托基夫斯克青铜时代晚期模具复合体

IF 0.3 4区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
O. Starik, D. Kushtan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文研究了在第聂伯罗盆地卡米安卡河东岸的第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克州Apostolivskyi地区Tokivske村附近发现的青铜时代晚期石头模具复合体(沉积物)。配合物分别包括三种和七种主要由页岩制成的基质。模具用于生产青铜镰刀、匕首、平纹、套筒凿、青瓷、圆盘(镜)、别针、圆形饰板纽扣。大多数类型是典型的中第聂伯罗地区。然而,从喀尔巴阡山脉到中亚,其中一些在欧亚大陆的广阔领土上有相似之处。这些发现的复合体是同时代的。通过它们的年代测定和在两个复合体中产生匕首的相似基质的存在,这一点得到了证实。Tokivske形式的金属发现物与Loboikivka(中第聂伯罗地区、顿涅茨地区)和主要的Ingul-Krasnyi-Maiak(下第聂伯罗地区、西北庞蒂克地区)金属生产中心的复合体相似。托基夫斯克本身位于青铜时代中期两个大型文化综合体的接触区,即Zrubna(Berezhnisko Maivska Zrubna文化-BMZC)和Sabatynivka–Noua,这些金属生产中心与之相关。在欧帕利-乌里乌·多姆内斯蒂中欧矿床的典型材料中也可以发现与金属工具的相似之处。在某种程度上,在属于比洛泽尔卡文化的Kardashinka金属生产中心,人们知道与所描述的发现有相似之处。因此,托基夫斯克工厂的运作时间可以追溯到从萨巴蒂尼夫卡晚期(V.V.Otroshchenko之后的BMZC-II)到比洛泽尔卡早期,根据P.Reineke或公元前13-12世纪的说法,BzD-HaA1时期。这是所谓“青铜时代崩溃”的开始。在东南欧,后者的特点是努阿-萨巴蒂尼夫卡和兹鲁布纳(也称为木材坟墓)文化综合体的衰落,以及最终青铜时代新文化的形成,从中,比洛泽尔卡和比洛赫鲁迪夫卡文化在第聂伯罗河东岸发展起来。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Complexes of Late Bronze Age Molds from Tokivske
This paper deals with the Late Bronze Age complexes (deposits) of molds made of stone which were found near Tokivske village, Apostolivskyi region, Dnipropetrovsk oblast, at the eastern bank of the Kamianka River, Dnipro basin. Complexes included, respectively, three and seven matrixes mainly made of shale. Molds were used for production of bronze sickles, daggers, flat adzes, sleeve chisels, celts, round disc (mirror), pins, round plaques-buttons. Most of types are typical for the Middle Dnipro region. However, some of those have analogies in wide territories of Eurasia, from the Carpathians to Central Asia. The complexes of finds are contemporaneous to each other. It is confirmed by their dating and the presence of similar matrixes for the production of daggers in both complexes. Metal finds produced in Tokivske forms have analogies in complexes of Loboikivka (Middle Dnipro region, Donets region) and mainly the Ingul — Krasnyi Maiak (Lower Dnipro region, North-Western Pontic region) centers of metal production. Tokivske itself was located in the contact area of two large cultural complexes dated by the Middle Bronze Age, i.e. Zrubna (Berezhnivsko-Maivska Zrubna culture — BMZC) and Sabatynivka–Noua, to which those centers of metal production related. Similarities to the metal tools can be also found among the materials typical for the Central European deposits of Opalyi-Uriu-Domǎnesti. To a certain extent, analogies to the described finds are known in Kardashynka center of metal production belonging to Bilozerka culture. Therefore, the time of functioning of the workshop at the Tokivske site can be dated to the transition from Late Sabatynivka (BMZC-II after V. V. Otroshchenko) to Early Bilozerka time, BzD — HaA1 period according to P. Reineke or 13th—12th century BC. This was a time of the beginning of the so-called “The Bronze Age collapse”. In South-Eastern Europe the latter is marked by the decline of Noua–Sabatynivka and Zrubna (also known as Timber-Grave) cultural complexes and the formation of new cultures of the Final Bronze Age, from which Bilozerka and Bilohrudivka cultures were developed in the eastern bank of the Dnipro.
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ARCHAEOLOGY
ARCHAEOLOGY ARCHAEOLOGY-
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