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Trade and Sustainable Development: Non-Economic Objectives in the Theory of Economic Policy 贸易与可持续发展:经济政策理论中的非经济目标
3区 社会学
World Trade Review Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/s147474562300006x
Joseph F. François, Bernard Hoekman, Douglas R. Nelson
{"title":"Trade and Sustainable Development: Non-Economic Objectives in the Theory of Economic Policy","authors":"Joseph F. François, Bernard Hoekman, Douglas R. Nelson","doi":"10.1017/s147474562300006x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s147474562300006x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While the theory of economic policy offers a potential framework for thinking about the joint pursuit of economic objectives (EOs) and non-economic objectives (NEOs), over time the theory of economic policy was formalized in a way that considers NEOs as constraints that are given, rather than as goals that may themselves be endogenous alongside EOs. We examine the analytical treatment of NEOs as co-determined with EOs, revisiting some of the ground broken by Alan Winters in his analysis of NEOs. We review the place of NEOs in the theory of economic policy, discuss current practice in the representation of such objectives as exogenous constraints, and develop an argument for representation of NEOs as objectives in themselves.","PeriodicalId":46109,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Review","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135318805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is Using Trade Policy for Foreign Policy a ‘SNO Job’? On Linkage, Friend-Shoring, and the Challenges for Multilateralism 将贸易政策用于外交政策是一项“SNO工作”吗？论联系、交友与多边主义面临的挑战
IF 1.3 3区 社会学
World Trade Review Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/S1474745623000071
Robert Wolfe
{"title":"Is Using Trade Policy for Foreign Policy a ‘SNO Job’? On Linkage, Friend-Shoring, and the Challenges for Multilateralism","authors":"Robert Wolfe","doi":"10.1017/S1474745623000071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745623000071","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using trade policy to achieve foreign policy objectives, such as stable international relations, has a long history, from Kant to the founders of the GATT. Punishing enemies and rewarding ‘friends’ by granting or withholding market access is also not new, and sanctions or blockades are a venerable form of trade policy used as foreign policy. A more recent form is influencing the domestic policy of another country with non-commercial provisions in trade agreements. All these tools are based on linkage, on the assumption that a desired outcome can be achieved by interventions that would increase or decrease trade. The latest instance is so-called ‘friend-shoring’, which would in principle isolate enemies, although it will be difficult in practice and risks undermining multilateralism. The cost of these interventions is susceptible to economic analysis, even if the conclusion is that it is worth paying. Influenced by Alan Winters who referred to national security as a motivation for agriculture protection as a ‘so-called non-economic objective’ or SNO, I argue that using a trade policy tool for a foreign policy purpose as if there is no cost is a SNO job, an attempt to justify an intervention aimed at one objective by framing it as being valuable for another.","PeriodicalId":46109,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"474 - 483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41794814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Bank, the Fund, and the GATT: Which Institution Most Supported Developing-Country Trade Reform? 世界银行、基金组织和关贸总协定:哪个机构最支持发展中国家的贸易改革?
IF 1.3 3区 社会学
World Trade Review Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/S1474745623000198
Douglas A. Irwin
{"title":"The Bank, the Fund, and the GATT: Which Institution Most Supported Developing-Country Trade Reform?","authors":"Douglas A. Irwin","doi":"10.1017/S1474745623000198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745623000198","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The 1980s and 1990s saw a policy revolution in developing countries in which many highly protected (if not closed) economies were opened to world trade. These reforms were largely undertaken unilaterally, but international economic institutions such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization supported these efforts. This paper examines the ways in which these institutions promoted, or failed to promote, trade policy reform during this pivotal period.","PeriodicalId":46109,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"370 - 381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46850304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
North–South Trade-Related Technology Diffusion and the East Asia–Latin America Productivity Gap 南北贸易相关技术扩散与东亚-拉丁美洲生产力差距
IF 1.3 3区 社会学
World Trade Review Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/S1474745623000034
Maurice Schiff, Yanling Wang
{"title":"North–South Trade-Related Technology Diffusion and the East Asia–Latin America Productivity Gap","authors":"Maurice Schiff, Yanling Wang","doi":"10.1017/S1474745623000034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745623000034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines the impact of trade-related technology diffusion from G7 countries to Latin America and East Asia on total factor productivity controlling for education, governance, and distance. We build on the trade and distance-focused strands of the technology diffusion literature and find that (i) total factor productivity (TFP) increases with education, trade, and governance (ETG) and declines with distance to the G7 countries; (ii) increasing Latin America's ETG to East Asia's level would double TFP, accounting for about 75% of the TFP gap between the two country groups; and (iii) South America's greater remoteness relative to Mexico's from the US and Canada significantly reduces its TFP and similarly for Singapore's greater remoteness from Japan relative to Hong Kong.","PeriodicalId":46109,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"348 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56985649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Economic Interest Test in UK Trade Remedy Investigations 英国贸易救济调查中的经济利益检验
IF 1.3 3区 社会学
World Trade Review Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/S1474745623000058
Ilona Serwicka, Geoffrey Chapman, Bradley Tyler
{"title":"The Economic Interest Test in UK Trade Remedy Investigations","authors":"Ilona Serwicka, Geoffrey Chapman, Bradley Tyler","doi":"10.1017/S1474745623000058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745623000058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The UK's Trade Remedies Authority (TRA) conducts economic assessments of the ramifications of trade remedies, the Economic Interest Test (EIT). Such assessments are not mandated by the World Trade Organization but are conducted by certain trade remedy investigating authorities, including those of Brazil, Canada, the European Union, and New Zealand. The EIT is a mandatory part of the UK trade remedy system and is arguably more transparent than similar interest tests conducted by other trade remedy investigating authorities. However, stakeholder participation remains a challenge and the TRA is working on ways to improve participation. To date, the TRA has completed 11 EITs in its trade remedy cases, with a further ten live cases. These cases cover different products, markets, and countries, across which the likely positive and negative impacts of trade remedy differ. This paper invites experts to review the TRA's EIT methodology.","PeriodicalId":46109,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"408 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44730428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Theoretical Underpinnings of ‘Land Abundance, Openness, and Industrialization’ “土地富庶、开放与工业化”的理论基础
IF 1.3 3区 社会学
World Trade Review Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/S1474745623000149
Alasdair Smith, Adrian Wood
{"title":"Theoretical Underpinnings of ‘Land Abundance, Openness, and Industrialization’","authors":"Alasdair Smith, Adrian Wood","doi":"10.1017/S1474745623000149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745623000149","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper develops a Heckscher−Ohlin model in which the effects on production structure of endowments and changes in trade policies depend in a continuous way on a country's degree of openness to trade. Its main contribution is to show semi-formally how the introduction of product differentiation causes the elasticities of output with respect both to factor endowments and to sectoral trade barriers to vary with import penetration (the share of foreign firms in home markets) and export orientation (the share of foreign markets in home-firm sales).","PeriodicalId":46109,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"323 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48357305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Climate Equivalence and International Trade 气候对等与国际贸易
IF 1.3 3区 社会学
World Trade Review Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/S1474745623000083
Emily Lydgate
{"title":"Climate Equivalence and International Trade","authors":"Emily Lydgate","doi":"10.1017/S1474745623000083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745623000083","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines a significant question in navigating trade and climate tension: how to recognize another country as having equivalent climate regulations. Such equivalence forms a core component of many proposed models of so-called climate clubs. Establishing equivalence between distinct national climate regulation regimes poses a unique challenge that draws upon both trade and environmental international cooperation. Drawing on existing proposals, I examine prospects for country-based cooperation through three models: ETS-linking, benchmarking of shared methods and minimum standards, and benchmarking of outcome duties. The analysis concludes that all models necessitate some trade-offs between the goals of rigorous oversight of climate objectives, inclusivity, and WTO compliance. Benchmarking of shared methods and minimum standards seems most feasible, and would provide a deeper level of integration between trade and climate cooperation, but necessitates a shift in how countries, particularly the EU, oversee regulatory compliance.","PeriodicalId":46109,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Review","volume":"60 12","pages":"484 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41300346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Border Carbon Adjustments: Should Production or Consumption be Taxed? 边境碳调整:应该对生产还是消费征税?
3区 社会学
World Trade Review Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/s1474745623000113
Will Martin
{"title":"Border Carbon Adjustments: Should Production or Consumption be Taxed?","authors":"Will Martin","doi":"10.1017/s1474745623000113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474745623000113","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Border Carbon Adjustments (BCAs) may play an important role in lowering the economic costs of greenhouse gas mitigation and in overcoming political-economy constraints on the use of carbon taxes or equivalent measures. A carbon tax plus a full BCA could deal with the competitiveness challenges arising from carbon taxes by using the WTO's National Treatment principle to apply equal levies on domestic production and on imports, and by symmetrically rebating the carbon tax on exports in the manner of a value-added tax (VAT) export rebate. This approach would shift the base for carbon taxation from production to demand and potentially achieve substantial reductions in the cost of cutting emissions. It would avoid the massive measurement and compliance problems associated with BCAs based on foreign emission intensities. By contrast, import-only BCAs distort prices of importables relative to exportables; create divisive trade conflicts and deterioration in the terms of trade for developing countries; and likely require development of complex sets of import preferences.","PeriodicalId":46109,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Globotics and Development: When Manufacturing Is Jobless and Services Are Tradeable 全球机器人与发展:当制造业失业、服务可贸易时
3区 社会学
World Trade Review Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/s1474745623000241
Richard Baldwin, Rikard Forslid
{"title":"Globotics and Development: When Manufacturing Is Jobless and Services Are Tradeable","authors":"Richard Baldwin, Rikard Forslid","doi":"10.1017/s1474745623000241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474745623000241","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Globalization and robotics (globotics) are jointly transforming the world economy at an explosive pace. While much of the literature has focused on rich nations, the changes are quite likely to affect developing nations in important ways. The premise of the paper – which should be regarded as a thought-piece – is based on an extreme thought experiment. What does development look like when digital technology has rendered manufacturing jobless and many services freely traded? Our conclusion is that the service-led development path may become the norm rather than the exception; think India, not China. Since success in the service sector is based on quite different factors than success in manufacturing, development strategies and mindsets may have to change. This is an optimistic conclusion since it suggests that developing nations can directly export the source of their comparative advantage – low-cost labour – without having first to make goods with that labour.","PeriodicalId":46109,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Review","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
Do Lower Tariff Rates Promote Global Value Chain Participation? 降低关税是否促进全球价值链参与？
IF 1.3 3区 社会学
World Trade Review Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1017/s1474745623000289
Halit Yanıkkaya, Pinar Tat, Abdullah Altun
{"title":"Do Lower Tariff Rates Promote Global Value Chain Participation?","authors":"Halit Yanıkkaya, Pinar Tat, Abdullah Altun","doi":"10.1017/s1474745623000289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474745623000289","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The trade of intermediates now accounts for a growing share of global trade. In this highly fragmented global production system, any change in tariff rates can generate a higher impact than that of initial direct tariffs. To assess the impact of tariffs on global value chain participation, this study uses value-added trade statistics and cumulative tariff rates for 12 sectors from 168 countries for the years 1990–2015. The visual inspection suggests that initial tariffs result in higher tariff rates (almost 14%) due to a knock-on impact along with supply chains. The main empirical finding is that both faced and imposed tariff rates have significant negative impacts on sectoral global value chain participation. The effect is also persistent in the analysis if we employ cumulative tariff rates. Apart from these policy determinants, sector- and country-level endowments, such as higher relative length, capital intensity, foreign direct investment stock, and human capital appear to be the major drivers for higher total, forward, and backward global value chains participation. Even if our main results are robust, there are also some distinctions in the effects of tariff rates depending on the country- and sector-level heterogeneities. In a policy-related debate, given the cascading impacts of these liberalization initiatives, autonomous, regional, and global liberalization efforts are critical for all sectors to reap the benefits from the global production system.","PeriodicalId":46109,"journal":{"name":"World Trade Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42414108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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