Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Differential NADP-Dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenases Expression in Metabolically Healthy Obesity vs Metabolic Syndrome: A Probable Predictive Biomarker for Metabolic Deterioration.","authors":"Mona M Watany, Marwa M Elhosary","doi":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf124","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme (IDH)1 and IDH2, are crucial to normal glucose and lipid metabolism and to oxidative species handling. This study aimed to assess the probability of utilizing NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases deficiency as a biomarker of the progression of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) to metabolic syndrome (MetS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study enrolled 120 participants. We investigated IDH1 and IDH2 mRNA expression in peripheral whole blood samples collected from 40 MetS patients, 40 individuals with MHO, and 40 healthy controls, in relation to serum NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases activity, serum leptin, adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and calculated Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IDH1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in MetS patients compared to MHO in whom the transcript levels were indifferent from the controls. IDH2 was more deficient in MetS than MHO, and both were lower than controls. Serum NADP-dependent IDH enzyme activity was remarkably lower in the MetS group compared to the MHO group as well as to controls (2.83 ± 0.47 mU/mL, 4.58 ± 0.67 and 6.09 ± 0.93, respectively, P < 0.001). Both transcripts showed strong negative correlations to HOMA-IR, adiposity biomarkers, and hs-CRP. Regression analysis demonstrated that for every 10% decrease in IDH1 and IDH2 transcription, the odds of developing obesity-associated MetS increases by 4.9- and 6.3-fold, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In contrast to MHO, both IDH1 and IDH2 are deficient in MetS. Their deficiency coincides with chronic inflammation, adipose tissue dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Our preliminary data support the potential use of NADP- dependent IDH as a predictive biomarker of obesity-related MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":46361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Reply to Reference Intervals for Ceruloplasmin Should Account for Age, Sex, Method, and Local Population.","authors":"Sara Pelucchi, Giulia Risca, Alberto Piperno, Stefania Galimberti","doi":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfaf119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Different Pigments in the Peritoneal Fluid of a Child: What Is the Clinical Significance of Each?","authors":"Jingcai Wang, Dustin R Bunch, Samir Kahwash","doi":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf036","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1420-1424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Smartphone-Enabled Urinary Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio Testing.","authors":"Danielle Jeddah, Nicholas B Bevins, Matan Ronen, Ron Zohar, Navdeep Tangri","doi":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf087","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Albuminuria is an important biomarker for detecting chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in at-risk individuals. Advances in diagnostic technology have introduced home-use, semiquantitative testing methods such as the FDA-cleared Minuteful Kidney Test (MKT). This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of the MKT to the Beckman Coulter AU 480 analyzer, a standard laboratory quantitative method, for detecting albuminuria in individuals with or at risk for CKD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Urine samples were obtained from individuals with risk factors for kidney damage. Each sample was analyzed for the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) using both the MKT and the laboratory standard method. Albuminuria was classified according to KDIGO guidelines: A1 (uACR <30 mg/g, \"normal to mildly increased\"), A2 (uACR 30-300 mg/g, \"moderately increased\"), and A3 (uACR >300 mg/g, \"severely increased\"). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of MKT were calculated against the laboratory standard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 615 collected urine samples, 555 met inclusion criteria. Albuminuria (uACR >30 mg/g) was detected in 24.9% of samples using the laboratory method (95% CI: 21.3%-28.5%). The MKT demonstrated a sensitivity of 96.4%, specificity of 84.2%, NPV of 98.6%, and PPV of 66.8%. MKT accurately categorized 85.6% of samples into the KDIGO albuminuria categories A1, A2, and A3, identifying 100% of laboratory-confirmed A3 samples as abnormal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MKT shows high sensitivity, exceeding the guideline-required threshold (>85%, P < 0.001), and acceptable specificity for detecting albuminuria in high-risk populations. This device offers the potential to improve CKD detection and management and facilitate early intervention in primary care and community settings, where accurate rule-out capabilities are essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":46361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1241-1253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Drug Testing Supporting Patients with Substance Use Disorder: A Review.","authors":"Alec Saitman","doi":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf069","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug testing ordered to evaluate patients with substance use disorder (SUD) is not standardized. This may make drug testing difficult to interpret by the medical staff who order it.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>In this review, a general overview of common drug testing strategies and potential knowledge gaps is discussed. This content is followed by discussion of how clinical laboratorians can support patients with SUD, through test offering optimization, development of drug interpretation services, and education on drug interpretation best practices.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Clinical laboratorians are essential partners in healthcare delivery, particularly when providing interpretation of drug testing results. This review is intended to provide laboratorians with drug testing best practices to elevate their contribution to the healthcare system in supporting patients with SUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":46361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1311-1326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Two Different Pigments in the Peritoneal Fluid of a Child: What Is the Clinical Significance of Each?","authors":"Sharon Markham Geaghan","doi":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf043","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1425-1426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-Cell Stability of Digoxin, Lithium, Phenytoin, Valproic Acid, and Vancomycin for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.","authors":"Heather A Nelson, Chad Condie, Kelly Doyle, Joseph W Rudolf, Lauren N Pearson","doi":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf076","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A common problem in clinical laboratories and outpatient clinics is processing specimens rapidly to comply with specimen stability criteria. Currently, for therapeutic drug monitoring, the laboratory must centrifuge specimens and remove the serum or plasma from cells within 2 hours. Many of these drugs are monitored in the outpatient setting, which may require longer transportation times. This creates challenges for the laboratory in processing samples within 2 hours and may result in unnecessary rejection of otherwise acceptable specimens if blood is left on cells too long. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of storage time before centrifugation on the stability of digoxin, lithium, phenytoin, valproic acid, and vancomycin in blood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The concentration of 5 therapeutic drugs was examined following extended on-cell storage at room temperature (RT). For each drug studied, 3 red-top, no gel serum tubes per patient were collected and maintained at RT for 0.5, 6, and 12 hours after collection. Statistically significant changes from the 0.5-hour control were determined using repeated-measures ANOVA. Phenytoin studies were supplemented with spiked specimens. The spiked whole blood samples were mixed and left at RT for 0.5, 2, 4, 6, or 12 hours after collection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The concentration of digoxin, lithium, phenytoin, valproic acid, and vancomycin were all within ±10% of the baseline concentration when left at RT on cells up to 12 hours.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All 5 drugs showed adequate stability in unprocessed clotted blood for up to 12 hours at RT. This data can alleviate constraints on processing samples for therapeutic drug monitoring in the clinical laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":46361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1285-1291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Impact of Hemolysis in Human and Nonhuman Serum Specimens on Multiplex Cytokine Quantification.","authors":"Mitchell Thorn, Lawrence Roy Soria, Colleen M Doshna, Thi Dong Binh Tran, Dingzhou Li, Donald J Fish, Allison Vitsky, Kelly A Fader, Anna K Kopec","doi":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf085","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Presence of hemolysis, the breakdown of red blood cells, in biological samples such as serum and plasma can negatively affect accurate quantification of many biomarkers including commonly measured clinical chemistry and cytokine parameters. Consequently, hemolyzed samples are frequently rejected as unsuitable for biomarker analysis. Currently, the potential interference of hemolysis on cytokine quantification is incompletely understood. Furthermore, the degree of interference with hemolysis may vary by species, cytokine, and quantification platform. Here, we evaluated the effect of various degrees of hemolysis on cytokine quantification accuracy in animal and human samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Frequency of hemolyzed samples in 339 internal animal studies was evaluated and analyzed for various degrees of hemolysis based on visual descriptors converted from H index values. Separately, hemolysis was simulated in vitro by a combination of freeze-thaw, osmotic shock, and shear stress using blood from mice, rats, dogs, cynomolgus macaque monkeys, and humans. Quantification of cytokines interferon gamma, interleukins (IL) IL-10, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, interferon gamma-induced protein 10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α was evaluated after spiking into hemolyzed and nonhemolyzed serum samples using Meso Scale Discovery and Bio-Rad Bioplex 200 platforms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparison of cytokine levels in hemolyzed samples vs nonhemolyzed controls demonstrated that slight hemolysis (H index = 1 equivalent to 11-130 mg/dL of hemoglobin) did not interfere with the accuracy of cytokine quantification in most cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence of slight hemolysis was present in most hemolyzed samples across species. We show that, in general, the cytokines can be accurately quantified in animal samples when slight to moderate hemolysis is present.</p>","PeriodicalId":46361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1105-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Reference Change Values When Only 2 Analytical Results Are Known.","authors":"Arne Åsberg, Gustav Mikkelsen","doi":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf033","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1427-1429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmeasurable Total Bilirubin in an 80-Year-Old Man.","authors":"Najmul Aufa Mohamad Zulkipli, Yin Ye Lai, Subashini C Thambiah, Intan Nureslyna Samsudin, Muhamad Syahmi Nazli","doi":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf079","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jalm/jfaf079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1411-1417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}