Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies最新文献

{"title":"Poor self-regulation in eating behaviour during the COVID-19 lockdown contributes to weight gain among young adults in Malaysia","authors":"S. Tan, S. Tan, Chin Xuan Tan","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2059127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2059127","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study aims to investigate physical activity, self-regulation in eating behaviour, and their associations with body weight trajectory during the COVID-19 nationwide lockdown (Movement Control Order, MCO) in Malaysia. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to assess physical activity and sitting time during the MCO. Self-regulation in eating behaviour was evaluated with the Self-Regulation of Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (SREBQ), while weight trajectory was self-reported by the respondents. Of the 200 young adults, 82.0% were reported to be physically active during the MCO, with a weekly physical activity intensity of 4551.16 ± 4744.89 MET-minute. Young adults in this study spent 8.63 ± 4.47 hours/day on sedentary activities during the MCO. It is also noted that the majority (71.0%) had medium self-regulation in eating behaviour during the lockdown, with a mean score of 3.08 ± 0.49. Slightly more than half of the young adults (57.0%) gained weight since the MCO enforcement, with an average weight increment of 1.28 ± 0.60 kg. Findings from the multinomial logistic regression suggested that self-regulation in eating behaviour was a significant predictor for weight trajectory during the MCO. Young adults who attained a higher score in SREBQ were more likely in sustained weight (AOR = 2.514, p = 0.024, CI: 1.129–5.597) and weight loss (AOR = 2.624, p = 0.011, CI: 1.250–5.507) categories. In conclusion, poor response to food cues (poor self-regulation in eating behaviour), but not physical inactivity, led to weight gain during the MCO in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"210 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45358981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violence against homeless gay and transgender youth in Pakistan – a short report","authors":"M. N. Noor","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2058135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2058135","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Violence against youth with diverse sexual and gender identities is an understudied area in Pakistan. This article explores how homeless gay and transgener youth (HGTY) experience multiple forms of violence and how social structural conditions produce contexts for violence against them. This study is based on qualitative interviews with fourteen HGTY, aged 16–25 years old. The interviews suggest that participants experienced multiple forms of violence simultaneously. Social structures like religion, ethnicity, and politics shaped broader cultural intolerance for sexual and/or gender diversity. Not being able to conform to social norms of gender and sexuality not only contributed to violence against participants but shaped their trajectories into homelessness and sex work. The ‘new’ identities of being homeless and being sex workers intersected with their gay and, trans identities, exacerbating their vulnerability. The findings indicate that there is an urgent need for law supportive of sexuality and gender diverse youth to mitigate experiences of violence.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"159 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44351549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Other people’s children and the critical role of the social service workforce","authors":"C. Desmond, Kathryn Watt, M. Tomlinson, John Williamson, L. Sherr, M. Sullivan, L. Cluver","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2040762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2040762","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding the needs of your child is complicated. Understanding the varied needs of a population of children with whom you have no direct contact is the near impossible challenge policy makers, government planners and donors face when making policy or selecting interventions to fund and implement. They cannot unpack children’s individual needs and so must predict what is most important for a given population and which services to prioritise. This can be simplified by assuming that the needs of other people’s children are hierarchical: basic needs, such as food and shelter, must be met before considering higher-order needs. This conceptualisation justifies a focus on basic needs and decision makers can ignore higher-order needs and the complex interventions they may require, because both are assumed to be of secondary importance. Assuming a hierarchy of needs is a mistake. By drawing on examples from the literature, we outline how children, our own and other people’s, have non-hierarchical needs and thus caring for them is a balancing act, best done by those close to them. This conceptualisation highlights the importance of supporting families to support children. For a subset of families who are struggling, additional family strengthening interventions may be needed. In the relatively rare cases that such interventions are insufficient as family function is severely compromised, more intensive interventions may be necessary, but must be undertaken with great care and skill. Social services are critical because they have the potential to facilitate the intensive interventions when they are required, and while they are not required by all, for some of the most vulnerable children they are essential. The quality standards of such a service will be key in meeting the needs of other people’s children.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"5 3","pages":"97 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41264676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tablet vs. Book learning: association with memory, attention, and learning abilities among lebanese children","authors":"Jessika Tawil, C. Haddad, Youssef Farchakh, H. Sacre, Rita Nabout, S. Obeid, P. Salameh, S. Hallit","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2042447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2042447","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Lebanon, the methods of teaching employed are mostly conventional. Teachers spend a lot of time giving lessons and homework to students, as well as reading assignments and correcting exercises completed in class. Students usually play a passive role in the education process; they listen calmly, occasionally question what is presented, and copy texts and information dictated by the teacher. Textbooks are the major source of instruction, yet many Lebanese schools have partially introduced electronic devices, and have discreetly started to rely on them. Given the reported discrepancies between textbooks and tablets learning, it was essential to conduct a Lebanese study that compares both entities. To assess the influence of textbooks and tablets on cognition and attention, it was also necessary to consider the schooling age that is critical for understanding the human brain and cognition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the association between of tablet vs. book learning on memory, attention, and learning abilities among Lebanese children. This cross-sectional study, conducted between January-May 2019, enrolled 566 students aged of 11–13 years. Two schools were chosen conveniently for this study, one of them uses the Tablet and text books for students’ learning whereas the second one uses text books exclusively. Students were randomly chosen from the list given by the school administration. Textbook learning was significantly associated with better episodic and visual memory, better attention, processing speed and mathematic skills compared to tablets and textbook learning. Learning is evolving to another level and forever changing. Many studies should be conducted in order to understand the importance of merging new and old techniques to ensure that the next generations are receiving what can positively affect their cognitive skills and their performance.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"393 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43645716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge levels regarding sexually transmitted diseases among individuals with visual impairment: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Hatice Güdül Öz, H. Yangın, Arzu Akpinar","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2038400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2038400","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to discover characteristics of individuals with visually impairment (VI) that are associated with lower knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), in Turkey. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected online from 110 individuals with VI. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Knowledge regarding STDs varies significantly with gender, marital status, and education status (p < .05). The study provides evidence to indicate that participants have an inadequate of information the mode of transmission, prevention, and various types of STDs. The results call for intensified STD-related education and awareness creation for individuals with VI.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"382 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45703988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral problems and its associated factors among siblings of children with developmental disabilities: analytical cross-sectional study","authors":"Apsara Ali Nathwani, M. Lakhdir, S. Azam, A. Siddiqui","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.2023788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.2023788","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The typically developing siblings of children with disabilities are vulnerable to behavioral problems as they grow up in an environment of considerable stress. Yet, the needs and behavior problems of these siblings are often neglected especially in Pakistan. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the behavior problems among siblings of children with developmental disabilities. The strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) was administered on 250 siblings (aged 6–17 years) of children with a developmental disability (Autism, Intellectual disability (ID), Down Syndrome (DS), and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)) attending special education institutions in Karachi, Pakistan. Multiple linear regression was applied to assess the relationship between SDQ scores and other demographic, parental, and disability-related factors. Adjusted beta coefficients were reported along with a 95% confidence interval. The average SDQ score was found to be 14 ± 6 among the siblings of children with developmental disabilities. Multivariable analysis showed that the estimated mean SDQ score was almost twice among siblings of children with ADHD (95% CI: 0.73–3.48) and ID (95% CI: 0.64–3.16) than siblings of children with Down syndrome. Also, the mean SDQ score was 8 units higher among siblings of children with a severe developmental disability compared to mild disability (95% CI: 6.79–9.47). The findings of the current study emphasize the need for appropriate mental health services, using a family-focused approach from therapeutic and counseling platforms to the siblings, parents, and disabled brother/sister for early identification and management of behavior issues. Abbreviations: ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder; AKU: Aga Khan University; β: Beta Coefficient (Slope); βo: Intercept; CHS: Community Health Sciences; DS: Down syndrom; ERC: Ethical Review Committee; ID: Intellectual Disability; MLR: Multiple Linear Regression; SDQ: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SES: Socioeconomic Status; TD: Typically Developing","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"180 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48724887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationships between resilience, care environment, and social-psychological factors in orphaned and separated adolescents in western Kenya.","authors":"Sarah C Sutherland,&nbsp;Harry S Shannon,&nbsp;David Ayuku,&nbsp;David L Streiner,&nbsp;Olli Saarela,&nbsp;Lukoye Atwoli,&nbsp;Paula Braitstein","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2067381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2067381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationships between care environment, resilience, and social factors in orphaned and separated adolescents and youths (OSAY) in western Kenya are complex and under-studied. This study examines these relationships through the analysis of survey responses from OSAY living in Charitable Children's Institutes (CCI) and family-based care settings (FBS) in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The associations between 1) care environment and resilience (measured using the 14-item Resilience Scale); 2) care environment and factors thought to promote resilience (e.g. social, family, and peer support); and 3) resilience and these same resilience-promoting factors, were examined using multivariable linear and logistic regressions. This cross-sectional study included 1202 OSAY (50.4% female) aged 10-26 (mean=16; SD=3.5). The mean resilience score in CCIs was 71 (95%CI=69-73) vs. 64 (95%CI=62-66) in FBS. OSAY in CCIs had higher resilience (β=7.67; 95%CI=5.26-10.09), social support (β=0.26; 95%CI=0.14-0.37), and peer support (β=0.90; 95%CI=0.64-1.17) than those in FBS. OSAY in CCIs were more likely to volunteer than those in FBS (OR=3.72; 95%CI=1.80-7.68), except in the male subgroup. Family (β=0.42; 95%CI=0.24-0.60), social (β=4.19; 95%CI=2.53-5.85), and peer (β=2.13; 95%CI=1.44-2.83) relationships were positively associated with resilience in all analyses. Volunteering was positively associated with resilience (β=5.85; 95%CI=1.51-10.19). The factor most strongly related to resilience in both fully adjusted models was peer support. This study found a strong relationship between care environment and resilience. Care environment and resilience each independently demonstrated strong relationships with peer support, social support, and participating in volunteer activities. Resilience also had a strong relationship with familial support. These data suggest that resilience can be developed through strategic supports to this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 2","pages":"165-179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9302592/pdf/nihms-1804052.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9361468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Self-Efficacy in HIV treatment Adherence and its interaction with psychosocial factors among HIV Positive Adolescents in Transition to Adult Care in Kenya.","authors":"Nyawira Gitahi-Kamau,&nbsp;Samuel Wahome,&nbsp;Peter Memiah,&nbsp;Elizabeth A Bukusi","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.1954736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.1954736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescents and young adults (15-24 yrs.) have poorer HIV clinical outcomes than adults. Despite this, there is minimal data on individual-level factors such as self-efficacy towards antiretroviral adherence among perinatally infected adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Our study examined the interaction between antiretroviral treatment adherence self-efficacy and other psychosocial factors among adolescents receiving care in Nairobi, Kenya. We enrolled perinatally infected Adolescent Living with HIV (ALWHIV) 16-19 yrs. who were accessing care routinely at the HIV clinic. We measured self-reported ART adherence (7-day recall) and defined optimal adherence as >95%, and conducted a regression analysis to identify independently associated factors. Mediation analysis explored interactions between the psychosocial variables. We enrolled 82 ALWHIV median age 17 (IQR 16,18) who had been on ART for a median age of 11 yrs. (IQR 7,13). Sixty-four per cent (52) of the ALWHIV reported optimal adherence of >95%, and 15% reported missing doses for three or more months. After controlling for the other covariates, self-esteem, high viral load and an adherence level > 95% were significantly associated with adherence self-efficacy. Self-esteem was significantly associated with adherence self-efficacy and social support (p<0.001 and p=0.001), respectively. The paramed test indicated that the association between self-efficacy and adherence was mediated by self-esteem with a total effect of OR 6.93 (bootstrap 95% CI 1.99-24.14). Adherence self-efficacy was also mediated by self-esteem in developing adherence behavior. Interventions focused on increasing adherence among ALWHIV should include self-esteem building components.</p>","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 4","pages":"308-319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9698266/pdf/nihms-1733879.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10458395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual debut and risk behaviors among orphaned and vulnerable children in Zambia: which protective deficits shape HIV risk?","authors":"Joseph G Rosen,&nbsp;Nkomba Kayeyi,&nbsp;Mwelwa Chibuye,&nbsp;Lyson Phiri,&nbsp;Edith S Namukonda,&nbsp;Michael T Mbizvo","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.1975858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.1975858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC) are not only affected by, but also rendered at-risk of, HIV due to overlapping deficits in protective assets, from school to household financial security. Drawing from a protective deficit framework, this study examines correlates of sexual risk - including multiple sexual partnerships, unprotected sex, and age at sexual debut - among OVC aged 13-17 years in Zambia. In May-October 2016, a two-stage stratified random sampling design was used to recruit OVC and their adult caregivers (N = 2,034) in four provinces. OVC-caregiver dyads completed a structured interview addressing household characteristics, protective assets (i.e. finances, schooling, and nutrition), and general health and wellbeing. Associations of factors derived from the multi-component protective deficits framework were examined using multivariable ordered logistic regression, comparing sexually inexperienced OVC to those with a sexual debut and reporting ≥1 sexual behavior(s). A sub-analysis of older (ages 15-17) OVC identified correlates of early (before age 15) and later (at or after age 15) sexual debut using multinomial logistic regression. Among 735 OVC aged 13-17, 14% reported a sexual debut, among whom 14% and 22% reported 2+ past-year partners and non-condom last sex, respectively. Older age (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 2.08, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.32-3.27), male sex (aOR = 1.90, CI 1.22-2.96), not having a birth certificate (aOR = 2.05, CI 1.03-4.09), out-of-school status (aOR = 2.63, CI 1.66-4.16), and non-household labor (aOR = 1.84, CI 1.01-3.38) were significantly associated with higher sexual risk. Male sex was the only factor significantly associated with early sexual debut in multivariable analysis. Sexual risk-reduction strategies require age- and sex-specific differentiation and should be prioritized for OVC in financially distressed households.</p>","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":" ","pages":"130-146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2f/bd/nihms-1791690.PMC9496638.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33498440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronavirus stress and adolescents’ internalizing problems: exploring the effect of optimism and pessimism","authors":"Faramarz Asanjarani, Gökmen Arslan, H. Alqashan, P. Sadeghi","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2021.2020386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.2020386","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Coronavirus and its stress can have a significant impact on an individual’s psychological and physical well-being. Studies show that children and adolescents are among the most vulnerable groups as they lack adaptive coping strategies. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the mediating effect of optimism and pessimism on the association between coronavirus stress and youth internalizing problems among Iranian adolescents. The sample of this study included 408 students (42.4% female) recruited through cluster sampling. Participants were administered Corona Stress Measure (CSM), Optimism-Pessimism Measure (OPM), and Youth Internalizing Behavior Screener (YIBS). Results from the analyses showed that coronavirus stress was a significant and positive predictor of internalizing problems and pessimism, as well as a negative predictor of optimism. Additionally, the results showed that optimism and pessimism mediated the effect of coronavirus related stress on youth internalizing symptoms. Coronavirus stress significantly predicted internalizing problems through optimism and pessimism among young Iranian people. Given the importance of understanding the relationship between Coronavirus stress and internalizing problems through the mediating role of optimism-pessimism, this study provides the foundation for understanding internalizing behaviors in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"281 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46647555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}