Translator最新文献

{"title":"Of professionals, non-professionals and everything in between: redefining the notion of the ‘translator’ in the crowdsourcing era","authors":"Miguel A. Jiménez-Crespo","doi":"10.1080/13556509.2023.2271633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2023.2271633","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis paper studies the potential impact of ‘paid translation crowdsourcing’ on translators’ status through a corpus study of discourses found in language industry websites. It has been argued in Translation Studies literature that in this model crowdsourcing companies attempt to redefine translation ‘professionalism’ or ‘competence’ as a monolithic notion to include a dynamic range of price segments supposedly associated with degrees of translation competence and fitness-for-purpose. The results of the corpus study show that industry websites present a range of ‘expertise’ or ‘skillset’ in which different levels of translation competence associated with different content types and fit-for-purpose tiers coexist. The study concludes that published materials in themselves do not display the potential to impact the status of translators negatively, but rather the opposite: the website materials reinforce that for some content types or high-quality levels, high levels of expertise and professionalism are required. Nevertheless, this might not be necessary for all translation projects, content types and-or client needs.KEYWORDS: Crowdsourcingpaid crowdsourcingcorpus studiestranslators’ statustranslation quality Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. See Jiménez-Crespo (Citation2017a, 73–82) for further information about approaches to text segmentation in crowdsourcing workflows.2. Meaning that single texts are not routinely divided into chunks and distributed to a collective of freelance translators using a crowdsourcing workflow.3. For example, Textmaster includes the following formulations that associate translation competence levels to price tiers (1) ‘Native translators approved by Textmaster/non full time’ (2) ‘Native translators approved by Textmaster – full time’ or (3) ‘Specialist native professional translators’. These levels are also associated to different types of content. This is the full description for the ‘Standard level’: ‘Standard level is provided by native translators who have been tested and approved by Textmaster, translating in addition to their other professional activities. It is suitable for simple translations of short texts without specific vocabulary’ (Textmaster Citation2023).4. Sketchengine is an online corpus analysis tool that allows to automatise a number of corpus processing and corpus analysis tasks (https://www.sketchengine.eu/, last accessed 13 September 2023).5. Additional corpus data has been added to the GitHub repository: https://github.com/jiménezmiguel/The_Translator_Paid_Crowdsourcing (last accessed 15 September 2023).6. For a description of the differences between wordlists and wordsketch visualisations in Sketchengine, see Kocincová et al (Citation2015).7. The complete data for the Wordsketch for the lemma ‘translator’, including frequency and scores, can be found in the GitHub repository: https://github.com/jiménezmiguel/The_Translator_Paid_Crow","PeriodicalId":46129,"journal":{"name":"Translator","volume":"52 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting risk management in online collaborative literary translation: ethical insights from the Chinese context","authors":"Qi Pan, Weiqing Xiao","doi":"10.1080/13556509.2023.2275338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2023.2275338","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTEthical concerns regarding online collaborative translation have garnered limited but growing attention in the past decade. Previous studies primarily focused on translation products or broader societal perspectives, shedding light on the exploitative nature of online collaborative translation, and its detrimental impact on translation quality and public perception of the translation profession, leaving many process-oriented details underexplored. Recent scholarship has begun to examine the ethical issues that arise from the interactions between translators and translation tools, as well as between actors working in teams. This article seeks to contribute to this growing field of inquiry by specifically investigating collaborative literary translation on the digital platform within the Chinese context. Adopting the method of cognitive ethnography, this article builds on risk management to discuss the various risks facing translators and their coping strategies. Several ethical concerns have emerged, including individual’s irrational acts that may compromise group interests, responsibility evasion inherent in the collaborative work, individual agency challenged by interpersonal risk, and a lack of commitment associated with the act of making concessions.KEYWORDS: Online collaborative translationethicsrisk managementtranslation processcognitive ethnography AcknowledgmentsWe wish to express our heartfelt appreciation to the two anonymous reviewers and the two guest editors for their erudite and insightful feedback. Our gratitude also goes to the collaborative translation team for their robust support in providing the research data. Furthermore, we extend sincere thanks to Prof. Kaisa Koskinen, Dr. Mary Nurminen, Yuchen Liu, Wenhao Yao for their insightful suggestions throughout the process of writing and refining this article.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. To become a PM, one needs to complete a trial translation. The senior editors of Yeeyan Gutenberg Project then select a candidate from the applicants for the position of PM to oversee the translation project. The project manager’s responsibilities include recruiting team members, coordinating the translation progress and finalising the translation projects.2. The pseudonym Stella here refers to the lead author of this article who is both the project manager and team member of the collaborative translation project in question.3. The retrospective verbal protocols and semi-structured interviews were originally undertaken in Chinese and translated into English by the lead author verbatim.Additional informationNotes on contributorsQi PanQi Pan is currently a PhD candidate of Translation Studies at School of English Studies, Shanghai International Studies University. Her PhD research focuses on online collaborative literary translation in the Chinese context. Her research interests include collaborative translation, literary translati","PeriodicalId":46129,"journal":{"name":"Translator","volume":"52 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136282866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring new forms of audiovisual translation in the age of digital media: cybersubtitling and cyberdubbing","authors":"Rocío Baños, Jorge Díaz-Cintas","doi":"10.1080/13556509.2023.2274119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2023.2274119","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence and popularity of audiovisual content in the current times has resulted in a wide range of practices which have been categorised within audiovisual translation (AVT) research as examples of fan translation, amateur translation, crowdsourcing or collaborative translation, among others. While some practices can be included under these categories, other forms of AVT that have recently emerged are not as clear-cut. Against this backdrop, this article explores the conceptual uncertainties surrounding these new AVT practices, with a focus on dubbing and subtitling, by revisiting the work carried out by the authors, who have previously suggested the use of the umbrella terms ‘cybersubtitling’ and ‘cyberdubbing’. In addition to providing a revised classification, the paper emphasises the need to explore the wider social and ethical consequences of these innovative translational activities. As regards ethical implications, altruist and fan practices are the ones most exposed to malpractice, often because some organisations emulate corporate behaviour but rely on free labour, without any financial retribution or credit towards those involved in these activities. The article also concludes that more critical research should be conducted to unravel the impact of these practices on the role of translation as a socio-professional activity.","PeriodicalId":46129,"journal":{"name":"Translator","volume":"76 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135036603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploration of linguistic preferences in the Chinese Malaysian gaming community: <i>Stardew Valley</i> as a case study","authors":"Arista Szu-Yu Kuo, Zheng Ci Lai","doi":"10.1080/13556509.2023.2261179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2023.2261179","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine Chinese Malaysian gamers’ perceptions and attitudes towards translated in-game Chinese texts, and their linguistic preferences in video game localisation. An online survey, based on a Stardew Valley case study, was conducted to collect quantitative and qualitative data from this presumably bilingual or multilingual gaming community. Among 75 Chinese Malaysian gamers, the majority preferred playing games in Chinese, while over a quarter favoured English. The translation quality of a game influenced their decisions to play more than whether the game version was original or localised. Over half of the respondents preferred the official Simplified Chinese localised version to the fan-made Traditional Chinese version; however, preferences reversed when presented with actual examples. This implies that the official Simplified version of Stardew Valley has limitations in aligning with gamers’ linguistic habits, leading nearly half of the respondents to express a desire for a version catering to Chinese Malaysian gamers’ linguistic needs for in-game communication.KEYWORDS: Game localisationuser perceptionlinguistic preferencesChinese MalaysianTranslation quality Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationNotes on contributorsArista Szu-Yu KuoArista Szu-Yu Kuo is an assistant professor of Translation Studies at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Her research interests focus on the intersection of translation quality, audiovisual translation, and translator training.Zheng Ci LaiZheng Ci Lai obtained his Bachelor of Arts (Hons) in Chinese and a minor in Translation at Nanyang Technological University. He is an avid video game player who also likes studying video games. He is currently working in the game localization industry as a Localization Expert.","PeriodicalId":46129,"journal":{"name":"Translator","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136078741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relevance of Derrida’s translation: Mercy and <i>ethos</i>","authors":"Michelle Bolduc","doi":"10.1080/13556509.2023.2249164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2023.2249164","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines Derrida’s rhetorical ethos in his 1998 lecture, ‘Qu-est-ce qu’une traduction “relevante”?’ [What is a ‘relevant’ translation?], given before an audience of French literary translators from the ATLAS association. This lecture provides a gloss, informed by Derrida’s seminars on forgiveness, on his partial translation of Portia’s lines from Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice. Although Derrida’s translation turns on the rendering of ‘seasons’ as relève, his overtly rhetorical positioning in this lecture foregrounds the homonymic pair mercy/merci as a primary ‘relevant’. As a result, Derrida’s performative statements of gratitude and appeals for mercy may be read as speech acts that, while simultaneously evoking and repudiating the association of translation and conversion activated in the translation of these lines, also conjure his specular être-juif. As a result, rather than simply giving a public lecture on an intimate philosophical translation practice, in ‘Qu’est-ce qu’une traduction “relevante”?’ Derrida presents a rhetorical ethos that embeds translation, relevance, and mercy in a personally-inflected public reflection on the ‘Jewish Question’ and its very real historical consequences.","PeriodicalId":46129,"journal":{"name":"Translator","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136078735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation and its fictions: pseudotranslation and partial cultural translation in focus","authors":"Andrea Bergantino","doi":"10.1080/13556509.2023.2251892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2023.2251892","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article asks whether and what differences exist between the notions of pseudotranslation and partial cultural translation. Although they are both ultimately untranslated texts, their respective definitions acknowledge the possibility that each category may be taken as a translation. To answer its research question, the article examines the distinctive features of pseudotranslation and partial cultural translation across three primary sources that showcase traits common to both categories. First, the analysis sets these two notions against the backdrop of a fictional subtext which informs translation theory, demonstrating how pseudotranslation and partial cultural translation feed into this subtext. It then goes on to investigate the function of paratexts and culture-specific items in the three primary sources. Finally, the article identifies the different intentions underpinning pseudotranslation and partial cultural translation: while the former explicitly aims to be perceived as a translation, the latter is not written to be consumed as a translated text.KEYWORDS: pseudotranslationpartial cultural translationfictions of translationparatextsculture-specific items Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1. Klaudy and Heltai (Citation2020, 44) refer to the concept of ‘textless back translation’ defined by Tu and Li (Citation2017, 1) as ‘the kind of back translation in which the translator retranslates China-themed works written in English […] back into Chinese’.2. By West, Baer (Citation2020, 235) means ‘a cultural construct promoted by the global North’.3. Deganutti has provided a comprehensive analysis of translational mimesis procedures, including latent multilingual strategies in literature, defining them as ‘the presence of other languages in a text even when they are not immediately perceptible’ (Citation2022, 2).Additional informationFundingThe research conducted in this publication was funded by the Irish Research Council under grant number GOIPG/2022/1280.Notes on contributorsAndrea BergantinoAndrea Bergantino is a PhD candidate at the Trinity Centre for Literary and Cultural Translation, Trinity College Dublin. His research is concerned with transfiction, exploring fictional representations of translation and literary portrayals of translators primarily in contemporary Italian literature. Other research interests include Translator Studies and literary translingualism. His research project has been awarded the 2022 Government of Ireland Postgraduate Scholarship.","PeriodicalId":46129,"journal":{"name":"Translator","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135305584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Conversation: African women poets as translators of the wor(l)d: Conceição Lima, Tariro Ndoro, and Fatoumata Adelle Barry in conversation with Gabriel Bámgbóṣé","authors":"Gabriel Bámgbóṣé, Fatoumata Adelle Barry, Tariro Ndoro, Conceição Lima","doi":"10.1080/13556509.2023.2247857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2023.2247857","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46129,"journal":{"name":"Translator","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135734780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal pragmatics and translation: a new model for source text analysis","authors":"K. Marais","doi":"10.1080/13556509.2020.1746120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2020.1746120","url":null,"abstract":"This is a timely book on a highly relevant topic and should be on the shelf of everybody who is interested in translating and interpreting – scholars, students and practitioners. Dicerto rightly mo...","PeriodicalId":46129,"journal":{"name":"Translator","volume":"26 1","pages":"109 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556509.2020.1746120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59846853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translating Lotman and Bakhtin from Russian into Spanish in Cuba: Desiderio Navarro’s work on critical thinking development","authors":"Raúl E. Colón Rodríguez","doi":"10.1080/13556509.2019.1586070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2019.1586070","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In post-1959 Cuba, Desiderio Navarro became an autodidact translator and actively participated in the process of social transformation. Capable of performing quality translations into Spanish from more than 15 languages, mostly from Eastern Europe, he has often been the first to translate and publish a solid corpus of East European texts in different fields of theory, from ‘orthodox and heterodox Marxism; Structuralism; Reception Theory; to the Postmodern Poststructuralism.’ Applying complexity thinking as main frame of reference, particularly the principle of organizational recursion, provides a context to explore the downward causative power of semiosis on reality. I intend to show in this article how the translation of Lotman and Bakhtin into Spanish by Navarro contributed and continue to develop the critical-thinking capabilities of several generations of Cuban intellectuals and artists. If development is a controversial concept, one even ‘doomed to extinction’, it is time to further problematize it.","PeriodicalId":46129,"journal":{"name":"Translator","volume":"24 1","pages":"318 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556509.2019.1586070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59847105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The strange case of Flann O’Brien and Myles na gCopaleen: a master of English language translated from Gaelic into Spanish","authors":"Álvaro Marín García","doi":"10.1080/13556509.2018.1476798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2018.1476798","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Brian O’Nolan wrote in English and Gaelic under different pseudonyms, Flann O’Brien for his English novels and Myles na gCopaleen for his work in Gaelic. While O’Brien is considered a master of Postmodernist literature, the work written under the Gaelic pen name, eminently satiric, remained that of an obscure author in a minority language. It was just one more authorial identity among many created by O’Nolan. This complexity of authorial personae did not get through the translations into Spanish until O’Brien was characterised as a great canonical English-language author. I apply Casanova’s model of translation as unequal exchange to describe how the literary capital of O’Brien brought attention to his Gaelic-language counterpart and helped to consecrate him when translated into Spanish. To that end, I compare the paratextual material in the first edition (with no introduction) and the second edition (on a literary collection with an informative introduction and laudatory paratexts by reputed authors) of the same translation of An Béal Bocht to show how the characterisation of O’Brien as a great English-language writer in the period between one edition and the other allowed the translator to introduce na gCopaleen and Gaelic to the Spanish readership in the second edition.","PeriodicalId":46129,"journal":{"name":"Translator","volume":"24 1","pages":"209 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556509.2018.1476798","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59846837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}