecting lung diseases. Numerous researchers have dedicated their efforts to developing advanced detection techniques, significantly contributing to the prevention and management of these conditions. Despite advancements in imaging diagnostic methods, chest radiographs remain pivotal due to their cost-effectiveness and rapid results. This study proposes an automated system for detecting multiple lung diseases in x-ray and CT scans using a customized convolutional neural network (CNN) alongside pretrained models and an image enhancement approach. The dataset used comprises 6400 images sourced from Kaggle, categorized into three classes: pneumonia, COVID-19, and normal. To address dataset imbalance, data augmentation techniques were applied. The model includes preprocessing and classification stages, achieving high performance metrics: 96% precision, 95.33% recall, 95.66% <i>F</i>1-score, and 97.24% accuracy, highlighting its effectiveness compared to other deep learning models.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6614016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12213050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vancomycin Monitoring for Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Exacerbations of Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients.","authors":"Darrell Smith, James Sanders, Marguerite Monogue","doi":"10.1155/pm/5683225","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/5683225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for vancomycin (VAN) in adult people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) historically has utilized trough concentrations. Recent VAN TDM guidelines recommend area under the curve (AUC) monitoring to reduce the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), despite limited evidence to support this practice in adult pwCF. <b>Methods:</b> This single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study included 143 adult pwCF admitted from July 1, 2017, to July 1, 2022, with an acute pulmonary exacerbation that received VAN for at least 72 h with available VAN plasma concentrations for TDM for AUC (<i>n</i> = 39) or trough monitoring (<i>n</i> = 104). Eligible patients with multiple hospital admissions during the study period were incorporated as separate encounters. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI. <b>Results:</b> Receipt of concurrent nephrotoxins was more common in the AUC cohort than in the trough cohort (97% vs. 81%, <i>p</i> = 0.01), but the rate of AKI was similar (7.7% vs. 10.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.76). AUC monitoring was associated with earlier achievement of TDM goal (median 0 days (IQR 0-2) vs. 2 days (IQR 0-4), <i>p</i> < 0.01), lower total daily doses (34.8 mg/kg/day (IQR 27.6-49) vs. 57.5 mg/kg/day (IQR 43.9-68.6), <i>p</i> < 0.01), and fewer regimen changes (median 1 change (IQR 0-2) vs. 2 changes (IQR 1-3), <i>p</i> < 0.01). In patients with MRSA, pulmonary function recovery, readmission, and mortality were similar. <b>Conclusion:</b> In adult pwCF, the incidence of AKI was similar between AUC and trough monitoring cohorts; however, AUC monitoring achieved therapeutic targets sooner with fewer regimen modifications without significantly increasing the number of concentrations compared to trough monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5683225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12136855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Regulatory T Cells in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.","authors":"Meghashree Sampath, Geetanjali Bade, Randeep Guleria, Anant Mohan, Sudip Sen, Anjana Talwar","doi":"10.1155/pm/5048054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/pm/5048054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disorder characterized by poorly reversible airway obstruction. COPD being an inflammatory disorder has been proposed to have an imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) being a negative regulator of immune response have been observed to play an important role in other inflammatory diseases as well as animal models of inflammation. <b>Objective</b>: This study is aimed at assessing the suppressive functions of circulatory Tregs and examining the inductive capacity of naive CD4+ T cells to generate induced Tregs. <b>Methods:</b> The study was conducted in 20 COPD patients (smokers <i>n</i> = 10; reformed smokers <i>n</i> = 10) and 20 age-matched healthy controls (smokers <i>n</i> = 10; nonsmokers <i>n</i> = 10). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from blood using Ficoll density gradient separation. The suppressive functions were evaluated by assessing the proliferation of T responder cells (CD4+CD25-) in the presence of circulatory Tregs (CD4+CD25+) under polyclonal stimulation. In addition, cytokine-mediated suppression was assessed in the culture supernatants of the suppression assay. Inductive capacity was assessed by stimulating naive CD4+ T cells to generate iTregs in the presence of anti-CD3, IL-2, and TGF-<i>β</i>1. <b>Results:</b> The percent suppression of T responder cells by Tregs was significantly lower in COPD smokers (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and COPD reformed smokers (<i>p</i> = 0.04) as compared to control smokers. On the assessment of cytokine-mediated suppression, significantly reduced IL-2 in COPD S as compared to COPD RS (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and reduced IL-10 and TGFß1 in COPD S as compared to CNS (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and CS (<i>p</i> < 0.05) was observed in the culture supernatants of suppression assay. In addition, a significantly higher frequency of iTregs with phenotype CD4+CD25+CD45RA+CD127- was observed in COPD S as compared to COPD RS (<i>p</i> < 0.01). <b>Discussion:</b> Characteristics changes were observed in patients with COPD. The compromised Tregs function, despite the increase in systemic inflammation, suggests a potential role of these cells in the pathogenesis of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5048054"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Lung Volume Recruitment Technique in Patients With Chronic Respiratory Disease Among Brazilian Health Professionals.","authors":"Robert de Melo, Livia Alcantara, Max Sarmet, Nicole L Sheers, David J Berlowitz, Vinicius Maldaner","doi":"10.1155/pm/4073171","DOIUrl":"10.1155/pm/4073171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Lung volume recruitment (LVR) is a stacked-breath assisted inflation technique in which consecutive insufflations are delivered, without exhaling in between, until the maximum tolerable inflation capacity is reached. Although LVR is recommended in some neuromuscular disease guidelines, there is little information detailing when and how allied health professionals (AHPs) prescribe LVR. <b>Objective:</b> This study is aimed at describing the use of LVR in practice across Brazil. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional e-survey (Sep-Nov 2023) explored LVR practices among qualified clinical or home care AHPs in Brazil. It gathered participant data on geographical region, profession, and experience. It delved into LVR specifics: clinical population and indications for use, prescription (frequency, dosage, and interfaces), related side effects, outcomes assessed, and combined therapies. Results were presented descriptively. <b>Results:</b> One hundred two surveys (74 physical therapists (PTs) and 28 speech and language pathologists (SLPs)) from diverse locations were collected. LVR was predominantly prescribed for adults (57%), with the most common diagnosis being amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (84%). Changes in peak cough flow and vital capacity were the most common reasons for LVR prescription. Maximal insufflation capacity was reportedly measured by 58% of PTs and 22% of SLPs. Chest wall soreness and discomfort were the most common side effects, and many respondents did not provide warnings about potential side effects (42% PTs and 50% SLPs). The study highlighted common use of other respiratory therapy devices alongside LVR. <b>Conclusion:</b> LVR is available in routine clinical and home care settings in Brazil. There is a lack of standardization regarding indications, prescription, and outcome measures among PTs and SLPs in Brazil. Clear recommendations and guidelines are needed to standardize these parameters, enabling more objective data and facilitating comparisons between centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":46434,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4073171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}