Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies最新文献

{"title":"Racial Inequalities in Mortality from Pediatric Asthma in the United States: Clinical and Public Health Challenges","authors":"Namrata Gadela, Alexandra Rubenstein, Maria C. Mejia, S. Gonzalez, C. Hennekens, R. Levine, Sarah K. Wood","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.2017533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.2017533","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the United States (US), morbidity and mortality from pediatric asthma are increasing. We explored racial inequities using the Multiple Causes of Death Files of the US National Center for Health Statistics and the Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) for 1–14-year-olds from 1999 to 2018. We obtained mortality rates, Black:White mortality rate ratios (MRRs) and Annual Percent Change (APC). We tested for significance with 95% confidence intervals and joinpoint regression. Of 2,731 deaths from asthma, Blacks comprised 65.25% and 21.25% of the population. Black:White MRRs were 6.43 for 1–4, 7.54 for 5–9 and 6.88 for 10–14-year-olds of 6.88. The APC decline of −2.56 (p < 0.05) was significant among Whites but not Blacks. MRRs increased significantly from 4.23 in 2000 to16.57 in 2015 and declined to 6.69 in 2018. Among Black boys and girls, mortality rates were highest in Large Central Metropolitan areas. For Whites, rates were similar by urbanization in girls but were highest in Non-core, Non-metropolitan rural areas in boys. These descriptive data demonstrate statistically significant racial inequities in mortality from pediatric asthma in the US. They generate hypotheses, including, but not limited to, those related to under-resourced families and communities as well as economic and social marginalization. These and other plausible hypotheses require direct testing in analytic epidemiologic studies designed a priori to do so. In the meanwhile, efforts are necessary to strengthen community-driven initiatives and focus attention on inequitable systems, hierarchies, social structure and institutional practices. These include multifactorial interventions for individual, environmental and societal risk factors and educational efforts toward health-care providers and their patients about structural racism; these may combat, at least in part, vulnerabilities in US children and youth and improve racial inequities overall and from pediatric asthma.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"344 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48064269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental multiple sclerosis: child-parent and child –peer attachment","authors":"Sofia Anassontzi, Anna L. Christopoulos, J. Tsiantis","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.2015032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.2015032","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The relationship between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in the parent and the psychological adjustment of the child has been a source of interest and concern in the literature, and in the current study the aim was to investigate the quality of attachment in the child’s relationship with parents as well as with peers. Studies have investigated a variety of dimensions such as developmental outcomes, behavioral problems and psychiatric symptomatology with interesting but conflicting results. The present study focused on children’s relationships with their parents and with peers in families where one parent had MS, compared to children with two healthy parents. This is a correlational and predictive quantitative study. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), which investigates parent-child and child-peer relationships, was the instrument of the study. The results of the study show that children from a family with a parent with MS report secure attachment with their parents but insecure attachment with their peers. Children from a family with healthy parents report secure attachment with their parents and with their peers. This study indicates that children from families with a parent with MS differ significantly from children with two healthy parents to their attachment with their peers, in all the three dimensions: trust, communication and feelings of alienation, as well as in the global score of attachment. The findings have significant implications both empirically and clinically for families where one parent has MS. Clinical interventions must pay significant attention to these relationships and how problems with peers might be related to other psychological difficulties of children with an MS ill parent.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"19 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42823117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyber-victimization among adolescents: its relationships with primary appraisal and coping strategies","authors":"Siah Poh Chua, Tee Xiang Yi, Grace Yap Chin Choo, Tan Chee Seng, Joanna Tan Tjin Ai, Low Sew Kim, Komathi Lokithasan","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.2008077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.2008077","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cyber-victimization is prevalent among adolescents, but not all cyber-victims experience the same level of negative impacts. The individual difference can be related to their adopted coping strategies. By using the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping as a framework, it is expected that cyber-victims would appraise the bullying differently; which leads them to adopt different coping strategies. Cyber-victims are more likely to adopt passive coping strategies when they experience bullying from known bullies that they have frequent contact with. On the other hand, when they perceive that they have no future contact with the bullies, cyber-victims are more likely to adopt active coping strategies. In this study, school counsellors selected eighteen cyber-victims to participate in an in-depth interview using the purposive sampling method. The textual data was then analysed with thematic analysis. The results showed that this study identified some types of cyberbullying and coping strategies that are not covered in existing measurements; while participants are more likely to use passive strategies to cope with cyberbullying. More importantly, the findings revealed probable associations between known and unknown bullies and the use of active or passive coping strategies. The findings of this study indicate the importance of exploring the associations between primary and secondary appraisals as their relationships are seldom examined in cyber-victimization studies.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"334 - 343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48118236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for the prevalence of anemia in children aged 6–59 months at different levels in Ethiopia","authors":"D. Teni, Tilahun Bedaso","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.2002490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.2002490","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Anemia is a global public health concern affecting both developed and developing nations. Anemia in children aged 6–59 months remains a severe public health problem in Ethiopia; it affects an estimated 56% of children under age 5 years, 23% of women of reproductive age, and 18% of adult men. Thus, the major goal of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with the prevalence of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia. Samples of 7795 children were taken from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey Data, using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling design. Our sample revealed 60% of children were anemic. Region of residence has a notable effect on the prevalence of anemia. In the Somali region, 81.9% of children were anemic, in the Amhara region 42.4% were anemic, and these are the highest and lowest observed rates. We employed hierarchical models in two levels; children level and region level. A random coefficient model, a model with a random slope for children-level predictors, and a fixed effect for region-level predictor best fit the anemia data and it was considered for final analysis. Results showed that the age of children, child-size at birth, age of mother, and mother’s history of anemia were significant factors for the prevalence of anemia at the children level. Anemic mothers were more likely to have anemic children. While the risk factors for the prevalence of anemia at the regional level were a place of residence and wealth index. Being in rural areas and has poor households have a higher risk of anemia.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"359 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45795088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the situation of children living in residential care: data gaps and innovations","authors":"C. Cappa, Nicole Petrowski, Antoine Deliege, Muhammad Rafiq Khan","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.1996669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.1996669","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Worldwide, an estimated 2.7 million children live in so-called orphanages or other residential care facilities. This figure is likely an underestimate, however, since many low and middle-income countries lack reliable data on this issue. To address this gap, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) has developed a comprehensive tool to collect data on children living in residential care. It is comprised of a protocol that outlines the recommended steps for gathering data, 12 data collection tools, and an implementation package covering everything from sample design to the dissemination of the findings. The package is designed to generate information on the number and location of all residential care facilities in a country, the number and basic characteristics of children living in them, as well as selected measures of their well-being. The survey gathers data from children and their caregivers using existing measures of child well-being that can produce data for reporting on a number of key child-related indicators, including those that comprise global monitoring frameworks such as the Sustainable Development Goals. The purpose of this article is to describe the process of testing and piloting the UNICEF protocol on children in residential care in three countries: India, Ghana, and Kazakhstan. The methodology employed in each country is briefly described along with some of the key challenges faced, and lessons learned, from implementing the protocol in these three diverse settings.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"110 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49512584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness and recognition on signs and symptoms of child sexual abuse (CSA) among Malaysian parents of Malay, Chinese and Indian Descent","authors":"T. S. Aun, Ang Siew Mun, Khoo Sot Mei, Ong Ming Jie, Kok Jin Yee","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.2001613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.2001613","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The number of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) cases in Malaysia has increased over the years but many have gone unreported. The current study thus aimed to investigate the awareness and recognition on signs and symptoms of CSA among Malaysian parents of Malay, Chinese and Indian descent. A total of 402 multi-ethnic parents participated in this quantitative, cross-sectional, and interviewer-administered survey. Prior to the study, informed consent was obtained from the respondents. The CSA Myth Scale and the Recognition on Signs and Symptoms of CSA Scale were used to measure the variables of the study. The findings indicated that Malaysian Indian (MI) parents have the highest awareness and knowledge of CSA, while the Malaysian Chinese (MC) parents have the lowest. The Malaysian Malay (MM) parents have average awareness and knowledge of CSA. Moreover, it was found that less than half of the 402 respondents were able to positively identify the signs and symptoms of CSA and that 41.8% of the respondents believed that their children would never be sexually abused. Further probing is henceforth warranted to ascertain the reason(s) for their confidence. Finally, this study has helped close the knowledge gap by providing a peek into the awareness and knowledge of CSA among Malaysian parents of the three major ethnicities in the country.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"289 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48446621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum and predictors of suicidal risk among incarcerated youth in a correctional facility in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria","authors":"M. D. Lasisi, F. Nuhu, Femi Adebayo, E. Eseigbe, T. Sheikh","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.1990456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.1990456","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Suicide is a primary emergency for mental health professionals, a major public health problem and the most common mode of death in prisons. Although juvenile crime rates appear to have fallen since the mid-1990s, this decrease has not reduced the concern particularly in the sub-Saharan Africa where the population is predominantly youth who are also increasingly prone to vices that may lead to incarceration. To determine the spectrum and predictors of suicide risk among incarcerated youth. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Borstal Training Institution in Kaduna, North-western Nigeria between March 2018 and June, 2018. We recorded the participants’ socio-demographic details using a data collection sheet while the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Questionnaire was used to assess all the categories of adverse childhood experiences. We used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to assess for depression and suicidality in the participants. The 262 youth aged 18 years to 35 years were all males with mean age of 22.34 years (SD ±3.68). The prevalence of 40.1% (105) was obtained for suicide risk; majority were low risk (37.1%). Six (2.3%) participants had made suicidal attempts while 21 (8.0%) had lifetime attempt. Participants that were likely to make an attempt in the future were 2.7% (7) and twenty participants (7.6%) had suicidal behavior disorder. However, no current depression (OR = 3.248; P value = 0.021; 95% CI = 1.196–8.826), previous remands (OR = 0.523; P value = 0.043; 95% CI = 0.280–0.979), increasing age (OR = 1.099; P value = 0.020; 95% CI = 1.015–1.019) and having mothers with high-level jobs (OR = 0.417; P value = 0.002; 95% CI = 0.238–0.731) were the only predictors of suicide risk. Suicide risk is prevalent among incarcerated youth and proven suicide prevention strategies should be incorporated into their management.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"147 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46502434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation of anxiety and depression among Chinese primary school students after the resumption of school post-COVID-19","authors":"Yiqing He, Yuanrong Li","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.1985198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.1985198","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study used the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and 9 Patients Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to investigate the anxiety and depression of 1366 primary school students in Shenzhen after the resumption of school. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, many parents began wondering whether months of isolation, a lack of organized school education, and potential loss of relatives would have a long-term impact on their children’s mental health. The results of this study indicate that the rates of anxiety and depression among primary school students are indeed higher than before COVID-19, including the detection rate of anxiety and depression comorbidity, which has reached 11.7%. As age and grade increase, so do the scores of anxiety and depression among primary school students, with those of boys being higher than those of girls. In addition to age, grade, and gender, anxiety and depression scores were found to also be affected by other factors, such as the daily time spent using mobile phones for entertainment and exercising. Besides, these increases were found to be related to feelings of fear and nervousness towards aspects of the pandemic and worries about getting sick. Altogether, these results indicate that the mental state and health of primary school students following the pandemic is worth paying attention to, and that psychological intervention should be carried out in time. Overall, the results of this study may serve as a helpful guide as to how primary schools should carry out courses and activities to promote students’ mental health after the pandemic situation stabilizes. Moreover, they may provide a reference for further study on the influence of pandemic situations on the anxiety and depression of primary school students.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"232 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42202888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender roles and representations of sexual abuse: how are asymmetrical gender attitudes related to the legitimation of sexual abuse of children and youth?","authors":"Catarina Monteiro, C. Moleiro","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.1984621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.1984621","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sexual abuse of children and youth is considered a public health problem. However, it is still a taboo, surrounded by a variety of myths. The main objective of this work was to investigate the relationship between attitudes toward gender roles and the social representations of sexual abuse of children and youth in a sample of students and professionals in the fields of health, education, social work, law, law enforcement and others with contact with children and youth. The present study consisted of a sample of 168 participants, and data collection was performed through an online questionnaire consisting of three self-report instruments – Questionnaire on Representations of Sexual Abuse of Children – Stories (QRASC-HIS), the Sexual Abuse Beliefs Scale (SABS) and the Pacific Attitudes Towards Gender Scale (PATG). Main findings indicate that attitudes toward gender roles were related to the social representations of sexual abuse of children and youth, in that individuals with more gender asymmetric attitudes reported greater legitimation beliefs of sexual abuse. Data also showed that cases where the aggressor was a female adult and the victim was male (pre-adolescent boy) were more legitimated. Implications for theory, practice and training are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"300 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43709571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘I don’t think anyone thinks of us’: experiences of teenage head porters amidst COVID-19 in Ghana","authors":"C. R. Mbamba, I. K. Ndemole, Madinatu Sarah Hassan, Stella Gmekpebi Gabuljah, Desire Senam Okpattah","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.1975860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.1975860","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Ghana, a population of teenage head porters have made the streets their sole living and breathing space. They are faced with several challenges as they live and work on the streets. The era of COVID-19 amidst several safety protocols that should be followed including maintaining physical and social distance as well as reducing movements appears to be detrimental to the survival patterns of teenager head porters as they live and work on the streets. Consequently, the study explores the experiences of teenage head porters in the wake of the pandemic to draw practice implications. Evidence was collected using semi-structured qualitative interviews with 20 teenage head porters in Kumasi, Ghana. Narratives were analyzed thematically using reflective thematic analysis procedures. The study identified Kinship neglect and high exposure to infection as over-arching challenges experienced by teenage head porters on the streets amidst COVID-19. The study suggests providing emergency state intervention programs to aid teenage head porters' survival. Findings also support working with social workers to spearhead the campaign for these interventions as a humanitarian profession and recommend that the Department of Social Welfare collaborates with some agencies and organizations like the street children’s project in Accra and Kumasi to provide alternative economic engagements like vocational training to take them out of the streets.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"221 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43125737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}