Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies最新文献

{"title":"‘Investigation of the relationship between smartphone addiction and social loneliness in high school students’","authors":"S. Aslan","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2079788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2079788","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the relationship between smartphone addiction and social and emotional loneliness in high school students. It was planned to be descriptive and cross-sectional. This study was conducted between November and December 2019. ‘Student Identification Form’, ‘Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Form’ and Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale were used to collect data in the study. In the statistical analysis of the data, number, percentage values, independent samples t-test, ANOVA, correlation and regression were used. A statistically significant difference was found between school type, income status, daily internet usage time, the state of having a computer and smartphone, and smartphone addiction scale mean scores (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between smartphone usage and social and emotional loneliness (r = 0.216, p = 0.001). Daily internet usage, smartphone usage time, and social media engagement predicted smartphone addiction by 36% (R2 = 0.36, p < 0.001). A significant relationship was found between smartphone addiction and loneliness in high school students.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"113 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45591442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needs in an era of COVID-19: a preliminary investigation of self-reported needs of families who experienced rapid return as a result of government mandates","authors":"N. Wilke, A. H. Howard, Ian Forber -Pratt","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2081393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2081393","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has led some governments to mandate the rapid return of children in residential care to families. Constrained timelines and limited support lead to wellbeing risks for children and families in this situation. The goal of the present study was to better stand the needs of the families, as perceived by the children and families themselves. This can inform targeted service provision. Participants were 131 families who had experienced government-mandated rapid return in five nations. Using a qualitative design, results examined child and family perception of needs. Data revealed that children and families experiencing rapid return experienced several immediate needs. Four themes emerged: 1) basic needs, 2) security needs, 3) relational needs, and 4) educational needs. Based on the findings, four recommendations were made for service providers working with vulnerable children and families experiencing government-mandated rapid return.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"406 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48013650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autistic children in the care of single mothers: opportunities and barriers to safeguarding the welfare of special needs children","authors":"C. R. Mbamba, P. A. Yeboaa, I. K. Ndemole","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2080895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2080895","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Single mothers caring for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) go through emotional and financial hardships in Ghana due to discrimination, social isolation, stigmatization and financial strains. This inhibits their efforts to efficiently care for, and safeguard the welfare of the autistic children. Therefore, this qualitative study, through in-depth interviews with 15 single mothers caring for ASD children in Ghana, presents findings on the opportunities available to enhancing autistic childrens’ welfare as well as the barriers which make the welfare and well-being enhancement difficult. The study discovered that while kinship support constitutes a huge part of the support for promoting the welfare of autistic children and their single mothers, kin and kith also neglect them. Also, the study revealed that the existence and availability of autism support centers are a great resource that contribute to safeguarding the welfare of ASD children and their single mothers. However, in Ghana, such centers are limited, making it difficult for single mothers to effectively fend for their children. Therefore, the study recommends the need for a strong collaboration between the ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP) and the Ministry of Health to expand the capacities of existing special schools and create new ones in regions without them. The study also recommends that particular attention be given to single mothers under the Livelihood Empowerment against Poverty Program (LEAP) for which families with children suffering impairments are eligible.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"46 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46556146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the psychometric quality of screening tools for the well-being of children and caregivers in alternative care-settings: a multi-informant study with families in Tanzania","authors":"Tobias Hecker, Getrude Mkinga, Katharina Hach, Ronald Ssentuuwa, Maregesi Machumu, N. P. Rygaard, Lene Godiksen, Florian Scharpf","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2075068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2075068","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Given the lack of validated screening tools for the well-being of children and caregivers in family-based care in low-income settings, the present study aimed to test the psychometric quality of two newly developed tools: Scorecard A as a screener for children’s emotional and behavioral problems and Scorecard B as a screener for caregivers’ well-being and resources. The study was conducted within the framework of an ongoing caregiver training program in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and included a sample of 124 caregivers and 99 children (57 girls, M age = 9.30, SD = 4.65, range 3–17) divided in three equally sized age groups of preschool (3 to 5 years), primary school (6 to 12 years) and secondary school age (13 to 17 years). Caregivers reported on children’s emotional and behavioral problems using Scorecard A and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) administered as a structured interview. A sub-sample (n = 78) of caregivers participated in another structured interview on various aspects of their well-being and caregiving resources, based on which interviewers rated Scorecard B. Additionally, caregivers completed Scorecard B and measures of their well-being and resources administered as self-report questionnaires. All assessments were conducted twice with an interval of 1 week. Scorecard A showed good internal consistency and test-retest-reliability across age groups and significant associations with the SDQ total score and subscales indicate convergent validity, particularly among preschool-aged children. The internal consistency of Scorecard B was acceptable in the questionnaire and good in the interviewer rating, while re-test-reliability in both modes and inter-rater reliability between interviewer and caregiver rating were moderate. Associations with established measures of well-being and resources provided evidence for convergent validity of Scorecard B. The Scorecards hold promise as brief screening tools to identify children and caregivers with difficulties and evaluate intervention programs in low-resource contexts.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47789163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"South African child report of caregiver attunement as a mechanism to decrease engagement in risky sexual situations and depression","authors":"Tyrone M. Parchment, Latoya A. Small","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2075066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2075066","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research regarding South African caregivers’ protective parenting behaviors that can improve youth well-being in early adolescence is limited. Therefore, this study explored the affective and protective aspects of adult caregiving that influence mental health and possible engagement in sexual situations among Black South African early adolescents. Structural Equation Modeling was employed using baseline data from 577 youth to examine caregiver communication’s mediating effect on the relationship between child-report of caregiver attunement, child depressive symptoms, and possible engagement in sexual situations. The findings suggested that Black South African caregivers can provide a protective role in reducing the risk of engagement in sexual situations while improving child mental health. Therefore, caregiver communication and attunement are vital mechanisms that build family resilience and child well-being.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"100 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45291314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building resilience in survivors of sexual exploitation: the role of children in activities implemented by NGOs in Uganda","authors":"R. Kasirye, P. Bukuluki, E. Walakira","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2072989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2072989","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Children are increasingly affected by sexual exploitation (SEC), and the subsequent hardships arising out threaten their lives. Resilience is the process of adapting well in the face of trauma or other significant sources of stress. Past literature discusses various child participatory methods but has not explored the voices and role of children as agents of change among their peers to yield adaptation and resilience. The study aimed to examine the role children play in their successful recovery and that of other child survivors. This study adopted descriptive research design, using qualitative methods to collect data from NGO staff and child survivors. NGOs adopted different levels of survivor participation from various NGO rehabilitation centres. There was evidence of survivors’ involvement and strength. Survivors’ participation as a complementary strategy in building resilience among survivors should be promoted by NGOs. Staff need to be trained to work with survivors to improve resilience of survivors of SEC.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"376 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41799612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence and impact of primary headaches in orphaned children: a cross-sectional, observational study in a boarding school","authors":"Aslı Şentürk, Yasin Abanoz, Y. Abanoz, Öykü Şentürk, S. Saip","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2073416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2073416","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The relationship between headache and stressful life events experienced in childhood has been found mostly associated with recurrent primary headaches and headache chronicity. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, daily life impact of migraine and tension-type headache in orphaned children with low income in a boarding school. Four hundred and fifteen permanent boarders aged 12–17 years were evaluated using the Structured Headache Questionnaire, the Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (PedMIDAS), the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Prevalence of primary headache was 59.8%; 24.1% for migraine; 35.7% for tension-type headache; 4.1% for chronic migraine; and 2.4% for chronic tension-type headache. Prevalence of probable diagnoses was found to be higher in early ages; however, definite diagnoses became more common with age. Sex distribution was affected by age in migraineurs. The most distinctive features separating migraine were high frequency, pain severity, throbbing/pounding nature, photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, vomiting, and aggravated by physical activity. Prodromal symptoms and triggering factors were more closely associated with migraine. Sleep was the most common method to relieve of headache, taking medicines was preferred more commonly in migraineurs with a higher mean number of analgesics. Mean VAS, PedMIDAS, and total difficulty scores were higher in migraineurs, emotional problems were found increased in migraine. Headache is underestimated in pediatric population when probable diagnoses are not evaluated. The prevalence of primary headaches and the risk of chronic headaches are high in orphaned students, especially in older adolescent girls, and the effect of headache on daily life is evident.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"30 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43530071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The determinants of mindful parenting in adolescence: a scoping review","authors":"F. Hidayati, Nurul Hartini","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2073417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2073417","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The body of evidence on mindful parenting has grown significantly over time, and this scoping review aims to examine the present literature that focuses on the determinants of mindful parenting among parents of adolescents. Seven databases were searched, as well as the reference lists of included studies. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were mapped using the scoping review approach. The existing studies show that there are three determinants of mindful parenting, which are parent characteristics, adolescent characteristics, and contextual characteristics. This scoping review underlines the need for more specifically tailored interventions for parents and adolescents that focuses on their modalities and interaction. Implications for developing countries are also discussed in this study.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"351 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45353223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving policy environments for infants and young children: global status of multisectoral national policies for early childhood development","authors":"E. Vargas-Barón, K. Diehl, J. Small","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2067382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2067382","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Multisectoral national policies for early childhood development (ECD) have been developed since 1979, yet until now the number of countries adopting them has not been systematically documented. Numerous global declarations, including Education for All and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), have supported ECD policy planning. Selection and search criteria were established and applied to identify and classify multisectoral ECD policy documents. A descriptive study was conducted to assess historical trends in policy adoption, regional coverage, income levels, governance categories, and crisis countries. Policies were first developed in Colombia, and later in Namibia, South Africa, Mauritius and Maldives. By December 2019, 76 countries (39% of 197 countries worldwide) and one territory had adopted 125 multisectoral ECD policy instruments. Of them, 51% were policies; 37% strategies and/or action plans; 11% laws; and 7% regulatory documents. By 2010, 43 countries had adopted an ECD policy instrument, peaking in 2011 when 14 countries adopted policies. From 2012 to 2019, 29 countries adopted a policy. South Asia (88%), Latin America and the Caribbean (65%), and Sub-Saharan Africa (58%) lead policy development. Policies have been adopted by 53% of low-income countries and 55% of lower middle-income countries. Fewer upper middle-income countries (38%) and high-income countries (14%) have adopted an ECD policy. Previous research found that countries using participatory policy planning processes resulted in well-implemented ECD policies. The presence of a multisectoral ECD policy prepared in a participatory manner helps establish a strong enabling environment for expanding and improving ECD services. To attain SDG 4.2, additional lower- and middle-income countries, countries with emergencies, and authoritarian regimes should be prioritized for support. Finally, we recommend an indicator be established to identify the number of countries that have adopted ECD policies to help measure SDG 4.2. Key messages This study provides, for the first time, a criteria-based list of multisectoral national policies for early childhood development (ECD) in 76 countries (39% of 197 countries worldwide) and one territory and examines regional policy coverage and needs. Initial studies reveal the development, adoption, and implementation of multisectoral national ECD policies help expand ECD programs in countries. More technical assistance is needed to develop and implement ECD policies, especially in lower- and middle-income countries, including those with humanitarian emergencies and authoritarian regimes. A new SDG indicator for multisectoral national ECD policy development is recommended for future use. More research is required regarding policy impacts in relation to methods and processes of policy development, structures, key elements, and contents.","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"193 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42155475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How maternal age links to childhood mortality? A brief analysis from NFHS-4 (2015–2016), India","authors":"Salim Mandal, P. Chouhan","doi":"10.1080/17450128.2022.2058136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2022.2058136","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study aimed to estimate the relationship between childhood mortality and maternal age using bivariate association and logistic regression using the nationally representative data from India through NFHS-4 (2015–2016). The study reveals that the odds ratio of childhood mortality was comparatively higher among lower aged women (<20 years old) and aged women (30 years and more). The result depicted that childhood mortality was comparatively less among those women of 20–29 age groups and suggests raising maternal education to avoid child marriage and early marriage, not to plan a child at the upper age (>40 years old).","PeriodicalId":46101,"journal":{"name":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"368 - 375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46036317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}