Canadian Public Administration-Administration Publique Du Canada最新文献

{"title":"Navigating entangled terrain: The Supreme Court's impact and the dismissal powers of human rights tribunals","authors":"David Said","doi":"10.1111/capa.12540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/capa.12540","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The human rights justice system is a politically and legally complex area to navigate with legislative changes and judicial decisions shaping the administration and governance of human rights policies. This article provides a comprehensive examination of the complexities and intricacies of this system by measuring the impact of judicial rulings on the discretionary decision-making of the Ontario Human Rights Tribunal (HRTO). The impact of the Supreme Court of Canada's relevant jurisprudence in <i>Figliola</i> and <i>Penner</i> on the HRTO's discretionary powers to dismiss claims pursuant to section 45.1 of the Ontario Human Rights Code is measured by examining the outcomes of decisions made by the Tribunal. The article presents new empirical data on all early dismissal decisions (N = 1479) from 2008 to 2021 and demonstrates the effects of the Supreme Court's rulings in <i>Figliola</i> and <i>Penner</i>. The findings in this article reveal that both <i>Figliola</i> and <i>Penner</i> had significant impacts on the Tribunal's discretionary decision-making powers.</p>","PeriodicalId":46145,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Administration-Administration Publique Du Canada","volume":"66 3","pages":"409-425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/capa.12540","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50131095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oversight and accountability for serious incidents in Canada: Who polices the police?","authors":"Kate Puddister","doi":"10.1111/capa.12538","DOIUrl":"10.1111/capa.12538","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the agencies responsible for investigating when a member of the public is seriously injured, is killed or experiences other serious and potentially criminal actions at the hands of police officers in Canada. The article takes a comprehensive approach by examining all police oversight agencies that are responsible for responding to and investigating allegations of police criminality—eight organizations, across nine jurisdictions. The study integrates insights from public administration and police accountability literature and examines the structures and administration of the agencies. The study provides a critical assessment of the state of police oversight for serious incidents in Canada, it identifies agency outputs (including case substantiation), levels of independence, efforts at transparency, and considers the challenges in attempting to hold police accountable in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":46145,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Administration-Administration Publique Du Canada","volume":"66 3","pages":"390-408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/capa.12538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46200235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in the performance of arms-length agencies in the Government of Canada","authors":"Carey Doberstein","doi":"10.1111/capa.12536","DOIUrl":"10.1111/capa.12536","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Canada mirrors developments in most countries with the growth of government agencies created to deliver public goods—whether it is service delivery, adjudication of disputes, regulatory oversight, enforcement activities—purported to benefit from an arms-length relationship to cabinet. There is a robust comparative literature documenting the “agencification” of the state, yet Canadian studies remain mostly absent. This article draws on the Government of Canada's Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) microdata from 2017, 2011, 2005, and 1999 to test key hypotheses advanced by proponents of agencification, specifically that agencies are more innovative, autonomous, and efficient public organizations. We find that those working in enforcement agencies exhibit few of the purported advantages of agencification. We also observe that in recent years regulatory, adjudicative, and parliamentary agencies consistently surpass conventional department organizations on these metrics. Future research avenues are proposed to explore how governance and oversight reforms may explain this shift.</p>","PeriodicalId":46145,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Administration-Administration Publique Du Canada","volume":"66 3","pages":"319-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/capa.12536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49079837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An agenda for responsible technology policy in Canada","authors":"Sam Andrey,&nbsp;Joe Masoodi,&nbsp;Tiffany Kwok,&nbsp;André Côté","doi":"10.1111/capa.12535","DOIUrl":"10.1111/capa.12535","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The launch of ChatGPT and the explosion of interest and concern about generative artificial intelligence (AI) has again reinforced that rapid advancements in technology outpace policy and regulatory responses. There is a growing need for scholarship, engagement, and capacity-building around technology governance in Canada to unpack and demystify emerging digital innovations and equip decision-makers in government, industry, academia and civil society to advance responsible, accountable, and trustworthy technology. To help bridge this gap, this note contextualizes today's challenges of governing the design, deployment and use of digital technologies, and describes a new set of secure and responsible technology policy movements and initiatives that can inform and support effective, public interest-oriented technology policymaking in Canada. We conclude by outlining a potential research agenda, with multi-sector mobilization opportunities, to accelerate this critical work.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The arrival of the internet in 1991 brought hopes for a freer society. Early narratives surrounding the expansion of internet technologies were largely positive, driven by a libertarian spirit highlighting the beneficial features of information technology for democracy, social and economic progress (Korvela, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). By the mid-2010s, this optimism had dissipated due to several international developments, including the Snowden revelations of widespread state surveillance of citizens, and the Cambridge Analytica scandal resulting from the unwitting exposure of vast troves of personal data collected by social media platforms to influence electoral outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Against this backdrop, there have been calls for more policy and regulation in Canada and elsewhere, and several new pieces of legislation aimed at regulating digital technologies and platforms have been introduced.1 Policymakers are also recognizing the need to grow their “tech policy literacy.” For example, two Canadian federal legislators recently launched the Parliamentary Caucus on Emerging Technology, which aims to serve as a cross-party forum linking parliamentarians with experts to fill the knowledge gaps on new and emerging technology (Rempel Garner, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Yet, accelerating digital innovation continues to race ahead of the capacity and timeliness of policymakers and public institutions in governing technology. What has emerged is a narrative about government and policymakers lacking understanding and expertise about emerging technology, and therefore incapable of effectively regulating it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Former Google CEO Eric Schmidt recently argued against government regulation of AI technologies, noting “there's no way a nonindustry person can understand what's possible” (Hetzner, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). This comment can be seen as self-serving, reflecting the tech giants' continuing preference for self-regulation. It also reflects a broader view that digital technology is solely the domain ","PeriodicalId":46145,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Administration-Administration Publique Du Canada","volume":"66 3","pages":"439-446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/capa.12535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46179944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Undoing a co-operative bargain: The origins and dissolution of federal accommodation of provincial credit unions","authors":"Marc-André Pigeon","doi":"10.1111/capa.12534","DOIUrl":"10.1111/capa.12534","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The failure of several U.S. regional banks early in 2023 underlined Canada's reputation as home to a resilient banking sector where federal policymakers guard their jurisdictional responsibility over banking against populist impulses and trade off competition for financial stability. This article argues that conventional explanations for this observed stability are incomplete because they omit any discussion of federal policies that shaped the growth of a $550 billion provincially based credit union system. This article reconciles the resulting puzzle by showing how policymakers accommodated credit unions and used them to channel populist impulses but within the bounds of over-arching financial stability concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":46145,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Administration-Administration Publique Du Canada","volume":"66 3","pages":"303-318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46324393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - IPAC","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/capa.12478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/capa.12478","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46145,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Administration-Administration Publique Du Canada","volume":"66 2","pages":"278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/capa.12478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50140035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spending reviews and the Government of Canada: From episodic to institutionalized capabilities and repertoires","authors":"Evert A. Lindquist,&nbsp;Robert P. Shepherd","doi":"10.1111/capa.12532","DOIUrl":"10.1111/capa.12532","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following surges of spending and staff hiring to address the COVID-19 pandemic, the Trudeau government announced a strategic policy review in the 2022 Budget to secure savings of $6 billion. There has been little apparent progress by May 2023 and opaque communications. This is surprising because Canada was once considered an international exemplar for spending reviews, needs to learn from the pandemic experience, has a worrisome medium-to-long-term federal spending trajectory, and the governance and economic context has rapidly evolved. This article identifies different kinds of spending reviews and design considerations, reviews Canada's experience with reviews since the early 1980s, considers recent OECD experience and exemplars, and argues that its spending reviews have become increasingly selective and closed. We suggest the Canadian government should institutionalize annual spending reviews, which can be scaled up or down, and that this points to more fundamental issues for reform and building a new governance culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":46145,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Administration-Administration Publique Du Canada","volume":"66 2","pages":"247-267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/capa.12532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46980690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memoriam: Vincent Seymour Wilson, CPA Editor (1987-1992)","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/capa.12523","DOIUrl":"10.1111/capa.12523","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Vincent Seymour Wilson, part of a remarkable cohort of doctoral students from Queen's University, a long-time professor of public administration at Carleton University, and a former Editor of &lt;i&gt;Canadian Public Administration&lt;/i&gt;, passed away on January 18, 2023 in Ottawa, just before his 86&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; birthday. His career and research interests, in many ways, reflect the evolution of the field of public administration in Canada and many of the issues he flagged in his research and CPSA address remain salient to this day. He also performed great service to the discipline of political science and the field of public administration. What follows focuses more on his many contributions to Canadian public administration, but his other contributions are noteworthy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Born in Trinidad in 1937, Vince Wilson immigrated to Winnipeg at the age of 19 to study at United College for two years, eventually moving to Vancouver and obtaining his BSc in Forestry at the University of British Columbia. There he met his wife, Marilyn, and once Vince graduated, they moved to Victoria so he could work for the BC Forest Service and Marilyn could complete her Education degree. They soon moved to Ottawa to pursue more opportunity; Vince entered Carleton University's new MPA program, and his interests shifted from forestry practice per se towards larger policy, planning, and research issues associated with it. This led to his MA thesis on “The Growth of Scientific Research in Canada: Its Implications for a National Forest Policy and the Planning of Federal Forestry Research” (Wilson, &lt;span&gt;1966&lt;/span&gt;). Vince pursued PhD studies at Queen's University, leading to a dissertation on “Staffing in the Canadian federal bureaucracy: with specific reference to its historical determinants and the socio-cultural variables affecting recruitment and job mobility in the senior echelons” (Wilson, &lt;span&gt;1970&lt;/span&gt;). He was part of a remarkable cohort of PhD students—including Peter Aucoin, Bruce Doern, O.P. Dwivedi, Rick Van Loon, and Richard Phidd—and went on to publish with them and other luminaries of his generation, such as Iain Gow and Paul Pross. Vince returned to Carleton as faculty member in 1969, first in Political Science, then the School of Public Administration, eventually returning to Political Science, for a career that spanned four decades (1969-1997). He was one of the two first Black political scientists hired into a tenure-track position in Canada (Everitt, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Professor Wilson's early teaching and research reflected the trajectory of the rapidly growing field of public policy and public administration during the 1960s and 1970s in Canada. One strand of his early research was part of a significant effort by him and others to develop a foundational Canadian literature on public policy, policy-making, and key institutions (Doern et al., &lt;span&gt;1975&lt;/span&gt;; Wilson &amp; Doern, &lt;span&gt;1974&lt;/span&gt;; Wilson, &lt;span&gt;1971&lt;/span&gt;; Wilson, &lt;span&gt;1979&lt;/s","PeriodicalId":46145,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Administration-Administration Publique Du Canada","volume":"66 2","pages":"155-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/capa.12523","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49556687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of ecofiscal powers for municipalities: Implementation of new measures in Québec","authors":"Fanny Tremblay-Racicot,&nbsp;Marie-Claude Prémont,&nbsp;Kamille Leclair","doi":"10.1111/capa.12521","DOIUrl":"10.1111/capa.12521","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A variety of taxes, charges and user fees deployed by municipalities can mitigate the negative impact of activities and infrastructures on the environment while diversifying revenue sources. Existing studies on ecofiscal instruments in Canadian municipalities, however, have focused primarily on the pricing of water and waste material while neglecting other environmental issues and the potential of taxes and regulatory charges. This article presents a picture of municipal ecotaxation in Québec and includes four new instruments crafted by Québec municipalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":46145,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Administration-Administration Publique Du Canada","volume":"66 2","pages":"191-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/capa.12521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43194156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morality analysis: Reducing moral backlash to public policy","authors":"Brent Mills","doi":"10.1111/capa.12522","DOIUrl":"10.1111/capa.12522","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Widely used policy development processes rarely systematically consider differing moral values, which can lead to overlooked risks, ineffective communications and suboptimal policy design. This article introduces morality analysis, a policy tool that draws on moral foundations theory to optimize policy and program design, build public support for policies and present key advice to decision-makers. Morality analysis is used to examine the case of a controversial vaccination incentive program introduced by the Government of Alberta in late 2021 and identify policy options that would likely have prompted less public backlash. This article suggests that morality analysis should supplement the policy analysis toolkit.</p>","PeriodicalId":46145,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Public Administration-Administration Publique Du Canada","volume":"66 2","pages":"230-246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43439114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}