Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs最新文献

{"title":"No decline in drug overdose deaths in Norway: An ecological approach to understanding at-risk groups and the impact of interventions","authors":"Ellen J Amundsen, Anne-Karine M Melsom, Bjørn O Eriksen, Maja-Lisa Løchen","doi":"10.1177/14550725231195413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14550725231195413","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This Norwegian case study examines groups at risk of drug overdose deaths, evidence-based harm reduction interventions, low-threshold services and treatment implemented, as well as trends in drug overdose deaths between 2010 and 2021. We aimed to explore the relevance of interventions for at-risk groups and discuss their potential impact on drug overdose trends. Method/data: Using an ecological approach, we analysed the following: (1) groups identified through latent profile analysis (LPA) among a sample of 413 high-risk drug users collected in 2010–2012, supplemented with other relevant studies up to 2021; (2) published information on harm-reduction interventions, low-threshold services and treatment in Norway; and (3) nationwide drug overdose mortality figures supplemented with published articles on the topic. Results: High-risk drug users in 2010–2012 commonly engaged in frequent illegal drug use, injecting and poly-drug use (including pharmaceutical opioids), which continued into following decade. The interventions implemented between 2010 and 2021 were relevant for at-risk groups identified in the surveys. However, there was no decrease in the trend of drug overdose deaths up to 2021. While relevant interventions may have mitigated a theoretical increase in mortality, new at-risk groups may have contributed to fatal outcomes associated with pharmaceutical opioids. Conclusion: The interventions were relevant to the risk groups identified among high-risk drug users and potentially effective in preventing an increase in drug overdose trends. However, tailored interventions are needed for individuals at risk of death from prescribed opioids. Comprehensive studies encompassing all at-risk populations, including both legal and non-medical users of prescription opioids, are needed.","PeriodicalId":46180,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135385968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and heritability of alcohol use disorders in 18-year old Swedish twins.","authors":"Malin Hildebrand Karlén,&nbsp;Ann-Sophie Lindqvist Bagge,&nbsp;Ulf Berggren,&nbsp;Claudia Fahlke,&nbsp;Peter Andiné,&nbsp;Sabrina Doering,&nbsp;Sebastian Lundström","doi":"10.1177/14550725221090383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14550725221090383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Heritability of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) varies widely, with reported estimates of 30-78% in twin studies. This variation might be due to methodological differences (e.g., using different thresholds for AUDs, age differences between samples). <b>Aim</b>: To investigate the heritability of AUDs in a nation-wide sample of male and female twins in late adolescence (18 years). <b>Participants</b>: The study is based on data from 8,330 18-year-old Swedish monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study (Sweden). <b>Method</b>: Univariate sex-limitation twin analyses were performed using (a) total AUDIT score, (b) different AUDIT cut-offs (AUDIT-10: potentially harmful alcohol use and most likely alcohol dependent ; AUDIT-C: potential hazardous alcohol consumption/active alcohol use disorders), and (c) a risk-group classification for alcohol dependence based on AUDIT total score. <b>Results</b>: Prevalence of potential hazardous alcohol consumption/active alcohol use was 57.1%, and for potentially harmful alcohol use prevalence was 26.5%. Prevalence was higher among females (59.0% and 31.1% respectively) than males (54.4% and 20.0% respectively). Overall, the results of the univariate model fitting indicated that there were qualitative sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on AUDs, with generally moderate heritability estimates ranging between 0.37 and 0.50. <b>Discussion</b>: At odds with previous research, a harmful/hazardous drinking pattern was more common in this age group among females than a low-risk drinking pattern (where males were overrepresented). Heritability estimates were moderate throughout all measures and cut-offs, with equally high contributions from shared and non-shared environment. Sex-limitation models revealed qualitative sex differences for AUDs, suggesting that different genetic and/or environmental factors influence variation in AUDs in males and females.</p>","PeriodicalId":46180,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs","volume":"40 4","pages":"391-405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/64/57/10.1177_14550725221090383.PMC10472931.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10153195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School collective efficacy and gambling: A multilevel study of 11th grade students in Stockholm.","authors":"Gabriella Olsson,&nbsp;Bitte Modin,&nbsp;Sara Brolin Låftman","doi":"10.1177/14550725221143174","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14550725221143174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to investigate variations between schools when it comes to gambling and risk gambling, and, in particular, to analyse the links between school collective efficacy and student gambling and risk gambling. The data consists of official register information on schools as well as survey data collected in 2016 among 1,061 teachers and 5,191 students in 46 Stockholm upper secondary schools. School collective efficacy was operationalized on the basis of teacher responses, which were aggregated to the school level. Gambling and risk gambling were based on students' self-reports. Two-level binary logistic regression analyses were performed. The results show that there is between-school variation in gambling and in all the study's indicators of risk gambling. Both gambling and risk gambling were more commonly reported by students attending schools with weak collective efficacy, even when adjusting for student- and school-level sociodemographic characteristics. The findings suggest that conditions at school may counteract students' engagement in gambling and risk gambling.</p>","PeriodicalId":46180,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs","volume":"40 4","pages":"327-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a2/fb/10.1177_14550725221143174.PMC10472926.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10153191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"You get stuck in it\": Young people's accounts of attempting to quit non-medical tramadol use.","authors":"Kristin Arve","doi":"10.1177/14550725231160330","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14550725231160330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> Non-medical use of tramadol and other prescription opioid use has become a great concern in many countries, including Sweden. This study examines key components in young people's accounts of attempting to quit drugs, focusing on non-medical use of tramadol. <b>Methods:</b> Repeated qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 individuals aged 19-24 years with experiences of problems related to non-medical tramadol use. The analysis used the concepts of autonomy, competence, and relatedness from self-determination theory. <b>Results:</b> Three themes emerged from the young people's accounts: (1) quitting initiated by parents and professionals; (2) being willing, but unable; and (3) between ambivalence and determination. These themes demonstrate conflicting emotions towards drug use along with a significant external pressure to quit, but also difficulties in quitting due to experiences of dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and mental health issues. For most participants, however, an increasing autonomous will and ability to abstain from drugs gradually developed, with the support from trusted relationships with professionals, family, and friends playing a crucial role. <b>Conclusion:</b> The process of trying to quit non-medical tramadol use can be challenging and involve a complex interaction between willingness and capability, where external influence can be either facilitating or hindering. This study highlights the importance of taking into account young people's own perspectives in treatment efforts, where trust is a key component.</p>","PeriodicalId":46180,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs","volume":"40 4","pages":"355-370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10472933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10153192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and facilitative factors in the provision of first-responder services to persons bereaved following a drug-related death: A qualitative study.","authors":"Hilde-Margit Løseth,&nbsp;Lillian Bruland Selseng,&nbsp;Kari Dyregrov","doi":"10.1177/14550725231165445","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14550725231165445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> To broaden our knowledge from the perspective of municipality first-responder services of what prevents and what facilitates the provision of professional assistance to the bereaved after a drug-related death during the acute phase. <b>Method:</b> A reflexive thematic analysis was applied in six focus group interviews with 27 first-responder personnel in Norway. <b>Results:</b> The acute phase presented a challenging and complex support situation. We identified two main barriers: failure to initiate services and difficulties meeting with bereaved persons who use drugs. Facilitative factors were associated with competence and proactive cooperation. We discuss the findings in light of associated stigma, disenfranchised grief and an ecological approach to public services. <b>Conclusion:</b> First-responder professionals must understand drug-related death as a potentially traumatising event and initiate the procedures set out in the national guidelines. To achieve this, first-responder health and welfare services must become more knowledgeable about drug-related loss and bereavement, acute grief reactions and the need for psychosocial follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":46180,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs","volume":"40 4","pages":"371-390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d8/9a/10.1177_14550725231165445.PMC10472927.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10149855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criminal thinking and psychosocial characteristics among young adults entering residential substance use treatment.","authors":"Regine Bakken,&nbsp;Lars Lien,&nbsp;Halvor Fauske,&nbsp;Jūratė Šaltytė Benth,&nbsp;Anne Signe Landheim","doi":"10.1177/14550725231160337","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14550725231160337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and aim:</b> Young adults with substance use (SU) problems face a high risk of co-occurring problems, including criminality. The aim of the present study was to assess the psychosocial characteristics, SU problems, and criminal thinking young adults entering SU treatment have, and whether the SU characteristics, sex and age are associated with criminal thinking scores. <b>Methods:</b> The sample was 407 young adults aged 16-29 years who underwent an entry assessment between January 2011 and December 2016 at a residential SU treatment institution in Norway. All study data were extracted from electronic health records, including survey information from the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment and the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles. <b>Results:</b> In the present sample, severe SU, high rates of psychosocial problems, and criminal thinking were reported. Almost three-quarters (72.67%) of young adults reported high levels of criminal thinking (≥60). However, male participants were more likely to report high levels of criminal thinking compared to female participants (p=0.031). In bivariate regression models, only sex and having stimulants/opioids as primary drug were associated with mean levels of criminal thinking. The same was true in the multiple regression model. <b>Conclusion:</b> Young adults in residential SU treatment are a multi-problem high-risk/high-need group of people. Due to the elevated levels of criminal thinking, we recommend that young adults in SU treatment should be screened for criminogenic treatment needs, such as criminal thinking, regardless of justice involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":46180,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs","volume":"40 4","pages":"339-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6e/56/10.1177_14550725231160337.PMC10472929.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10154714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yet another alcohol policy experiment in Finland.","authors":"Matilda Hellman","doi":"10.1177/14550725231185910","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14550725231185910","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46180,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs","volume":"40 4","pages":"325-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f1/c7/10.1177_14550725231185910.PMC10472928.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10202620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of occupational therapy in substance use.","authors":"Selma Ercan Doğu,&nbsp;Esma Özkan","doi":"10.1177/14550725221149472","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14550725221149472","url":null,"abstract":"Substance use disorder is a current serious public health problem that negatively affects the client, the family and the community. Substance use has negative effects on the structure and function of the body, restrictions on daily personal activities and participation in life (O’Day, 2009). In addition, individuals with substance use disorder are socially isolated and exposed to stigmatisation. Therefore, it is essential to integrate them into society. Unfortunately, the rate of drug use has been steadily increasing, and intervention programmes remain inadequate. Many existing substance use programmes showed low success rates; approximately 80%–90% of individuals relapse within the first year of their recovery, and 60% were dissatisfied with the services provided and drop out of treatment (Shaffer et al., 2004; Wasmuth et al., 2015). Therefore, the risk of relapse into substance use and the difficulty quitting nature of the addiction requires a multidisciplinary approach (Cruz, 2019). In addition, substance use affects the individual negatively in many respects; in their occupational and social life, there seems to be a need for holistic approaches in addition to many medical approaches. It may be beneficial to consider occupational therapy approaches in recovery from substance use, as substance use negatively affects occupational participation (Stone, 2017). The aim of the present study was","PeriodicalId":46180,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs","volume":"40 4","pages":"406-413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/55/19/10.1177_14550725221149472.PMC10472932.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10154710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of beverage-specific, alcohol consumption trajectories: A Swedish population-based cohort study.","authors":"Anna Sidorchuk,&nbsp;Karin Engström,&nbsp;Jette Möller,&nbsp;Katalin Gémes","doi":"10.1177/14550725221124386","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14550725221124386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> The aim of the study was to examine whether changes in alcohol consumption over time differ according to beverage types, and to what extent socioeconomic, lifestyle and health-related factors predict beverage-specific trajectories in Sweden. <b>Study design:</b> We included participants from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort who were surveyed repeatedly in 2002, 2010 and 2014. Alcohol consumption trajectories were constructed for 13,152 individuals with valid information on amount and frequency of drinking. Preferred beverage types (i.e., beer, wine or spirits) were defined based on the most consumed beverages. Multinomial logistic regression was used to quantify individual predictors of different trajectories, overall and by beverage type. <b>Results:</b> Overall 56.9% of respondents were women, the mean age was 49.2 years, SD (13.1). Wine was cited as the preferred beverage for 72.4% of participants, and stable moderate drinking was the most common trajectory regardless of beverage type (68.2%, 54.9% and 54.2% in individuals with wine, beer and spirits as preferred beverages, respectively). Associations between drinking trajectories and baseline lifestyle factors did not differ by beverage type. Lower socioeconomic position (SEP) was associated with unstable moderate wine drinking (for unskilled manual SEP: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23, 1.93), unstable heavy beer drinking (for skilled manual SEP: aOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.14, 3.52; and unskilled manual SEP: aOR 1.72, 95% CI 1.05, 2.82), and former beer drinking trajectory (for skilled manual SEP: aOR 1.81; 95% CI 1.21, 2.72; and unskilled manual SEP: aOR 1.66; 95% CI 1.17, 2.37). <b>Conclusion:</b> Lower SEP was associated with unstable heavy drinking of beer, former beer drinking, and unstable moderate wine drinking trajectories indicating that targeted alcohol prevention programmes need to focus on these groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":46180,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs","volume":"40 3","pages":"233-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d2/78/10.1177_14550725221124386.PMC10225962.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9908050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The public-private decision for alcohol retail systems: Examining the economic, health, and social impacts of alternative systems in Finland.","authors":"Adam Sherk,&nbsp;Tim Stockwell,&nbsp;Justin Sorge,&nbsp;Samuel Churchill,&nbsp;Colin Angus,&nbsp;Tanya Chikritzhs,&nbsp;John Holmes,&nbsp;Petra Meier,&nbsp;Timothy S Naimi,&nbsp;Thor Norström,&nbsp;Mats Ramstedt,&nbsp;Jussi Simpura","doi":"10.1177/14550725231160335","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14550725231160335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Organising alcohol retail systems with more or less public ownership has implications for health and the economy. The aim of the present study was to estimate the economic, health, and social impacts of alcohol use in Finland in 2018 (baseline), and in two alternative scenarios in which current partial public ownership of alcohol retail sales is either increased or fully privatised. <b>Methods:</b> Baseline alcohol-attributable harms and costs were estimated across five categories of death, disability, and criminal justice. Two alternate alcohol retail systems were defined as privately owned stores selling: (1) only low strength alcoholic beverages (public ownership scenario, similar to Sweden); or (2) all beverages (private ownership scenario). Policy analyses were conducted to estimate changes in alcohol use per capita. Health and economic impacts were modelled using administrative data and epidemiological modelling. <b>Results:</b> In Finland in 2018, alcohol use was estimated to be responsible for €1.51 billion (95% Uncertainty Estimates: €1.43 billion, €1.58 billion) in social cost, 3,846 deaths, and 270,652 criminal justice events. In the public ownership scenario, it was estimated that alcohol use would decline by 15.8% (11.8%, 19.7%) and social cost by €384.3 million (€189.5 million, €559.2 million). Full privatisation was associated with an increase in alcohol use of 9.0% (6.2%, 11.8%) and an increase in social cost of €289.7 million (€140.8 million, €439.5 million). <b>Conclusion:</b> The outcome from applying a novel analytical approach suggests that more public ownership of the alcohol retail system may lead to significant decreases in alcohol-caused death, disability, crime, and social costs. Conversely, full privatisation of the ownership model would lead to increased harm and costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46180,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs","volume":"40 3","pages":"218-232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10225965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10297469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}