Leadership in Health Services最新文献

{"title":"A conceptual framework for health-promoting leadership in healthcare inspired by the Okanagan Charter.","authors":"Victor Do, Kordan Harvey, Jerry M Maniate","doi":"10.1108/LHS-07-2025-0116","DOIUrl":"10.1108/LHS-07-2025-0116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The wellbeing of healthcare workers is increasingly recognized as foundational to high-quality care and sustainable health systems. While various leadership frameworks promote wellbeing, there remains a gap in system-wide strategies that integrate equity, psychological safety and health promotion into leadership practice. This paper aims to address that gap by adapting the Okanagan Charter, originally developed for health-promoting universities, into a novel framework for health-promoting leadership in healthcare.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach: </strong>This conceptual paper reinterprets the principles of the Okanagan Charter through the lens of inclusive, distributed and compassionate leadership. The authors adapt an established six-domain model to the health leadership context: embed health in all policies, adapt spaces to promote wellbeing, create thriving communities and cultures, support meaningful personal and professional development, promote engagement with health services and collaborate in continuous improvement and evaluation. For each domain, they provide theoretical rationale, leadership strategies and practice-based illustrations.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>This paper critically examines the applicability of the Okanagan Charter within healthcare leadership, highlights practical implementation challenges and presents a revised leadership case study grounded in real-world complexity. The findings demonstrate the utility of the six-domain model in guiding leaders to embed wellbeing into everyday practice.</p><p><strong>Originality/value: </strong>This paper advances existing scholarship by explicitly extending Okanagan Charter-aligned work into the domain of healthcare leadership. It offers a clear, theory-informed roadmap for leaders to integrate wellbeing, equity and health promotion into the fabric of organizational life, positioning health-promoting leadership as a strategic imperative for resilient, inclusive and high-performing health systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":46165,"journal":{"name":"Leadership in Health Services","volume":" ","pages":"298-308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The shaky terrain of patient quality and safety: the potential of leadership to improve patient and staff experiences.","authors":"Rishika Selvakumar, Farinaz Havaei, David Birnbaum","doi":"10.1108/LHS-11-2024-0133","DOIUrl":"10.1108/LHS-11-2024-0133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Patient safety's inconsistent progress remains a prominent concern. Influential advocates recently identified faltering leadership in stalled initiatives. This study aims to identify how patient care quality and safety can be improved by analyzing leadership and organizational frameworks.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach: </strong>This multimethod study began with narrative review of existing literature on leadership for organizational frameworks in the context of patient-care quality and safety. The review informed development of scripted questions followed by semi-structured interviews with a purposeful sample of 11 healthcare leaders across Canada and the USA.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Key findings include consistent themes, along with indication by cited authors that important yet widely unfamiliar historical lessons from leading innovators along the past 100 years seem lost to institutional memory. Three themes emerged from the literature review: organizational ideology, the right leadership and organizational resilience. Several unique practical methods were discovered to be associated with consistent success. Additional interview themes include: a clear organizational mission, values and vision; personal values driving passion; all leaders and teams should collaborate; importance of a role model figure; importance of transparency; and flexibility to lead differently.</p><p><strong>Originality/value: </strong>Important achievements and innovations exist in isolated examples. Now is the time to rethink leadership for organizations to widely steady a continuous evolution of patient care quality and safety progress. This manuscript identifies methods for improvement that have not been considered from business literature and recognizes current perspectives of healthcare leaders, for application in the realm of patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":46165,"journal":{"name":"Leadership in Health Services","volume":" ","pages":"216-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145764269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring open innovation ecosystems in healthcare: pathways to innovation and efficiency.","authors":"Maria D'Agostini, Annarita Colamatteo, Maria Anna Pagnanelli, Marcello Sansone","doi":"10.1108/LHS-12-2024-0151","DOIUrl":"10.1108/LHS-12-2024-0151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to explore how open innovation practices in the healthcare sector can improve collaboration, while also fostering efficiency and quality of services. The analysis focuses on how open innovation can meet healthcare sector challenges and foster the development of innovative solutions through strategic approaches, process innovations and collaboration.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach: </strong>The study combines a systematic literature review, guided by the PRISMA flowchart, with an empirical analysis based on multiple case studies. While the literature review identified relevant studies on open innovation in healthcare, the empirical analysis examined concrete applications of these practices.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The results show a growing interest in open innovation, with the case study analysis identifying six categories, including innovations in processes, adoption of emerging technologies, strategic approaches, co-creation and intellectual capital management. In particular, open innovation practices facilitated collaboration between external and internal actors, leading to improved healthcare service quality and operational efficiency.</p><p><strong>Practical implications: </strong>Top management, through strong leadership and by implementing open innovation practices, can facilitate collaboration between actors in the healthcare ecosystem, coordinating values, goals and missions, and promoting the co-creation of innovative solutions. These will result in benefits associated with improved decision-making, problem-solving, incentivised employee engagement and improved holistic performance.</p><p><strong>Originality/value: </strong>This study offers an original contribution by adopting an ecosystem perspective and combining a systematic literature review with multiple case studies. It identifies six previously underexplored categories of innovation that reshape patient-centred care, therapeutic development and technology adoption, providing concrete managerial insights to enhance healthcare quality and efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":46165,"journal":{"name":"Leadership in Health Services","volume":" ","pages":"279-297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new paradigm: culturally competent leadership for indigenous health care.","authors":"Courtney Hamby, Carissa R Smock, Rick Wallace","doi":"10.1108/LHS-02-2025-0037","DOIUrl":"10.1108/LHS-02-2025-0037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This paper aims to introduce an adapted, culturally competent leadership conceptual framework for indigenous health care, aiming to improve health access and address gaps in Western-centric leadership models.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach: </strong>A systematic literature review and thematic analysis of 32 peer-reviewed articles were conducted, guided by transformational and cultural sensitivity frameworks to adapt a conceptual framework to support health access in indigenous communities.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The adapted indigenous leadership conceptual framework (AILCF) includes 11 interrelated leadership themes - visionary leadership, supportive and empathetic leadership, adaptive leadership, integrity and ethical leadership, communicative leadership, courageous leadership, cultural competence, community engagement and relationship-building, historical trauma and healing, structural change and leadership in crisis - synthesized through transformational and culturally sensitive leadership lenses to support equitable health access and culturally grounded leadership in indigenous health-care settings.</p><p><strong>Research limitations/implications: </strong>This qualitative review is limited by secondary data and geographic concentration within the USA.</p><p><strong>Practical implications: </strong>AILCF fosters culturally attuned leadership development and practice within indigenous health organizations, providing pathways to equitable health access.</p><p><strong>Originality/value: </strong>Unlike existing Western-centric models, the proposed framework incorporates historical trauma, relational accountability and cultural alignment, dimensions rarely reflected in traditional leadership theory. By reframing leadership as a culturally grounded, healing-centered practice, the AILCF offers a necessary contrast to dominant paradigms. This model contributes not by expanding leadership theory, but by disrupting its assumptions and advancing a more inclusive, context-specific understanding of what effective leadership entails in indigenous health-care systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":46165,"journal":{"name":"Leadership in Health Services","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicians' perspectives on barriers to and facilitators of physician leadership: a global systematic literature review.","authors":"Abdulrahman A Alsulami","doi":"10.1108/LHS-06-2025-0097","DOIUrl":"10.1108/LHS-06-2025-0097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The primary purpose of this systematic literature review is to provide a global, comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of physicians' perspectives on barriers to and facilitators of physician leadership.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach: </strong>This review included peer-reviewed empirical articles and dissertations/theses published in English from January 2014 to June 2024 examining the barriers to and/or facilitators of physician leadership from physicians' perspectives, either as primary objectives or emergent findings. A comprehensive search was conducted across 10 databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and Scopus. Tools and frameworks such as the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist, PRISMA flow diagram, SPIDER, Zotero, Rayyan and mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) were used to formulate research questions, screen studies, assess methodological quality and present the results. The findings were synthesized and organized into emergent themes.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The search started with 11,691 studies and ended with a final sample of 123 articles, comprising quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods designs. Three overarching themes were identified: individual-level, organizational-level and systemic-level barriers and facilitators. A total of 11 barriers (e.g. identity conflict, inadequate leadership training, negative perceptions about the physician leader) and seven facilitators (e.g. desire for influence and change, relational and practical support, health care reforms) were identified across studies.</p><p><strong>Research limitations/implications: </strong>The findings from this review may guide researchers, policymakers and healthcare organizations to develop and implement multi-level evidence-based interventions to help motivate, support and retain physician leaders worldwide.</p><p><strong>Originality/value: </strong>To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first systematic review to primarily explore barriers to and facilitators of physician leadership solely from physicians' perspectives. By analyzing 123 studies across diverse healthcare systems and contexts, this review offers a global, comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the individual, organizational and systemic factors influencing physicians' decisions to pursue leadership.</p>","PeriodicalId":46165,"journal":{"name":"Leadership in Health Services","volume":" ","pages":"128-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilient leadership and organizational resilience: mediation of nurses' well-being in Ugandan healthcare systems.","authors":"Mahadih Kyambade, Afulah Namatovu","doi":"10.1108/LHS-02-2025-0021","DOIUrl":"10.1108/LHS-02-2025-0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to explore the relationship between resilient leadership and organizational resilience in Ugandan healthcare systems, focusing on the mediating role of nurses' well-being. Given the high-stress nature of healthcare, fostering organizational resilience through effective leadership and nurses' well-being is crucial for sustaining quality service delivery.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach: </strong>A quantitative survey was conducted with 209 nurses across various healthcare facilities in Uganda. Data analysis was performed using the partial least squares (PLS) approach to examine the direct and mediating relationships between resilient leadership, nurses' well-being and organizational resilience.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The results reveal that nurse well-being significantly mediates the relationship between resilient leadership and organizational resilience. This suggests that resilient leadership positively influences nurses' well-being, which in turn enhances the overall resilience of healthcare organizations.</p><p><strong>Practical implications: </strong>The study highlights the importance of integrating well-being initiatives into leadership strategies to strengthen healthcare institutions. Healthcare leaders should prioritize nurses' well-being as a core component of resilience-building efforts. In addition, policymakers should support the implementation of well-being programs and leadership development initiatives to enhance organizational sustainability in healthcare.</p><p><strong>Originality/value: </strong>This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on resilience in healthcare by providing empirical evidence on the mediating role of nurses' well-being. It underscores the significance of employee-centered leadership in fostering organizational resilience, particularly in resource-constrained healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":46165,"journal":{"name":"Leadership in Health Services","volume":" ","pages":"90-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145439477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leadership in constrained healthcare systems: the impact of technology adaptation and organizational culture in Iran.","authors":"Alireza Hamzehlouie, Maziar Haghani","doi":"10.1108/LHS-07-2025-0105","DOIUrl":"10.1108/LHS-07-2025-0105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to explore the impact of transformational, transactional and servant leadership on organizational success, with specific attention to the moderating role of technology adaptation and potential mediating role of organizational culture in the Iranian healthcare system.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach: </strong>A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 340 healthcare professionals across public and private sector, using judgmental sampling and analyzing the data using correlation, regression analysis and PROCESS MACRO to test mediation and moderation.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Results confirm that leadership strategies, when considered as a composite construct have a statistically significant positive impact on organizational success, encompassing patient care quality, operational performance and employee engagement. Contrary to the theoretical expectations, the mediating role of organizational culture in this relationship was not supported, suggesting that cultural change may be less responsive to leadership efforts in bureaucratic healthcare systems. However, the study revealed that technological adaptation moderates the relationship between leadership and success, amplifying the effectiveness of leadership strategies in technologically adaptive environments.</p><p><strong>Originality/value: </strong>By extending leadership theory to a non-Western, resource-constrained healthcare setting, this research contributes to the global discourse on healthcare leadership and highlights the importance external contextual enablers in enhancing leadership effectiveness. It also challenges the assumed universality of cultural mediation models in leadership theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":46165,"journal":{"name":"Leadership in Health Services","volume":" ","pages":"111-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of nurses leadership orientation and patient-centered care practices: a descriptive study.","authors":"Gamzenur Cirit, Fahriye Vatan","doi":"10.1108/LHS-08-2025-0128","DOIUrl":"10.1108/LHS-08-2025-0128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to examine nurses' leadership orientations, patient-centered care practices and the relationship between the two.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach: </strong>Descriptive research design was used in this study. The study population consisted of 349 nurses working in adult wards of a university hospital in Turkiye. Data were collected between August 2021 and September 2021 using the \"Individual Information Form\", \"Multidimensional Leadership Orientations Scale (MLOS)\" and \"Patient-Centered Care Competency Scale (PCCS)\" with 185 nurses who agreed to participate in the study.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The total PCCS score was 72.90 ± 8.23 and the total MLOS was 75.9 ± 10.69. A positive, moderate relationship was found between nurses' leadership orientations and patient-centered care competencies.</p><p><strong>Research limitations/implications: </strong>The study population consisted of nurses (N = 349) working in adult wards at a university hospital. The sample consisted of nurses working in adult medical and surgical units who were selected by simple random sampling and volunteered to participate (n = 185). Nurses working in pediatric units, where a family centered care approach is prominent, were excluded from the study to focus on patient-centered care.</p><p><strong>Practical implications: </strong>In practice, organizations should align patient-centered care training with unit-level leadership programs; they should standardize \"participation-encouraging\" behaviors through phased development models for unit managers and clinical nurses. This approach can create a sustainable foundation for improving patient experience and team functioning.</p><p><strong>Originality/value: </strong>Although there are many studies on the concepts of leadership and patient-centered care (PCC) in the literature, only a limited number of studies have examined the role of leadership in the context of PCC. In existing studies, leadership has been examined from the perspective of managers or nurse educators, not nurses. Our study fills this gap in the literature by offering a different perspective for both healthcare managers and nurses. Beyond aligning with recent evidence on education and mentorship effects on PCC, this study adds novel nurse-level quantitative evidence linking structural and political leadership orientations with the \"promoting patient involvement\" and \"providing patient comfort\" patient-centered care subscales.</p>","PeriodicalId":46165,"journal":{"name":"Leadership in Health Services","volume":" ","pages":"149-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145606665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight from extreme healthcare contexts: co-leadership's stability paradox.","authors":"Emilie Gibeau","doi":"10.1108/LHS-04-2025-0069","DOIUrl":"10.1108/LHS-04-2025-0069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Despite its significant potential to bridge and integrate, co-leadership is known to be fragile - a graphic in an organigram that doesn't transmit reality or illustrate the paralysis of tensions. Moments of transition, including changes in co-leaders, render the arrangement particularly vulnerable. Yet, we know little about how to maintain the stability of co-leadership arrangements. This study aims to explore that shortcoming in the context of frequent co-leader transitions.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach: </strong>Data was collected during a longitudinal qualitative study of co-leadership - the sharing of a leadership role by two individuals - in a military healthcare organization, where a context of frequent personnel rotations gives rise to almost yearly leadership transition events. An inductive analysis of 32 semistructured interviews with tactical-level co-leaders revealed three main factors contributing to the stability of this model, which has been in place for over 20 years.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>In this case, the stability of co-leadership is rooted in three elements. First, similar structural arrangements and traditions are widely practiced and accepted within the field. Second, there is a common understanding that roles and relationships are negotiated on a temporary basis. Third, patterns of distancing contribute to maintaining the existing state.</p><p><strong>Originality/value: </strong>The ongoing replacement of leaders in an established co-leadership structure made for a unique and extreme case of instability, revealing the paradox of stability: in this case, the stability of the arrangement derives from the instability of its membership and from a shared view of its inner workings as a temporary modus operandi.</p>","PeriodicalId":46165,"journal":{"name":"Leadership in Health Services","volume":" ","pages":"77-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the solutions: a typology of rural health workforce interventions in federally qualified health centers.","authors":"Courtney Hamby, Leshay McNack","doi":"10.1108/LHS-04-2025-0068","DOIUrl":"10.1108/LHS-04-2025-0068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to develop a theory-informed typology of rural health workforce development interventions specific to Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). Guided by Bronfenbrenner's Social Ecological Model, and using a PRISMA-based systematic review, this paper synthesizes the types, characteristics and strategic orientations of interventions implemented to support recruitment, training and retention of health professionals in rural and underserved settings.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach: </strong>A systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, drawing on five academic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Science Direct, PsycInfo and Health Source Nursing/Academic). Thirty-five peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2025 were analyzed using thematic coding and constant comparative methods to identify intervention categories and key characteristics.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Five dominant types of rural workforce interventions were identified: (1) Educational Pipeline Programs, (2) Policy and Partnership Models, (3) Practice Environment Enhancements, (4) Community-Embedded Workforce Strategies and (5) Financial and Incentive-Based Strategies. Educational and policy-driven models were most frequently represented, while culturally grounded, community-embedded strategies were notably underutilized. The study reveals a field in transition - shifting from short-term incentives to sustainable, leadership-informed approaches.</p><p><strong>Originality/value: </strong>This is the first study to develop a leadership-relevant typology of rural health workforce interventions in FQHCs. The framework offers policymakers, administrators and educators a practical tool for assessing strategies, identifying gaps and designing equitable, sustainable workforce solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46165,"journal":{"name":"Leadership in Health Services","volume":" ","pages":"26-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}