Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal最新文献

{"title":"Editor's Note","authors":"Quill Kukla","doi":"10.1353/ken.2023.a917927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2023.a917927","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> Editor’s Note <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Quill Kukla, <em>Editor-in-Chief</em> </li> </ul> <p><strong>T</strong>his issue of the <em>Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal</em> contains two essays and one dialogue, all of which concern ethical and epistemological issues that arise at the meeting point of our cognitive and mental lives and technology.</p> <p>In the first piece, two leading bioethicists with expertise in neurotechnology, James Giordano and Joseph J. Fins, discuss a wide range of complex problems surrounding people with disorders of consciousness that make their mental states opaque to observers. It is especially difficult to know how to respectfully care for and interact with such people, since we cannot directly communicate with them and our technological methods for discerning whether and how they are conscious are nascent and unreliable. People with these disorders challenge our norms for decision-making and patient care, including end of life care. It is easy for doctors, who may only sporadically have contact with people with these disorders, to be unaware of their consciousness altogether. Because caring for people with these sorts of consciousness disorders is typically technologically intense, such care also raises difficult questions concerning resource allocation. Giordano and Fins discuss these and a wide range of other issues in depth. Their discussion of how the tools of disability studies and disability rights advocacy can and should be applied when it comes to people with whom we cannot communicate is particularly powerful. As Fins points out, the important principle, “Nothing about us without us,” cannot be honored in the case of people whose voices and experiences we cannot discern; this slogan presupposes communicative abilities. Fins and Giordano challenge us to revisit our concepts of accessibility and inclusion in ways that might let them be adapted to the needs of people with consciousness disorders.</p> <p>Phoebe Friesen and Anna Swartz—in “The First Smart Pill: Digital Revolution or Last Gasp?”—offer a critical social history of Abilify MyCite, a version of the popular antipsychotic drug Abilify, which contains a small sensor that digitally tracks when patients take the medication, thereby enabling compliance information to be shared with health care professionals. Friesen and Swartz show in detail the ways in which the story <strong>[End Page ix]</strong> of this drug’s use and uptake were fundamentally shaped by marketing pressures and financial incentives. Even though we do not actually have good evidence that the drug provides benefits that normal Abilify does not provide, nor that it increases compliance, Abilify MyCite was marketed as a success story. Bioethicists who were paid consultants for Otsuka, the maker of the drug, offered shallow analyses that justified the drug’s existe","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139551732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Robots to Fend Off Loneliness?","authors":"Zohar Lederman, Nancy S. Jecker","doi":"10.1353/ken.2023.a917929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2023.a917929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social robots are increasingly being deployed to address social isolation and loneliness, particularly among older adults. Clips on social media attest that individuals availing themselves of this option are pleased with their robot companions. Yet, some people find the use of social robots to meet fundamental human emotional needs disturbing. This article clarifies and critically evaluates this response. It sets forth a framework for loneliness, which characterizes one kind of loneliness as involving an affective experience of lacking <i>human</i> relations that provide certain social goods. Next, the article discusses social robots and critically reviews the literature on the ethics of using them in light of this loneliness characterization. Third, we present a normative argument connecting the philosophical critique of loneliness-as-absence with the design and deployment of social robots. Finally, we draw out the implications of our analysis for public health and for interrogating the aims of commercial companies who make social robots.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139551472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributors.","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/ken.2024.a943426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2024.a943426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"vi-vii"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the <i>Kennedy Institute of Ethics</i> Special Issue, \"Situating Neurodiversity and Madness\".","authors":"Quill R Kukla, Rua Mae Williams","doi":"10.1353/ken.2024.a958990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2024.a958990","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"34 2","pages":"ix-xv"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomy and Mental Health Care: Enabling The Pursuit of A Life Of Meaning.","authors":"Abigail Gosselin","doi":"10.1353/ken.2024.a958996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2024.a958996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the central aims of mental healthcare should be to increase a person's autonomous agency. In a mental healthcare context, it is often argued that mental healthcare should maximize a person's autonomy so they can make autonomous choices about their treatment. My argument in this paper is broader: mental healthcare should increase autonomous agency so that a person can exercise direction over their life and live a life of meaning. Mental healthcare can and ought to increase autonomous agency by helping the person achieve both internal and external conditions of autonomy. Mental healthcare can fulfill these conditions by reducing mental illness symptoms and thus enhancing competence and voluntariness, increasing the capacity for reflective endorsement by examining the influence of social norms, enabling normative authority through the development of self-worth, and connecting individuals with services that can provide multiple good options to choose from.</p>","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"34 2","pages":"283-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Patients to Citizens-Narrative Solidarity in Healthcare.","authors":"Aleksandra Glos","doi":"10.1353/ken.2024.a943430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2024.a943430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article analyzes the meaning of solidarity for bioethics and healthcare. Drawing on the anthropology of embodiment, it argues that solidarity arises upon relations of care for our vulnerable bodies and transforms it into our common democratic project. Its main focus is, therefore, not on distribution, which is the purpose of justice, but on the recognition and democratic inclusion of persons who-due to the vulnerable condition of their bodies-are still deprived of full participation in the public sphere. By reorienting caring relationships around the horizontal axis, solidarity obliges us to treat a person who is cared for not only as a passive recipient of healthcare goods, but as a fellow citizen and a partner in the process of care. It is argued that the model of narrative citizenship, by establishing discursive equality between a patient and a physician, can contribute to greater inclusion of vulnerable individuals into our societies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"61-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Participatory Research and Methods Bring To Ethics: Insights From Pragmatism, Social Science, and Psychology.","authors":"Eric Racine","doi":"10.1353/ken.2024.a943431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2024.a943431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ethics can be envisioned as a process where human beings move from a more passive stance in their moral lives to a more active one, in which the moral aspects of their lives become the basis of a project to best live one's life. Participatory research and methods would appear essential to ethics in this light, yet they remain rather marginally used in bioethics. In this article, I argue that participatory research methods are particularly compelling means of ethical enactments because of their ability-when carried out properly-to help promote self-actualization. Although I cannot review in detail the vast array of participatory research undertaken in management, education, communication, and so on, I pinpoint the advantages of this orientation to research, especially in light of a pragmatist and deliberative form of ethics that aims to help understand and enact human flourishing. These advantages include: (1) the co-understanding and co-reconstruction of problem situations and responses; (2) the importance attributed to meaning and intersubjectivity; (3) mutual learning (moral co-learning); (4) empowerment for effective eudemonistic change; and (5) opening the evaluation of outcomes to human flourishing. I also explain that these attributes of participatory research and methods do not preclude the use of non-participatory methods and approaches in ethics.</p>","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"99-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wtf is madness anyway: (My love affair with BoJack Horseman).","authors":"Slp","doi":"10.1353/ken.2024.a958991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2024.a958991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"34 2","pages":"135-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walking and Talking, Rocking and Rolling: Moral Visibility in Contexts of Technology Development.","authors":"Ashley Shew, Janna van Grunsven","doi":"10.1353/ken.2024.a958992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2024.a958992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many technologies that are purportedly developed to improve the lives of disabled people reflect an ableist ideology that devalues rather than supports disabled bodyminds. In this paper we attribute this tendency to a neurotypical form of perception that obscures disabled people's moral visibility, understood as their visibility as richly expressive and interaction-worthy sense-making individuals. Relying heavily on examples drawn from scholarship on and community with augmentative and alternative communication technology (AAC tech)-that is, communication technology designed for and used by nonspeaking people-we take the expressive bodies and voices of disabled people as well as technology's role in forming expressivity and voice as important loci for redressing neurotypical ableist perceptions widely embedded in practices of engineering and science. Through our AAC tech discussion, we map different modes and degrees of moral (in)visibility, offering this mapping as an analytic resource for technologists committed to anti-ableist technology. Additionally, we also trace how technologies can be used and tinkered with in ways that can open up more (neuro)expansive, diversity-embracing ways of perceiving disabled lives. Ultimately, our account aims to motivate technologists to embrace such an expansive approach. We conclude by tentatively indicating some ways in which this approach can be operationalized in engineering and science practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"34 2","pages":"155-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributors.","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/ken.2024.a958989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2024.a958989","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46167,"journal":{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal","volume":"34 2","pages":"vii-viii"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}