Cartographica最新文献

{"title":"What Do Children Draw When Asked to Draw a Map? Results of a Mental Map Experiment","authors":"Heather A. Swienton, Alberto Giordano, Ronald R. Hagelman III","doi":"10.3138/cart-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cart-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"When asked to draw a map reflecting on their experience, what do children draw? The authors offer possible answers through the eyes of children aged 6 to 14 who visited the Meadows Center for Water and the Environment on the campus of Texas State University; the 332 maps children were asked to draw after their visit are the focus. Results indicate that according to children, a map can be qualitatively understood as a graphic representation of the child’s experience that includes people and animals, places, and events, and natural and built environments. Children use both mimetic and abstract symbols that vary in shape, are often used repeatedly to create texture or patterns, and can vary in colour that often—but not always—abide by traditional colour denotations. Cartographic scales, legends, or north arrows are rarely used. The abundant use of written labels or descriptive words on their maps suggests that children understand maps as an expressive form that blends symbols and text. In efforts to contribute to the ultimate questioning of what makes a map a map, this study provides a strong empirical case for the what and how of children’s map-making processes concentrating on traditional cartographic conventions and elements.","PeriodicalId":46104,"journal":{"name":"Cartographica","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Santa’s Got a Gun: A Case Study of Cultural Stereotypes Embedded in a Map","authors":"Christopher J.J. Thiry","doi":"10.3138/cart-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cart-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"In the 20th century, the General Drafting Company was one of the “Big Three” American road map makers. When it came to the Company’s Christmas card maps cultural biases overrode their commitment to accuracy and high standards. Starting in 1930, General Drafting produced a series of Christmas card maps that featured Santa Claus. Cultural and regional stereotypes are highlighted in the 1930s maps; the 1950s maps also reveal a prominent American nationalist worldview. Although Santa Claus generally serves as an avatar for the benevolent “Traditional American” who is generous and jolly, the Santa of General Drafting maps portray him differently. Santas are seen harvesting natural resources, hunting animals, and being shown deference by non-Americans while disparaging the Soviet Union. Most disturbingly, Santa is shooting a Native American in the back, and enslaving other Santas in Siberia. The abhorrent behavior is being cloaked by the kindly image of Santa Claus to make his (America’s) actions more palatable. These Christmas card maps are compelling and unique examples that illustrate how accurate cartography can be supplanted by deeply engrained cultural stereotypes and ideologies.","PeriodicalId":46104,"journal":{"name":"Cartographica","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135687996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Cartography and Feminist Geocriticism: A Case Study of the Marichjhapi Massacre","authors":"Jyothi Justin, Nirmala Menon","doi":"10.3138/cart-2022-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cart-2022-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Dalit massacres in India are an understudied area of research, with even fewer works on the female experiences of the massacres. As part of a larger study that aims to create a spatial archive of the female survivors of selected Dalit massacres, this article maps the female survivors of the Marichjhapi massacre (1979). Being the first prototype of the forthcoming archive, a thorough analysis of the massacre is performed here using feminist geocriticism and digital cartography. The introduction gives the background to the massacre and foregrounds the absence of female narratives surrounding the massacre. The next section addresses the gaps in understanding the relation between space, caste, and gender in Dalit scholarship. The methodology section explains the steps involved in a feminist geocritical and digital cartographical approach, which is a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research. The prototype of the cartographic visualizations using QGIS software constitutes the next section, along with a visualization of the results and analysis of the data. Dalit female experiences are foregrounded through a close reading of selected texts, both fictional and non-fictional. This will eventually result in the creation of an archive of female historiography by locating the survivors at the site of the massacre.","PeriodicalId":46104,"journal":{"name":"Cartographica","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Italian Geographer Massimo Quaini’s Critical Contribution to the Study of Maps","authors":"Valentina De Santi, L. Rossi","doi":"10.3138/cart-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cart-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ:Cet article se propose de faire connaitre à un public international de cartographes le travail du géographe italien Massimo Quaini, actif des années 1970 à 2017. Considéré, hors de l’Italie, comme un géographe radical à cause de son ouvrage Marxismo e geografia (1974), Quaini a consacré de nombreuses études à l’histoire et à la critique de la carte. L’intérêt de sa production scientifique concerne avant tout sa contribution à la théorie de la cartographie. En effet, il a soumis à une critique intense la compréhension traditionnelle de l’outil cartographique. Son travail scientifique, qui entremêle les considérations théoriques et l’étude de documents analysés sous tous leurs aspects (commanditaires, auteurs, langues, etc.), se base sur deux types de sources : la cartographie de la région de la Ligurie et l’activité des topographes napoléoniens – domaine où ses études anticipent le remarquable travail d’Anne Godwleska.ABSTRACT:This article proposes to present to an international public of map scholars the work of the Italian geographer Massimo Quaini, active between the 1970s and 2017. Known outside Italy as a radical geographer mainly for his work Geography and Marxism (1982), Quaini has dedicated numerous studies to the history and criticism of the map. The interest in his scientific production concerns firstly his theoretical contribution to map theory, having subjected to an intense criticism the traditional notion of the cartographic device. Theoretical considerations and the study of documents – analysed in every aspect (patrons, authors, languages, etc.) – have intertwined in a scientific work based on two types of sources: the cartography of the Liguria region and the Napoleonic topographers’ activity, studies in which he anticipated the remarkable work of Anne Godwleska.","PeriodicalId":46104,"journal":{"name":"Cartographica","volume":"55 1","pages":"81 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79084403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On England’s Green and Pleasant Land: Matthew Paris’s Map of Britain as a Reflection of the Levant","authors":"T. Hrynick","doi":"10.3138/cart-2022-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cart-2022-0020","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In the mid-thirteenth century, the noted English Benedictine chronicler Matthew Paris produced a substantial corpus of regional maps. Especially famous is Paris’s Map of Britain, particularly the version preserved in British Library Cotton Claudius d. vi, known for its mimetic accuracy, artistic presentation, and striking level of detail. Another of Paris’s maps, however, a map of the eastern Mediterranean preserved on Oxford Corpus Christi MS 2*, though little studied, shares many of the features which made the Map of Britain so remarkable. Internal evidence strongly suggests that the Oxford Map and the Claudius Map of Britain derive from a common project which depicted England and the Holy Land as mirror images – a project which would have had profound meaning in the contemporary political context, serving to express horror at Jerusalem’s fall in 1244, articulate support for a new English-led crusade, and comment critically on King Henry III’s performative piety. The subsequent abandonment of the project is equally informative since it demonstrates that medieval maps, far from being formulaic expressions of set religious doctrine, could express political opinions so intensely topical that they could become outdated before they were even complete.RÉSUMÉ:Au milieu du XIIIe siècle, l’illustre chroniqueur bénédictin anglais Matthew Paris a produit un corpus substantiel de cartes régionales. Sa carte de Grande-Bretagne est célèbre, en particulier dans la version conservée à la British Library, Cotton Claudius d. vi, dont la précision mimétique, la présentation artistique et le degré de détail exceptionnel sont réputés. Une autre des cartes de Matthew Paris, peu étudiée, partage cependant un grand nombre des caractéristiques qui rendent la carte de Grande-Bretagne si remarquable. Il s’agit d’une carte de la Méditerranée orientale, Oxford Corpus Christi MS 2 *. Des éléments internes convaincants suggèrent que la carte d’Oxford et la carte Claudius de Grande-Bretagne dérivent d’un projet commun de représenter l’Angleterre et la Terre sainte comme des images en miroir – projet qui, en exprimant l’horreur de la chute de Jérusalem en 1244, le soutien à une nouvelle croisade menée par les Anglais et un commentaire critique sur la piété ostentatoire du roi Henri III, aurait eu une signification profonde dans le contexte politique de l’époque. L’abandon ultérieur de ce projet est tout aussi instructif, puisqu’il montre que les cartes médiévales, loin d’être une expression stéréotypée de la doctrine religieuse établie, pouvaient exprimer des opinions politiques d’une actualité si immédiate qu’elles devenaient parfois obsolètes avant même d’être terminées.","PeriodicalId":46104,"journal":{"name":"Cartographica","volume":"132 1","pages":"64 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79644498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Historical GIS and Digital Humanities Walk Hand in Hand?","authors":"Vinicius Maluly, T. Gil, Massimiliano Grava","doi":"10.3138/cart-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cart-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ:Empruntant à des débats amorcés dans les pays anglo-saxons, un certain nombre de pays accordent aujourd’hui de plus en plus d’importance au rôle brillant que devraient jouer les systèmes d’information géographique (SIG) du passé dans la galaxie des sciences humaines numériques. Le raisonnement est abordé, bien qu’avec un empressement plus ou moins grand et de manière distincte selon les disciplines, dans bon nombre de contributions et de colloques, et le courant dominant est celui d’un appui solide à la thèse qui place les SIG du passé au rang des composantes du macrosecteur des humanités numériques. Or, le maintien d’un écart, disons disciplinaire, entre les deux présente un caractère réellement pratique, et c’est cette interprétation alternative qui est proposée ici à des fins de croissance cognitive. Il ne s’agit donc pas d’établir la préséance ou l’hégémonie des uns sur les autres, mais plutôt d’un « appel aux armes » invitant les historien•nes, les géographes, les urbanistes, les archéologues, les écologistes, etc., à se prévaloir de l’hétérogénéité scientifique (l’interdisciplinarité) pour offrir un espace commun au dialogue. Ainsi, grâce à l’union de différentes forces qui, individuellement, demeurent partielles et marginales dans leur utilisation des SIG historiques, il devient possible d’envisager une croissance réelle, capable d’enrichir effectivement la recherche géographique, historique et cartographique basée sur l’utilisation des SIG dans le contexte des sciences humaines numériques.ABSTRACT:In a number of countries today, borrowing from a discussion that originated in Anglo-Saxon countries, there is an increasingly insistent discussion of historical GIS as one of the stars of the digital humanities galaxy. The reasoning has been addressed, albeit with some delay and distinctly by disciplinary sectors, in a number of contributions and congresses and has seen the prevalence of a substantial acceptance of this thesis that pegs historical GIS as a component of the macro-sector of digital humanities. An alternative reading on the real convenience of maintaining a rather disciplinary distance between both is offered for the purposes of cognitive growth. It is therefore not a question of establishing primaries or hegemonies of one over the other but rather a “call to arms” (historians, geographers, urban planners, archaeologists, ecologists, etc.) by leveraging the scientific heterogeneity (interdisciplinarity), offering space for common dialogue. Thus, through the uniting of different forces that individually remain partial and marginal in the use of historical GIS will it be possible to consider real growth that can enable an effective enrichment of geographical-historical-cartographic research based on the use of GIS in face of the digital humanities.","PeriodicalId":46104,"journal":{"name":"Cartographica","volume":"72 1","pages":"59 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84491898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping for Access: A Methodology for Improving Inclusion on University Campuses","authors":"Victoria Fast, Zachary Lamoureux, Linda Derksen","doi":"10.3138/cart-2021-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cart-2021-0021","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ:Les cartes sont des outils indispensables pour les campus universitaires dans la mesure où elles aident les étudiants, le personnel et les visiteurs à s'orienter dans l'ensemble souvent dispersé des bâtiments qui se sont multipliés au fil du temps. Cependant, la plupart des plans de campus ne contiennent pas de renseignements essentiels à la navigation piéton, telles que les trottoirs, les escaliers et les entrées. Cette lacune est particulièrement problématique pour une personne sur cinq ayant une incapacité liée à la mobilité, qu'elle soit temporaire, permanente ou invisible.L’objectif de la présente recherche est de créer des cartes de campus plus inclusives et plus accessibles. En utilisant comme étude de cas le campus de l'Université de l'île de Vancouver, à Nanaimo, en Colombie-Britannique, cet article adopte une méthodologie visant à créer un plan d'accès tout en examinant l’impact du plan, des données, ainsi que du projet dans son ensemble sur la communauté universitaire et les services d'infrastructure. En partageant cette méthodologie de recherche, cette publication entend permettre à tous les campus de créer des plans d'accès et d’encourager leur réalisation.ABSTRACT:Maps are critical for university campuses, as they help students, staff, and visitors navigate the often-scattered array of buildings that have grown over time. However, most campus maps do not contain critical pedestrian-level navigation information such as sidewalks, stairs, and entrances. This void is especially problematic for one in five people with mobility-related disabilities, whether temporary, permanent, or invisible.In this research, we set out to create more inclusive and accessible campus maps. Using Vancouver Island University’s Nanaimo, BC campus as a case study, we present a methodology for creating an access map and discuss the impact the map, data, and project overall has had on the campus community and facilities services. In sharing this research methodology, we want to enable and advocate for all campuses to create access maps.","PeriodicalId":46104,"journal":{"name":"Cartographica","volume":"12 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84647458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting Workers on the Map: Towards a Labour Cartography","authors":"S. McFarland","doi":"10.3138/cart-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cart-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ:La cartographie du travail est un cadre utile pour la recherche cartographique. Le projet de cartographie du travail implique trois domaines d'étude principaux. Premièrement, la récupération d'archives de cartes créées par les travailleurs et les syndicats, une histoire de la cartographie vue d'en bas. Deuxièmement, la cartographie et l'analyse spatiale qui rendent visibles les modèles historiques de travail, d'organisation et de vie communautaire de la classe ouvrière. Troisièmement, la recherche sur les applications des SIG par les syndicats contemporains et les organismes de défense des travailleurs, dans l’optique de développer des utilisations plus répandues, plus sophistiquées et plus démocratiques des cartes et de l'analyse spatiale dans le travail d'organisation. Les archives syndicales américaines contiennent de nombreuses cartes collectées, réutilisées, réalisées et distribuées par les travailleurs et leurs syndicats. Ces cartes constituent la base d'une nouvelle reconnaissance de la présence des travailleurs et des syndicats dans l'histoire de la cartographie, une reconnaissance analogue à celle ayant guidé les travaux de géographie du travail qui ont vu le jour dans les années 1990. Les cartes existantes mettent en lumière les tensions importantes dans la production, la synthèse et la diffusion des connaissances géographiques. Elles reflètent le défi que les syndicats ont dû relever pour concilier expertise et participation : orienter l'activité d'organisation syndicale à l'aide d'un éventail de renseignements, depuis les géographies sociales fines de l'atelier jusqu'au vaste terrain de la recherche sur les campagnes d'entreprise et sectorielles.ABSTRACT:Labour cartography is a useful frame for cartographic research. The project of labour cartography involves three main areas of study. First, recovery of an archive of maps created by workers and labour unions, a history of cartography from below. Second, mapping and spatial analysis that renders visible historical patterns of work, organizing, and working-class community life. Third, research into applications of GIS by contemporary labour unions and workers’ advocacy organizations, with an eye to developing more widespread, sophisticated, and democratic uses of maps and spatial analysis in organizing work. US labour archives contain many maps collected, repurposed, made, and distributed by workers and their unions. These maps provide the basis for a new recognition of the presence of workers and unions in cartographic history, a recognition analogous to that which guided work in labour geography that emerged in the 1990s. Extant maps illuminate scalar tensions in the production, synthesis, and dissemination of geographic knowledge. They reflect the unions’ challenge of reconciling expertise with participation: steering labour organizing activity by a range of information, from the fine-grained social geographies of the shop floor up through the broad terrain of corporate and s","PeriodicalId":46104,"journal":{"name":"Cartographica","volume":"146 1","pages":"21 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88637207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maps and Symbolic Power: Cartographic Discourse and the Rise of Spy Hysteria in the Russian Empire on the Eve of World War I","authors":"K. Grigor’eva","doi":"10.3138/cart-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cart-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ:Le concept de carte a subi une transformation importante au cours des trente dernières années. Différentes orientations théoriques ont apporté des ajustements importants à la compréhension des cartes, si bien que les images cartographiques ne sont plus perçues comme des «miroirs de la nature», reflétant impassiblement la réalité. Cependant, les approches critiques actuellement dominantes pour penser les cartes ne sont pas sans défauts. La thèse selon laquelle la carte en tant que telle possède un pouvoir magique puissant pour transformer la réalité sociale en est un élément clé. Cette notion quelque peu naïve, qui s’apparente à la pensée magique prémoderne sur les images, empêche de comprendre correctement le fonctionnement des cartes et d’où elles tirent leur pouvoir performatif. Le concept de pouvoir symbolique de Pierre Bourdieu permet de clarifier ces questions. Dans cet article, à l’aide d’une étude de cas portant sur la carte n° 45, créée par le district militaire de Kiev de l’Empire russe à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale, je montre comment l’approche de Bourdieu fonctionne dans un matériau concret, en mettant en évidence la relation des images cartographiques performatives avec les positions structurelles des acteurs impliqués dans le jeu social avec les cartes ainsi qu’avec le champ politique, le champ bureaucratique et les énoncés performatifs précédents et suivants. Le cas choisi pour l’analyse est intéressant dans la mesure où il nous permet de voir comment des images cartographiques incertaines et constamment contestées, accompagnées de discours absurdement agressifs, contribuent dans certaines circonstances à la naissance de faits juridiques (performatifs de premier ordre) qui entraînent des conséquences sociales désastreuses. Parallèlement, l’histoire de la carte n° 45 démontre la fragilité de la magie sociale et ses origines non cartographiques.ABSTRACT:The conception of maps has undergone major transformations over the past 30-odd years. Various theoretical trends have made significant alterations to the understanding of maps, such that cartographic images are no longer considered to be “mirrors of nature,” which reflect reality in a dispassionate manner. However, the dominant contemporary critical approaches to map interpretation also have their own flaws. The pivotal one is the thesis that a map, as such, has great magical power that can transform social reality. This rather naïve perception, in many ways similar to pre-modern magical reasoning about imagery, prevents an appropriate understanding of the ways in which maps work and the sources from which they derive their performative power. The concept of symbolic power developed by Pierre Bourdieu clarifies these questions. This article uses a case study of Map No. 45, created by the Kiev Military District of the Russian Empire on the eve of World War I, to show how Bourdieu’s method works with specific material, highlighting the relation between performative c","PeriodicalId":46104,"journal":{"name":"Cartographica","volume":"6 1","pages":"47 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78991292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dating the Sir Francis Drake Silver Maps","authors":"A. Bahill","doi":"10.3138/cart-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cart-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ:Les Drake << Silver Maps >> sont des disques d’argent de 68 mm (2.7 po) de diamètre avec des cartes du monde connu du XVIe siècle sur la route de Drake. Ils ont probablement été estampillés avec des matrices. Les neuf médailles existantes ont des poids de 260 à 424 grains (environ une once pour le plus lourd). Chacune de ces médailles a un diamètre qui est à peu près le même que celui d’un base-ball. Le plus léger est aussi mince qu’un ongle du pouce et le plus lourd est aussi épais qu’une carte de crédit. Cet article montre qu’ils ont été le plus probable statement créés en 1588–89: la preuve la plus forte pour cela est qu’ils ont utilisé la projection de carte stéréographique équatoriale double hémisphère de Mercator qui a été inventé par Rumold Mercator en 1587.ABSTRACT:The Drake Silver Maps are 68-mm-diameter silver disks with maps of the sixteenth-century known world featuring Drake’s route of circumnavigation. They were probably stamped with dies. The nine existing medallions have weights from 260 to 424 grains (the heaviest one weighs about 28 g). Each of these medallions has a diameter that is about the same as that of a tennis ball. The lightest one is as thin as a thumbnail, and the heaviest one is as thick as a credit card. This article shows that they were most likely created in 1588–89: the strongest evidence for this is that they used the double-hemisphere equatorial stereographic map projection that was first used by Rumold Mercator in 1587.","PeriodicalId":46104,"journal":{"name":"Cartographica","volume":"52 1","pages":"291 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91019588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}