{"title":"Advancing Excellence in Infusion Nursing: Reflections From the 2026 INS Annual Meeting.","authors":"Susan Lown","doi":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000656","DOIUrl":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infusion Nursing","volume":"49 4","pages":"201-203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Jet Lidocaine on Pain and Anxiety During Peripheral Venous Access: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Esra Aydin, Sevda Uzun","doi":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000650","DOIUrl":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the effect of jet lidocaine on pain and anxiety during peripheral venous access.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and the YÖK Thesis Center without year limitation. Five randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment were performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools, and study selection was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The findings were synthesized using meta-analysis and narrative synthesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled analysis demonstrated that jet lidocaine significantly reduced anxiety related to peripheral venous access (standardized mean difference: -1.031; 95% confidence interval: -1.653 to -0.409; Z = -3.249; P = .001; I2 = 89.98%). However, its effect on pain was not statistically significant (standardized mean difference: -0.817; 95% confidence interval: -1.817 to 0.182; Z = -1.602; P = .109; I2 = 96.57%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Jet lidocaine may be an effective option for reducing anxiety during peripheral venous access; however, its effect on pain was not statistically significant. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols and larger sample sizes are needed to clarify its analgesic effectiveness and clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infusion Nursing","volume":"49 4","pages":"204-212"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intravenous Sodium Bicarbonate: An Overview of Its Evolving Role in Metabolic Acidosis, Safety Concerns, and Administration Considerations.","authors":"Michael Beshir, Genene Salman","doi":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000653","DOIUrl":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000653","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infusion Nursing","volume":"49 4","pages":"221-223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Injectable Promethazine in Infusion Practice.","authors":"Craig A Stevens","doi":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000649","DOIUrl":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000649","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infusion Nursing","volume":"49 3","pages":"171-172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baudolino Mussa, Noemí Cortés Rey, Fredericus H J van Loon, Gema Munoz Mozas, Vincent Piriou
{"title":"Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Complications: A Comparative Analysis of 6 Reference Documents.","authors":"Baudolino Mussa, Noemí Cortés Rey, Fredericus H J van Loon, Gema Munoz Mozas, Vincent Piriou","doi":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000640","DOIUrl":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to analyze current evidence-based pan-European standards of good clinical practice in the use of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) to determine if they meet clinicians' needs for unambiguous, standardized guidance for the prevention and management of PIVC-associated complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Reference documents meeting agreed inclusion criteria were identified and analyzed. Documents were systematically searched for terms (selected based on expertise of the authors and supported by scientific literature) most likely to be associated with the prevention/management of complications associated with the use of PIVCs. A matrix was constructed to visualize the degree of consensus across guidelines regarding prevention and management terminology. Recommendations for optimizing clarity and standardization across Europe were proposed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Few European reference documents included PIVCs within their scope, and few were subject to a quality review. Adherence to the established GRADE framework of rating supporting evidence was missing from all reference documents. There was ambiguous terminology across documents and many instances of omission of terms rated important by the authors for the prevention and management of complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An English-language European guideline for the prevention of complications associated with PIVCs is needed, featuring consensus terminology and a standardized, systematic, and transparent method for grading evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":46291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infusion Nursing","volume":"49 3","pages":"162-170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mary Jo Sarver, Elizabeth Ser, John Toler, Michael Simanonok
{"title":"Implanted Vascular Access Port Flush Frequency: Striking the Balance Between Patient Convenience and Clinical Safety.","authors":"Mary Jo Sarver, Elizabeth Ser, John Toler, Michael Simanonok","doi":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000642","DOIUrl":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Guidelines from the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) and Infusion Nurses Society (INS) were reviewed to establish a flushing protocol. No consensus on implanted vascular access port (IVAP) flush frequency was recommended. Guidelines suggest extending up to 12 weeks may be safe based on functionality. However, limited research on the risks associated with stagnant reservoir contents leaves this practice under debate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An oncology clinic studied IVAP flush practices during the COVID-19 pandemic when routine care was delayed. Concerns arose about biofilm, clots, or other harmful substances being flushed into patients. A new approach was developed to observe IVAP reservoir contents, allowing abnormal substances to be aspirated and discarded before flushing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 150 patients observed from 5 to 17+ weeks, visible clots and altered reservoir contents were found in 52% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest that prolonged intervals between flushes may increase risks associated with stagnant IVAP contents. This research highlights the need for further studies to establish safe and evidence-based flush frequencies. The new observational method offers a proactive approach to identify and remove harmful substances, helping to mitigate risks when routine IVAP maintenance is delayed. Ensuring patient safety requires further investigation into the physiological impacts of extended flush intervals.</p>","PeriodicalId":46291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infusion Nursing","volume":"49 3","pages":"140-148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hammam Ahmed, Jennifer Acelajado, Roxanne Canicula, Catherine Noche, Stacy Hall
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Catheter-to-Vein Ratio Definitions and Calculations: A Review of Diameter-Based vs Area-Based Approaches.","authors":"Hammam Ahmed, Jennifer Acelajado, Roxanne Canicula, Catherine Noche, Stacy Hall","doi":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000639","DOIUrl":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are vital for long-term intravenous therapy but increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), a process commonly explained through the conceptual framework of Virchow's Triad: stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability. The catheter-to-vein ratio (CVR), a key modifiable thrombosis risk factor that primarily influences stasis, lacks a universal definition, causing variability in measurement, thresholds, and clinical use. This study compares the diameter-based approach commonly cited in the literature with the area-based approach later adapted for clinical CVR tools, emphasizing that both gain from standard geometric relationships rather than distinct mathematical formulations. Through mathematical conversion, the analysis reveals that a 45% diameter-based CVR corresponds to approximately a 20% area-based CVR, underscoring substantial discrepancies when assuming equivalence. The study endorses a 20% area-based (45% diameter-based) CVR threshold for oncology patients and a 33% area-based (57% diameter-based) threshold for noncancer patients. A harmonized CVR reference is proposed to bridge the gap between methods. To enhance consistency and patient safety, the study advocates for a standardized CVR definition, consistent vein measurement techniques, and stricter control of confounders in future research. It further recommends developing a next-generation CVR calculator integrating hemodynamic and clotting risk factors to refine VTE risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":46291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infusion Nursing","volume":"49 3","pages":"149-161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dislodgement Rates of Tunneled Femoral Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Pediatric Oncology Patients.","authors":"Yuejie Yang, Xuxia Chen, Shuofang Yang, Zhen Li, Fangfang Cheng, Jian Li, Hongfan Xue","doi":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000637","DOIUrl":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to compare catheter dislodgement rates between abdominal wall-tunneled femoral peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and conventional upper arm PICCs in pediatric oncology patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis included 355 pediatric oncology patients from Shandong Cancer Hospital (March 2022 to March 2025). Patients were divided into the Tunnel group (abdominal wall-tunneled femoral PICC, n = 145) and Conventional group (upper arm PICC, n = 210). The primary outcome was unplanned catheter dislodgement (external migration >3 cm or complete dislodgement). The Kaplan-Meier method estimated cumulative dislodgement rates; Cox regression identified influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dislodgement rate was 12.41% in the Tunnel group vs 40.95% in the Conventional group (χ2 = 33.727, P < .001). The mean indwelling time was longer in the Tunnel group (181.50 ± 54.72 days vs 114.97 ± 55.84 days; t = -11.165, P < .001). Survival curves showed higher cumulative catheter survival in the Tunnel group (log-rank P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Abdominal wall-tunneled femoral PICCs significantly reduce dislodgement risk and prolong indwelling time, providing a stable central venous access for pediatric oncology patients requiring long-term therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infusion Nursing","volume":"49 3","pages":"173-179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Local Innovation to National Impact: Implementation of a Nurse-Led Vascular Access Specialist Team and Implications for Infusion Nursing in Poland.","authors":"Maciej Latos","doi":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000638","DOIUrl":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vascular access specialist teams (VASTs) are established worldwide to enhance the safety and efficiency of vascular access procedures. In Poland, nurse-led VASTs are a novel concept.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate whether implementation of a nurse-led VAST improved the efficiency and safety of vascular access devices in a large academic hospital in Poland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective analysis included long peripheral intravenous catheters inserted from 2021 to 2024 and midline catheters inserted from 2022 to 2024. Data were obtained from hospital records and the electronic medical record (EMR) after integration of VAST documentation in 2023. Outcomes included insertion time, number of attempts, dwell and withdrawal times, and reasons for removal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the study period, time to catheter insertion decreased (14.27 days in 2022 vs 4.34 days in 2024), the number of insertion attempts declined, dwell and withdrawal times increased, and the proportion of removals due to complications decreased from 38.37% to 22.92%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implementation of a nurse-led VAST improved efficiency and safety of vascular access, demonstrating fewer insertion attempts, longer dwell times, and lower complication rates. These findings indicate that the VAST model can be successfully adapted in health care systems where nurse-led vascular access practice has not previously existed.</p>","PeriodicalId":46291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infusion Nursing","volume":"49 3","pages":"180-192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How We Are Recognized Matters.","authors":"Susan Lown","doi":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000644","DOIUrl":"10.1097/NAN.0000000000000644","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infusion Nursing","volume":"49 3","pages":"137-138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}