Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies最新文献

{"title":"Other people’s children and the critical role of the social service workforce","authors":"C. Desmond, Kathryn Watt, M. Tomlinson, John Williamson, L. Sherr, M. Sullivan, L. Cluver","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2040762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2040762","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding the needs of your child is complicated. Understanding the varied needs of a population of children with whom you have no direct contact is the near impossible challenge policy makers, government planners and donors face when making policy or selecting interventions to fund and implement. They cannot unpack children’s individual needs and so must predict what is most important for a given population and which services to prioritise. This can be simplified by assuming that the needs of other people’s children are hierarchical: basic needs, such as food and shelter, must be met before considering higher-order needs. This conceptualisation justifies a focus on basic needs and decision makers can ignore higher-order needs and the complex interventions they may require, because both are assumed to be of secondary importance. Assuming a hierarchy of needs is a mistake. By drawing on examples from the literature, we outline how children, our own and other people’s, have non-hierarchical needs and thus caring for them is a balancing act, best done by those close to them. This conceptualisation highlights the importance of supporting families to support children. For a subset of families who are struggling, additional family strengthening interventions may be needed. In the relatively rare cases that such interventions are insufficient as family function is severely compromised, more intensive interventions may be necessary, but must be undertaken with great care and skill. Social services are critical because they have the potential to facilitate the intensive interventions when they are required, and while they are not required by all, for some of the most vulnerable children they are essential. The quality standards of such a service will be key in meeting the needs of other people’s children.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"5 3","pages":"97 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41264676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tablet vs. Book learning: association with memory, attention, and learning abilities among lebanese children","authors":"Jessika Tawil, C. Haddad, Youssef Farchakh, H. Sacre, Rita Nabout, S. Obeid, P. Salameh, S. Hallit","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2042447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2042447","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Lebanon, the methods of teaching employed are mostly conventional. Teachers spend a lot of time giving lessons and homework to students, as well as reading assignments and correcting exercises completed in class. Students usually play a passive role in the education process; they listen calmly, occasionally question what is presented, and copy texts and information dictated by the teacher. Textbooks are the major source of instruction, yet many Lebanese schools have partially introduced electronic devices, and have discreetly started to rely on them. Given the reported discrepancies between textbooks and tablets learning, it was essential to conduct a Lebanese study that compares both entities. To assess the influence of textbooks and tablets on cognition and attention, it was also necessary to consider the schooling age that is critical for understanding the human brain and cognition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the association between of tablet vs. book learning on memory, attention, and learning abilities among Lebanese children. This cross-sectional study, conducted between January-May 2019, enrolled 566 students aged of 11–13 years. Two schools were chosen conveniently for this study, one of them uses the Tablet and text books for students’ learning whereas the second one uses text books exclusively. Students were randomly chosen from the list given by the school administration. Textbook learning was significantly associated with better episodic and visual memory, better attention, processing speed and mathematic skills compared to tablets and textbook learning. Learning is evolving to another level and forever changing. Many studies should be conducted in order to understand the importance of merging new and old techniques to ensure that the next generations are receiving what can positively affect their cognitive skills and their performance.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"393 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43645716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge levels regarding sexually transmitted diseases among individuals with visual impairment: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Hatice Güdül Öz, H. Yangın, Arzu Akpinar","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2038400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2038400","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to discover characteristics of individuals with visually impairment (VI) that are associated with lower knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), in Turkey. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected online from 110 individuals with VI. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Knowledge regarding STDs varies significantly with gender, marital status, and education status (p < .05). The study provides evidence to indicate that participants have an inadequate of information the mode of transmission, prevention, and various types of STDs. The results call for intensified STD-related education and awareness creation for individuals with VI.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"382 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45703988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral problems and its associated factors among siblings of children with developmental disabilities: analytical cross-sectional study","authors":"Apsara Ali Nathwani, M. Lakhdir, S. Azam, A. Siddiqui","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.2023788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.2023788","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The typically developing siblings of children with disabilities are vulnerable to behavioral problems as they grow up in an environment of considerable stress. Yet, the needs and behavior problems of these siblings are often neglected especially in Pakistan. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the behavior problems among siblings of children with developmental disabilities. The strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) was administered on 250 siblings (aged 6–17 years) of children with a developmental disability (Autism, Intellectual disability (ID), Down Syndrome (DS), and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)) attending special education institutions in Karachi, Pakistan. Multiple linear regression was applied to assess the relationship between SDQ scores and other demographic, parental, and disability-related factors. Adjusted beta coefficients were reported along with a 95% confidence interval. The average SDQ score was found to be 14 ± 6 among the siblings of children with developmental disabilities. Multivariable analysis showed that the estimated mean SDQ score was almost twice among siblings of children with ADHD (95% CI: 0.73–3.48) and ID (95% CI: 0.64–3.16) than siblings of children with Down syndrome. Also, the mean SDQ score was 8 units higher among siblings of children with a severe developmental disability compared to mild disability (95% CI: 6.79–9.47). The findings of the current study emphasize the need for appropriate mental health services, using a family-focused approach from therapeutic and counseling platforms to the siblings, parents, and disabled brother/sister for early identification and management of behavior issues. Abbreviations: ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder; AKU: Aga Khan University; β: Beta Coefficient (Slope); βo: Intercept; CHS: Community Health Sciences; DS: Down syndrom; ERC: Ethical Review Committee; ID: Intellectual Disability; MLR: Multiple Linear Regression; SDQ: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SES: Socioeconomic Status; TD: Typically Developing","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"180 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48724887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationships between resilience, care environment, and social-psychological factors in orphaned and separated adolescents in western Kenya.","authors":"Sarah C Sutherland,&nbsp;Harry S Shannon,&nbsp;David Ayuku,&nbsp;David L Streiner,&nbsp;Olli Saarela,&nbsp;Lukoye Atwoli,&nbsp;Paula Braitstein","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2067381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2067381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationships between care environment, resilience, and social factors in orphaned and separated adolescents and youths (OSAY) in western Kenya are complex and under-studied. This study examines these relationships through the analysis of survey responses from OSAY living in Charitable Children's Institutes (CCI) and family-based care settings (FBS) in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The associations between 1) care environment and resilience (measured using the 14-item Resilience Scale); 2) care environment and factors thought to promote resilience (e.g. social, family, and peer support); and 3) resilience and these same resilience-promoting factors, were examined using multivariable linear and logistic regressions. This cross-sectional study included 1202 OSAY (50.4% female) aged 10-26 (mean=16; SD=3.5). The mean resilience score in CCIs was 71 (95%CI=69-73) vs. 64 (95%CI=62-66) in FBS. OSAY in CCIs had higher resilience (β=7.67; 95%CI=5.26-10.09), social support (β=0.26; 95%CI=0.14-0.37), and peer support (β=0.90; 95%CI=0.64-1.17) than those in FBS. OSAY in CCIs were more likely to volunteer than those in FBS (OR=3.72; 95%CI=1.80-7.68), except in the male subgroup. Family (β=0.42; 95%CI=0.24-0.60), social (β=4.19; 95%CI=2.53-5.85), and peer (β=2.13; 95%CI=1.44-2.83) relationships were positively associated with resilience in all analyses. Volunteering was positively associated with resilience (β=5.85; 95%CI=1.51-10.19). The factor most strongly related to resilience in both fully adjusted models was peer support. This study found a strong relationship between care environment and resilience. Care environment and resilience each independently demonstrated strong relationships with peer support, social support, and participating in volunteer activities. Resilience also had a strong relationship with familial support. These data suggest that resilience can be developed through strategic supports to this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 2","pages":"165-179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9302592/pdf/nihms-1804052.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9361468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Self-Efficacy in HIV treatment Adherence and its interaction with psychosocial factors among HIV Positive Adolescents in Transition to Adult Care in Kenya.","authors":"Nyawira Gitahi-Kamau,&nbsp;Samuel Wahome,&nbsp;Peter Memiah,&nbsp;Elizabeth A Bukusi","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.1954736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.1954736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescents and young adults (15-24 yrs.) have poorer HIV clinical outcomes than adults. Despite this, there is minimal data on individual-level factors such as self-efficacy towards antiretroviral adherence among perinatally infected adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Our study examined the interaction between antiretroviral treatment adherence self-efficacy and other psychosocial factors among adolescents receiving care in Nairobi, Kenya. We enrolled perinatally infected Adolescent Living with HIV (ALWHIV) 16-19 yrs. who were accessing care routinely at the HIV clinic. We measured self-reported ART adherence (7-day recall) and defined optimal adherence as >95%, and conducted a regression analysis to identify independently associated factors. Mediation analysis explored interactions between the psychosocial variables. We enrolled 82 ALWHIV median age 17 (IQR 16,18) who had been on ART for a median age of 11 yrs. (IQR 7,13). Sixty-four per cent (52) of the ALWHIV reported optimal adherence of >95%, and 15% reported missing doses for three or more months. After controlling for the other covariates, self-esteem, high viral load and an adherence level > 95% were significantly associated with adherence self-efficacy. Self-esteem was significantly associated with adherence self-efficacy and social support (p<0.001 and p=0.001), respectively. The paramed test indicated that the association between self-efficacy and adherence was mediated by self-esteem with a total effect of OR 6.93 (bootstrap 95% CI 1.99-24.14). Adherence self-efficacy was also mediated by self-esteem in developing adherence behavior. Interventions focused on increasing adherence among ALWHIV should include self-esteem building components.</p>","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 4","pages":"308-319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9698266/pdf/nihms-1733879.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10458395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronavirus stress and adolescents’ internalizing problems: exploring the effect of optimism and pessimism","authors":"Faramarz Asanjarani, Gökmen Arslan, H. Alqashan, P. Sadeghi","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.2020386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.2020386","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Coronavirus and its stress can have a significant impact on an individual’s psychological and physical well-being. Studies show that children and adolescents are among the most vulnerable groups as they lack adaptive coping strategies. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the mediating effect of optimism and pessimism on the association between coronavirus stress and youth internalizing problems among Iranian adolescents. The sample of this study included 408 students (42.4% female) recruited through cluster sampling. Participants were administered Corona Stress Measure (CSM), Optimism-Pessimism Measure (OPM), and Youth Internalizing Behavior Screener (YIBS). Results from the analyses showed that coronavirus stress was a significant and positive predictor of internalizing problems and pessimism, as well as a negative predictor of optimism. Additionally, the results showed that optimism and pessimism mediated the effect of coronavirus related stress on youth internalizing symptoms. Coronavirus stress significantly predicted internalizing problems through optimism and pessimism among young Iranian people. Given the importance of understanding the relationship between Coronavirus stress and internalizing problems through the mediating role of optimism-pessimism, this study provides the foundation for understanding internalizing behaviors in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"281 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46647555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial Inequalities in Mortality from Pediatric Asthma in the United States: Clinical and Public Health Challenges","authors":"Namrata Gadela, Alexandra Rubenstein, Maria C. Mejia, S. Gonzalez, C. Hennekens, R. Levine, Sarah K. Wood","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.2017533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.2017533","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the United States (US), morbidity and mortality from pediatric asthma are increasing. We explored racial inequities using the Multiple Causes of Death Files of the US National Center for Health Statistics and the Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) for 1–14-year-olds from 1999 to 2018. We obtained mortality rates, Black:White mortality rate ratios (MRRs) and Annual Percent Change (APC). We tested for significance with 95% confidence intervals and joinpoint regression. Of 2,731 deaths from asthma, Blacks comprised 65.25% and 21.25% of the population. Black:White MRRs were 6.43 for 1–4, 7.54 for 5–9 and 6.88 for 10–14-year-olds of 6.88. The APC decline of −2.56 (p < 0.05) was significant among Whites but not Blacks. MRRs increased significantly from 4.23 in 2000 to16.57 in 2015 and declined to 6.69 in 2018. Among Black boys and girls, mortality rates were highest in Large Central Metropolitan areas. For Whites, rates were similar by urbanization in girls but were highest in Non-core, Non-metropolitan rural areas in boys. These descriptive data demonstrate statistically significant racial inequities in mortality from pediatric asthma in the US. They generate hypotheses, including, but not limited to, those related to under-resourced families and communities as well as economic and social marginalization. These and other plausible hypotheses require direct testing in analytic epidemiologic studies designed a priori to do so. In the meanwhile, efforts are necessary to strengthen community-driven initiatives and focus attention on inequitable systems, hierarchies, social structure and institutional practices. These include multifactorial interventions for individual, environmental and societal risk factors and educational efforts toward health-care providers and their patients about structural racism; these may combat, at least in part, vulnerabilities in US children and youth and improve racial inequities overall and from pediatric asthma.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"344 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48064269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental multiple sclerosis: child-parent and child –peer attachment","authors":"Sofia Anassontzi, Anna L. Christopoulos, J. Tsiantis","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.2015032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.2015032","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The relationship between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in the parent and the psychological adjustment of the child has been a source of interest and concern in the literature, and in the current study the aim was to investigate the quality of attachment in the child’s relationship with parents as well as with peers. Studies have investigated a variety of dimensions such as developmental outcomes, behavioral problems and psychiatric symptomatology with interesting but conflicting results. The present study focused on children’s relationships with their parents and with peers in families where one parent had MS, compared to children with two healthy parents. This is a correlational and predictive quantitative study. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), which investigates parent-child and child-peer relationships, was the instrument of the study. The results of the study show that children from a family with a parent with MS report secure attachment with their parents but insecure attachment with their peers. Children from a family with healthy parents report secure attachment with their parents and with their peers. This study indicates that children from families with a parent with MS differ significantly from children with two healthy parents to their attachment with their peers, in all the three dimensions: trust, communication and feelings of alienation, as well as in the global score of attachment. The findings have significant implications both empirically and clinically for families where one parent has MS. Clinical interventions must pay significant attention to these relationships and how problems with peers might be related to other psychological difficulties of children with an MS ill parent.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"19 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42823117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyber-victimization among adolescents: its relationships with primary appraisal and coping strategies","authors":"Siah Poh Chua, Tee Xiang Yi, Grace Yap Chin Choo, Tan Chee Seng, Joanna Tan Tjin Ai, Low Sew Kim, Komathi Lokithasan","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.2008077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.2008077","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cyber-victimization is prevalent among adolescents, but not all cyber-victims experience the same level of negative impacts. The individual difference can be related to their adopted coping strategies. By using the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping as a framework, it is expected that cyber-victims would appraise the bullying differently; which leads them to adopt different coping strategies. Cyber-victims are more likely to adopt passive coping strategies when they experience bullying from known bullies that they have frequent contact with. On the other hand, when they perceive that they have no future contact with the bullies, cyber-victims are more likely to adopt active coping strategies. In this study, school counsellors selected eighteen cyber-victims to participate in an in-depth interview using the purposive sampling method. The textual data was then analysed with thematic analysis. The results showed that this study identified some types of cyberbullying and coping strategies that are not covered in existing measurements; while participants are more likely to use passive strategies to cope with cyberbullying. More importantly, the findings revealed probable associations between known and unknown bullies and the use of active or passive coping strategies. The findings of this study indicate the importance of exploring the associations between primary and secondary appraisals as their relationships are seldom examined in cyber-victimization studies.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"334 - 343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48118236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}