History of the Family最新文献_第4页

Stepfamilies across Europe and overseas, 1550–1900 欧洲和海外的再婚家庭，1550-1900

IF 1 3区历史学

History of the Family Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/1081602X.2022.2101502

Lyndan Warner, G. Erdélyi

引用次数: 1

Remarriage and Stepfamilies in the ‘Western Islands’ of Europe: the rural Azores of Portugal in the 18th and 19th centuries 欧洲“西部岛屿”的再婚和再婚：18世纪和19世纪葡萄牙亚速尔群岛的农村

IF 1 3区历史学

History of the Family Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/1081602X.2022.2103167

P. T. de Matos, Diogo Paiva

{"title":"Remarriage and Stepfamilies in the ‘Western Islands’ of Europe: the rural Azores of Portugal in the 18th and 19th centuries","authors":"P. T. de Matos, Diogo Paiva","doi":"10.1080/1081602X.2022.2103167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2022.2103167","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article uses parish registers, libri status animarum, and notarial records from the 18th and 19th centuries to assess the extent to which the rates of remarriage of widows and widowers in the Azores were similar to those of mainland Portugal. We consider that, despite the clear obstacles to marriage on the islands (due especially to male emigration) remarriage was in fact frequent and created stepfamilies. Factors such as social tolerance, sexuality outside of marriage and the lack of stigmatization of remarriage may provide part of the explanation. The article shows that a high proportion of widows gave birth to children during their widowhood and out of wedlock. Further, widows frequently attracted men of a much younger age as spouses, which again was socially tolerated. After remarriage by a widowed parent, the general pattern was to raise stepchildren in the family home. Remarriage rarely led to the departure of a stepchild under 16 from the household. The article considers the life trajectories of children who suffered parental loss and the half-orphans whose parents subsequently remarried. Moreover, a significant number of stepfamilies were formed by single mothers, who later married a man who was not the biological father of their child(ren). Beyond the qualitative analysis of parental loss and remarriage, the article outlines the motives of the widowed parents who sought to remarry quickly and follows some stepfamily experiences to detail the moments of transition and living arrangements of stepfamilies. The parish records combined with documents from notaries allow a qualitative understanding of some of the remarried spousal partnerships as well as the stepparent-stepchild relationships developed over decades.","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"27 1","pages":"493 - 520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49498231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The invisibility of Portuguese stepfamilies: the relationships between stepparents, stepchildren and half-siblings in eighteenth– and nineteenth–century Porto 葡萄牙继家庭的隐形:18世纪和19世纪波尔图继父母、继子女和同父异母兄弟姐妹之间的关系

IF 1 3区历史学

History of the Family Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/1081602X.2022.2103166

Ana Mafalda Lopes

{"title":"The invisibility of Portuguese stepfamilies: the relationships between stepparents, stepchildren and half-siblings in eighteenth– and nineteenth–century Porto","authors":"Ana Mafalda Lopes","doi":"10.1080/1081602X.2022.2103166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2022.2103166","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Stepfamily relationships in eighteenth – and nineteenth-century Portugal are often invisible because of the mobility of the population. Widows and widowers did not hesitate to remarry and create blended households of first and second marriage beds even though this option was criticized by Catholic clergy and targeted by legislation penalizing widows. Portuguese legislation was harsh on stepfathers as they were considered the ‘enemies of orphans’ whereas stepmothers were allowed by the authorities to have the guardianship of stepchildren after the death of the biological father. However, in practice, stepchildren and half-siblings were separated from the rest of the stepfamily by exit through marriage, entry into convents, or emigration at some point in the life cycle of the household and, thus, these step-relationships became invisible except through property transactions and inheritance at moments of death. This article considers the roles of stepparents, stepchildren and half-siblings within these newly formed families and if illegitimate children were also accepted into a family alongside legitimate half–siblings. The evidence for stepfamily patterns in Portugal has been collected from case studies within a large body of archival research to reconstruct trajectories of the stepfamilies as they can be traced in petitions, judicial and notarial records, inheritance procedures, marriage contracts, last wills and parish records. Through these sources we can build an idea of the kinds of relationships that stepparents, stepchildren and half-siblings created within these blended families in Portugal in the 1700s and 1800s.","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"27 1","pages":"521 - 545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46821245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Transitory inequalities: how individual-level cause-specific death data can unravel socioeconomic inequalities in infant mortality in Maastricht, the Netherlands, 1864–1955 短暂的不平等：个体层面的特定原因死亡数据如何揭示荷兰马斯特里赫特1864-1955年婴儿死亡率的社会经济不平等

IF 1 3区历史学

History of the Family Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1080/1081602X.2022.2084442

Mayra Murkens, B. Pelzer, A. Janssens

{"title":"Transitory inequalities: how individual-level cause-specific death data can unravel socioeconomic inequalities in infant mortality in Maastricht, the Netherlands, 1864–1955","authors":"Mayra Murkens, B. Pelzer, A. Janssens","doi":"10.1080/1081602X.2022.2084442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2022.2084442","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The decline in infant mortality played a crucial role in the health transition in the Western World. This decline among the vulnerable new-borns was however not an evenly dispersed process. Inequalities as a result of regional differences, cultural influences or socioeconomic status shaped the paths towards low mortality rates. The role of socioeconomic status in levels of infant mortality and its decline remain highly debated. In this article, we study the development of socioeconomic disparities in infant mortality in the Dutch town of Maastricht in the period 1864–1955. This study uses unique individual-level cause of death data in order to see when changes in disease patterns took place for different socioeconomic groups. The aim is to identify socioeconomic inequalities by mapping changing epidemiological patterns over time, according to age within the first year of life. By deploying a multinomial logistic regression analysis we can trace the different timing of changes in the epidemiological regime. The results reveal that for most infants the change in mortality patterns from water- and foodborne infectious diseases towards a predominance of airborne infectious diseases occurred simultaneously with the massive decline in infant mortality from the start of the First World War onwards. Infants from the upper classes, however, appeared to have gained an earlier advantage, followed by infants from unskilled workers. Finally, from qualitative data it becomes clear that the awareness of the problematic nature of infant mortality, knowledge on infant care, hygienic practices, breastfeeding practices and the economic situation of World War I were factors aiding to the uneven decline in infant mortality.","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"28 1","pages":"95 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49317467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Gendered mortality of children and adolescents in nineteenth-century Denmark. Exploring patterns of sex ratios and mortality rates 19世纪丹麦儿童和青少年的性别死亡率。探索性别比例和死亡率的模式

IF 1 3区历史学

History of the Family Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1080/1081602X.2022.2083001

M. L. Perner, A. Mortensen, H. Castenbrandt, A. Løkke, B. Revuelta-Eugercios

{"title":"Gendered mortality of children and adolescents in nineteenth-century Denmark. Exploring patterns of sex ratios and mortality rates","authors":"M. L. Perner, A. Mortensen, H. Castenbrandt, A. Løkke, B. Revuelta-Eugercios","doi":"10.1080/1081602X.2022.2083001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2022.2083001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The relationship between gender and mortality in nineteenth-century Europe has been highly debated. In particular, historians disagree about the manner and degree to which gender discrimination affected the mortality risk of the female population. This article contributes by examining the evidence of gendered mortality differences among children and adolescents in nineteenth-century Denmark. It makes use of both child sex ratios and mortality rates to explore the prevalence of excess female mortality. We show that the female mortality rate in Denmark was higher than that of males starting from around age four and lasting until adulthood, for the majority of the nineteenth century. This mortality gap, while initially narrow, was systematic and most pronounced in rural areas and during late adolescence. The gap was produced by a faster mortality decline among males. This pattern is clear both in time, as the gap widened during the nineteenth century, and during the life course, as the male mortality rate declined faster and reached lower levels during late childhood and early adolescence. While it is possible that various forms of gender discrimination slowed the mortality decline of females, the aggregated nature of the data limits our interpretation. However, by comparing the two mortality measures employed, we argue that in a low child-mortality setting such as Denmark, sex ratios are not always sensitive enough to measure excess female mortality in childhood. Further, since sex ratios primarily excel at measuring ‘hidden’ or unregistered mortality, they may be a suboptimal measure of mortality differences in the presence of a thorough and reliable vital registration system.","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"27 1","pages":"679 - 701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46078937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Height, occupation, and intergenerational mobility: an instrumental variable analysis of Dutch men, birth years 1850-1900 身高，职业和代际流动性:荷兰男性的工具变量分析，出生年份1850-1900

IF 1 3区历史学

History of the Family Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/1081602X.2022.2075426

K. Thompson, F. Portrait

{"title":"Height, occupation, and intergenerational mobility: an instrumental variable analysis of Dutch men, birth years 1850-1900","authors":"K. Thompson, F. Portrait","doi":"10.1080/1081602X.2022.2075426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2022.2075426","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Height and labor market outcomes appear to be related to one another. The taller people are, the more likely they are to have better jobs and to earn more money. This is especially the case for men. However, whether height is causally related to labor market outcomes is an open question, which instrumental variable (IV) analysis may help to answer. To our knowledge, no study has yet used IV analysis to test these relationships in a historical context. The present study addressed this gap, by examining height’s relationship to occupational status and intergenerational mobility in a sample of Dutch men, birth years 1850 through 1900. Data were drawn from: the Historical Sample of the Netherlands, providing life course information on the research person; the Heights and Life Courses Database, providing information on the research person’s height at conscription; and the Male Kin Height Database, providing information on the average height of the research person’s full brothers. This combination of data sources yielded a sample of 1,465 men. Height z-score’s relationships to occupational status (characterized as HISCAM score), and to intergenerational mobility (characterized as the difference between research person’s HISCAM score and father’s HISCAM score) were examined. The average of brothers’ heights z-score was used as an instrumental variable. In terms of results, one standard deviation increase in height was associated with a 1.370 increase in HISCAM score (95% CI: 0.310–2.429), and a 1.127 increase in intergenerational mobility score (95% CI: −0.114–2.368). As Dutch men were growing taller and had greater abilities to choose their occupations, it appeared that tallness was associated with a better job, and increased intergenerational occupational mobility. This study thus offered preliminary evidence that height and labor market outcomes were perhaps causally related during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"28 1","pages":"278 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41411462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Marriage patterns of Irish convict women in nineteenth-century Tasmania 十九世纪塔斯马尼亚岛爱尔兰女囚犯的婚姻模式

IF 1 3区历史学

History of the Family Pub Date : 2022-05-08 DOI: 10.1080/1081602X.2022.2071322

Isabelle Cherkesly, R. Kippen

{"title":"Marriage patterns of Irish convict women in nineteenth-century Tasmania","authors":"Isabelle Cherkesly, R. Kippen","doi":"10.1080/1081602X.2022.2071322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2022.2071322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Between 1840 and 1853, 4,068 Irish convict women arrived in Van Diemen’s Land, now known as Tasmania. The lives of these convicts were governed by the penal system. Convicts were kept under constant observation. While still under sentence, convicts had to follow the strict rules of the penal government. A way out of this system was through marriage. Early on, the penal government had emphasized the role of marriage to reform convicts. Although marriage was a key event in the life of convicts, no study has yet to focus on this event. In this paper, marriage patterns of Irish convict women are studied using a mixed methods approach. This study provides a better understanding of how women met their spouses and which women could marry. Three critical aspects of marriage are highlighted. First, being under incarceration or being prohibited by the law reduced access to the marriage market. Second, women who were perceived as more fertile and of a better character had a higher chance of finding a spouse. Third, women with longer sentences or who were pregnant out of wedlock had a higher incentive for marriage than most. Overall, three factors were key to marriage in Tasmania: access, value, and desire.","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"28 1","pages":"37 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41870143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Restrained freedom? Widows, blended families and inheritance in eighteenth-century urban Sri Lanka 自由受到限制？18世纪斯里兰卡城市的寡妇、混合家庭与遗产

IF 1 3区历史学

History of the Family Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1080/1081602X.2022.2067209

D.B.G.W. Lyna

{"title":"Restrained freedom? Widows, blended families and inheritance in eighteenth-century urban Sri Lanka","authors":"D.B.G.W. Lyna","doi":"10.1080/1081602X.2022.2067209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2022.2067209","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Challenging the optimistic thesis on female Asian agency in the early modern Dutch empire, this article studies widows’ socio-legal position in the cross-cultural setting of colonial Sri Lanka. Normative legislation and judicial records on stepfamilial feuds from eighteenth-century Dutch Sri Lanka allow us not only to understand how both litigating parties tried to work the Roman-Dutch legal system to get a favorable verdict, but also to unveil the underlying societal expectations of widows and stepchildren. Whereas in the Dutch Republic husbands often used prenuptial agreements or last wills to make their wives principal heirs or give them usufruct (thus increasing the customary half of ab intestato inheritances), Sri Lankan case-studies indicate that such legal documents were also used to reduce life choices of widows. Prenups and last wills drafted up and signed by their late husbands tied these women to their primary role as caretaker of both their own children as well as those of previous marriages. Further stipulations could even tie them quite literally to the parental house, which they were not allowed to leave for a longer period of time without losing their inheritance. These rules of engagement put additional strain on already fraught relationships between stepmothers and first-marriage children. The only structural solution for both parties was that the stepmother married another man, freeing both herself and the stepchildren of a difficult balancing act.","PeriodicalId":46118,"journal":{"name":"History of the Family","volume":"27 1","pages":"596 - 617"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48695799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Transgenerational effects of early-life experiences on descendants’ height and life span. An explorative study using Texel Island (Netherlands) genealogies, 18th-21st centuries 早期生活经历对后代身高和寿命的跨代影响。18 -21世纪荷兰特塞尔岛族谱的探索性研究

IF 1 3区历史学

History of the Family Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/1081602X.2022.2067579

J. Kok

引用次数: 3

Stepmothers and stepdaughters in early modern Florence 近代早期佛罗伦萨的继母和继女

IF 1 3区历史学

History of the Family Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/1081602x.2022.2056228

M. Moran

引用次数: 2