ARCHAEOLOGY最新文献

{"title":"Handmade Pottery from Tanais on the Material from the Excavation Trench XXV (Closed Vessels )","authors":"N. Gavrylyuk, M. Matera","doi":"10.15407/archaeologyua2020.01.080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2020.01.080","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is about a Hellenistic ceramic complex of the western area of the ancient city of Tanais. The new material from the excavation trench XXV is shown in comparison with the handmade ware of other districts of the city that was examined by T. M. Arsenieva. Comparison of these materials with the ceramic complex of synchronous layers of the ancient centers of the Northern Black Sea region (collections from cities of the European Bosporus (Kitei, Artesian, etc.), settlements and hill-forts of the Western Crimea (“Chaika”, Kulchuk, etc.) and Lower Bug River region will help to distinguish specific features of the handmade ceramic complex from Tanais and the peculiarities of the ethnic structure of the population of the city.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"80-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49304181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complexes of Late Bronze Age Molds from Tokivske","authors":"O. Starik, D. Kushtan","doi":"10.15407/archaeologyua2020.01.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2020.01.023","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the Late Bronze Age complexes (deposits) of molds made of stone which were found near Tokivske village, Apostolivskyi region, Dnipropetrovsk oblast, at the eastern bank of the Kamianka River, Dnipro basin. Complexes included, respectively, three and seven matrixes mainly made of shale. Molds were used for production of bronze sickles, daggers, flat adzes, sleeve chisels, celts, round disc (mirror), pins, round plaques-buttons. Most of types are typical for the Middle Dnipro region. However, some of those have analogies in wide territories of Eurasia, from the Carpathians to Central Asia. \u0000The complexes of finds are contemporaneous to each other. It is confirmed by their dating and the presence of similar matrixes for the production of daggers in both complexes. Metal finds produced in Tokivske forms have analogies in complexes of Loboikivka (Middle Dnipro region, Donets region) and mainly the Ingul — Krasnyi Maiak (Lower Dnipro region, North-Western Pontic region) centers of metal production. Tokivske itself was located in the contact area of two large cultural complexes dated by the Middle Bronze Age, i.e. Zrubna (Berezhnivsko-Maivska Zrubna culture — BMZC) and Sabatynivka–Noua, to which those centers of metal production related. Similarities to the metal tools can be also found among the materials typical for the Central European deposits of Opalyi-Uriu-Domǎnesti. To a certain extent, analogies to the described finds are known in Kardashynka center of metal production belonging to Bilozerka culture. Therefore, the time of functioning of the workshop at the Tokivske site can be dated to the transition from Late Sabatynivka (BMZC-II after V. V. Otroshchenko) to Early Bilozerka time, BzD — HaA1 period according to P. Reineke or 13th—12th century BC. This was a time of the beginning of the so-called “The Bronze Age collapse”. In South-Eastern Europe the latter is marked by the decline of Noua–Sabatynivka and Zrubna (also known as Timber-Grave) cultural complexes and the formation of new cultures of the Final Bronze Age, from which Bilozerka and Bilohrudivka cultures were developed in the eastern bank of the Dnipro.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"23-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49412724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Years of Ukrainian Investigations in Olbia Pontica","authors":"O. Kariaka","doi":"10.15407/archaeologyua2020.01.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2020.01.124","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the description of first years of Ukrainian studies in the ancient city of Olbia Pontica. Special attention was paid to the range of problematic issues that formed the main features of modern Ukrainian classical archaeology.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"124-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46059988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religious Appropriation of Ancient Rus Chamber Graves","authors":"D. Bibikov","doi":"10.15407/archaeologyua2020.01.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2020.01.069","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the discussion of the religious identity of Viking age chamber burials in the territory of Ancient Rus. Particular attention is paid to the finds in such complexes of cruciform pendants and linings; their sacred meaning is concluded. The wide context of such finds was taken into account: their place among the burial equipment, the combination of crosses with other groups of amulets, the composition of the rest of the equipment, the position of the bodies, age and sex composition of the dead, and other ritual features. Christian symbols are often found in combination with artifacts of Byzantine origin. If the cross was a part of the necklace, it was given a central place. Some items were made specifically for the funeral ceremony. Wax candles and Byzantine coin pendants could also play the role of Christian symbols in chamber burials. Amulets, commonly considered pagan, are quite rarely found in chambers. In turn, cruciform pendants and linings are almost never found in cremation graves. \u0000Cultural impulses associated with the penetration into Ancient Rus of certain elements of the Christian funeral rite, came from both Byzantium and the countries of Central and Northern Europe. One of such elements was the appearance in chamber burials of an additional structural part — a wooden coffin. Differences in the religious beliefs of the dead can be explained by the presence of biritual pair burials. \u0000Initially, the chamber rite was pagan in its essence. However, it was gradually used by neophytes among the ancient Rus elite, because the rite met the main requirement of Christian missionaries — denial of burning the dead. Some of the ceremonial features of “chambers with crosses”, such as sitting postures of the deceased or the presence of accompanying burial places for slaves and horses, can be regarded as manifestations of ethnosocial rather than religious awareness. Some of these burials were made after the christening of 988, which testifies to the strong rooting of traditional burial customs. Further study of chamber burials will provide new valuable information on the early stages of the Christianization of Ancient Rus.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41911650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balkan-Danube Version of the Neolithization of Ukraine","authors":"L. Zaliznyak","doi":"10.15407/archaeologyua2020.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2020.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of changing the concept of neolithization of the territory of Ukraine from the south-east, namely from the Caucasus to the south-west from the Danube region.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49427417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical and Morphological Signs of Limestone Processingat the Lower Palaeolithic Site Medzhybizh A","authors":"O. Naumenko, V. Stepanchuk","doi":"10.15407/archaeologyua2020.01.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2020.01.112","url":null,"abstract":"The task of identifying and analyzing the signs of intentional processing non-siliceous raw materials became relevant in European Palaeolithic studies only in recent years with the discovery of numerous sites, where such materials were widely used. This led to the need for experimental work focused on the study of the physical principles of knapping of non-siliceous raw materials and on the identification of its flaking capabilities. This article deals with the above range of issues in connection with numerous findings of artefacts prepared on non-siliceous raw materials in the lower layers of Medzhybizh A. The number of limestone findings on the area of 1,0 m2 in these layers constitutes, on average, 150—200 pieces. An abnormally large number of lime stone items were recorded in the 3D square at the level of the 2nd horizon of the V layer. Here, on an area of about 0.25 m2, 477 pieces were found, among which 56 complete and segmented pebbles (different in shape and size of individual fragments of limestone with eroded surface), 106 flakes and segments of such pebbles, as well as 304 amorphous fragments. Part of the objects in each of these groups can be attributed to the artefacts with varying degrees of confidence: 23, 81 and 5, respectively. The large number of artefacts and probable artefacts on local lime stones identified in layers V and VI of Medzhybizh A makes the task of searching for the objective definition of artefact-diagnostic criteria and, in general, studying the general regularities of knapping of the given kind of rock very urgent. The presence of refits allows studying technical and morphological features of archaeological items made of limestone. In this article the refitting with the greatest number of elements (nine) is analyzed in detail. \u0000At the same time a series of experiments was conducted on the processing of local limestones using various techniques, namely: anvil technique, bipolar on anvil technique, freehand. The raw materials base for experiments is consisted of objects without any signs of transformation found in the deposits containing artefacts of the V and VI layers, as well as pieces from the nearest exposed pebble conglomerate in the valley of the Vovk River at a distance of no more than 15 km from the site. \u0000Experiments on knapping local limestone have confirmed the splitting properties of the material. The ability of the local limestone to produce flakes with sharp edges will increase as the hardness and density of the material increases. Typically, flakes have sharp edges that are suitable for wood and bone processing. \u0000Experiments have shown that signs of intentional processing of lithic raw materials in freehand, bipolar on anvil and anvil techniques that are easily recognizable on siliceous rocks can also be used to identify anthropogenic modifications of limestone. However, since limestone has a relatively low level of isotropy, an anisotropic fracture, an uneven surface of negatives, insofar as these","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"112-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44596623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bust Thymiateria and Cult of Dionysus in Olbia","authors":"T. Shevchenko","doi":"10.15407/archaeologyua2020.01.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2020.01.039","url":null,"abstract":"Among terracotta busts thymiateria in Olbia Pontica, there is a group of female images with attributes of Dionysiac cult. Ten of them have mitra and ivy wreath shown already in a mould, while two items have handmade wreath added to the ready images. Similarly made bust thymiateria are known in North Pontic Tauric Chersonesos, Nymphaeum, and Hermonassa, another one is known in South-Eastern Pontic region. \u0000Ivy wreaths made of handmade details on terracottas from various regions are discussed in the paper. The interpretation of a handmade cup on the head as a thymiaterion, but not a basket as it was known in the literature before, allowed expanding the map of spreading the bust thymiateria which were traditional for the Hellenistic Greek world. \u0000Such busts found in Olbia, apart from a Dionysiac personage, presented Aphrodite and rarely the Mother of the Gods. There is no definite answer which of Dionysiac companions is presented in such a way. Apart from Ariadne, Dionysus appeared in art with other paredras: Aphrodite, later with one of maenads or nymphs, and even with Semele who died earlier than he was born, according to the myth. The 2nd century BC inscription evidences that there was a statue of this god with his mother in Olbia. Therefore, there is a probability that close in time bust thymiateria depicted Semele. \u0000Most of terracottas analyzed in this paper were found in houses and referred to a family worship of Dionysus in Olbia, while one item comes from the botros at the Central Temenos. They accomplish the evidences of Dionysus’ cult in the Hellenistic period. The most vivid and spread of them were lead bucrania and labrises, terracotta bulls and votive altars with Dionysus, maenad and Silenus on one of their sides, etc. These terracottas were in fact the devices for performing the cult. Symbolic offerings or thymiam were put on them when Dionysus was worshipped. Less active spreading of incense did not require its burning and that is perhaps a reason why there are no traces of soot on most of them. This fact finds its parallels in other regions of Hellas.","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"39-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45759148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface","authors":"","doi":"10.1525/9780520954007-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520954007-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48007561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"6. Futures for Things: Memory Practices and Digital Translation","authors":"","doi":"10.1525/9780520954007-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520954007-007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46677128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1525/9780520954007-fm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520954007-fm","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46362,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47688750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}