Cold War History最新文献

{"title":"Teaching Anticommunism: Fred Schwarz and American postwar conservatism","authors":"Julianne Johnson","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2121357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2121357","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45018172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A twentieth-century crusade: the Vatican’s battle to remake Christian Europe","authors":"Sean Scanlon","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2116779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2116779","url":null,"abstract":"nomenon that has eroded some faithful away from the more established churches. Refreshingly, this section also has chapters on three important and yet often neglected subjects: the role of women in the church, ethnicity (and the way in which churches can be involved in resolving this major source of discord in many African countries), and— perhaps the most sensitive of the three—the Malawi churches’ united and forceful opposition to recognizing LGBTQ communities. The authors deserve much credit for highlighting this controversial issue. A notable absence in the book are two topics that deserve attention: the coexistence of Christianity and indigenous religious practices (which have survived nearly a century and a half of European cultural influence) and Islam (to which about 18 percent of Malawi’s population belongs). The old tension between Christian missionaries and Islam has persisted and has manifested itself clearly in the post-1994 era as wealthy Muslim countries have poured faith-based aid into Malawi, resulting in a rapid increase in the number of mosques and Islamic educational institutions, in proselytization, and in the general confidence of Muslims in Malawian national affairs. There is therefore justification for devoting some space to these issues even in a book that is specifically on church history. Despite these reservations, the publication of A Malawi Church History is very timely. This well-written book based on an extensive review of literature—most of which is published locally—is an indication of the advanced state of scholarship on religion in Malawi, and in this regard, it should guide researchers to possible topics for further exploration. Finally, this is the best university level textbook on Christianity in Malawi, and the authors and the ever-adventurous Mzuni Press have to be praised for this.","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47968944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inspectors for peace: a history of the International Atomic Energy Agency","authors":"Robin E. Möser","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2112010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2112010","url":null,"abstract":"War context of the midto late twentieth century. He asserts that Kissinger’s later claim that the Sino-US thaw drove and justified US policy towards Pakistan was a partial truth. In fact, until late April 1971, when the Pakistani backchannel produced a Chinese invitation for a US envoy visit, the US policy was ‘characterized by inertia’ (p. 87). Somewhat more surprisingly, however, Pilkington does not engage with arguments made by fellow scholars Bass or Raghavan (particularly about the United States’ role in the war), and neither book is barely even mentioned. This, unfortunately, limits the sense that the author has engaged with the existing scholarship, and potentially undermines some of his claims to originality. The final chapter, bringing together the strands established in the preceding three sections, examines comparisons and – more tantalisingly – interconnections between US, British, and Canadian policy towards Pakistan and South Asia. I would have liked to have seen some of these ideas developed further – this chapter is quite brief – as they seem to provide a particularly unique perspective on the conflict, with potential significance for thinking not only about Western engagement with South Asia, but also the complexities of interrelations within one bloc of the Cold War. This chapter opens potential avenues for further investigation and particularly brings to mind Lorenz Lüthi’s recent reinterpretation of the Cold War as a series of regional, sub-systemic, and often overlapping or interconnected Cold Wars. Pilkington’s study hints at several Cold Wars: not just one involving US grand strategy, but also another within South Asia (and its foreign relations), and even more prominently, potentially another within the Western bloc, where – as he shows – independent issues (not necessarily alliance politics) drove United States, Canadian and British political elites. The West and the Birth of Bangladesh is a careful, detailed study of US, Canadian and British foreign-policy making, demonstrating that self-interest, rather than a more universalist sense of morality, frequently drives (Western) state decision-making. This is not necessarily a history for readers looking to extend their understanding of the war in East Pakistan, the nature of the accompanying humanitarian crisis (and debates about whether the Pakistan army’s actions constituted a genocide), or how Bangladesh achieved its independence. Rather, it is better suited to historians interested in Western foreign policy who are willing to take a deep dive into one specific case study.","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":"23 1","pages":"469 - 472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43995489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Tunisian request: Saharan fallout, US assistance and the making of the International Atomic Energy Agency","authors":"A. Cooper","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2085252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2085252","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tunisia’s postcolonial leadership intervened in North African decolonisation and the Cold War arms race by monitoring fallout from French nuclear explosions in the Algerian Sahara. This article examines the international negotiations that facilitated Tunisian access to monitoring technology and Tunisian participation in nuclear weapons governance. When the International Atomic Energy Agency denied Tunisia’s request for technical assistance, Tunisian officials struck a deal with US diplomats, who cleared this arrangement with French counterparts. Radiation detection demonstrated the stakes of Tunisia’s intergovernmental relationships, enhanced Tunisia's leverage in nuclear-armed capitals, and revealed nuclear weapons' relevance to Tunisia's foreign policy.","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":"22 1","pages":"407 - 436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46518901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development through dispossession: coffee as mutual aid between Vietnam and East Germany","authors":"Christina Schwenkel","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2100356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2100356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48012700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘We have to tread warily’: East Pakistan, India and the pitfalls of foreign intervention in the Cold War","authors":"V. Prott","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2102607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2102607","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the East Pakistan crisis of 1971 as a watershed moment in Cold War humanitarian politics. It argues that the absence of an effective international framework of multilateral foreign intervention or peacekeeping forced the key external actors to resort to covert forms of intervention, while publicly pledging adherence to non-interference in the domestic affairs of Pakistan. The article demonstrates that covert intervention by India, the United States and the United Nations not only undermined the credibility of the Cold War international system, but also fuelled the drift to the Indo-Pakistani war that ultimately ended the crisis.","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":"23 1","pages":"23 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49580433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dragon in the Golden Triangle: military operations of the people’s liberation army in Northern Burma, 1960–1961","authors":"C. Ngeow","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2100355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2100355","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Towards the end of the Chinese Civil War, contingents of Chinese Nationalist Party/Kuomintang (KMT) soldiers escaped to an area of Burma that would later be known as the Golden Triangle. They expanded into a significant armed presence. Burma, the Republic of China, the People’s Republic of China, and the United States were subsequently embroiled in this decade-long KMT Issue. A joint Sino-Burmese military campaign between late 1960 and early 1961 finally ended the KMT Issue. This article, primarily based on PRC sources, reconstructs how the PRC understood, conceived, organised and evaluated this campaign.","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":"23 1","pages":"61 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42844931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Il ‘lodo Moro’: terrorismo e ragion di stato, 1969–1986 [The ‘lodo Moro’: terrorism and reason of state, 1969–1986]","authors":"John L. Harper","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2097589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2097589","url":null,"abstract":"Cold War Italy was a land of mysteries. There are still blind spots in our knowledge of the deadly bombings that were part of the right-wing ‘strategy of tension’ in the 1960s and 1970s. Commentators continue to debate aspects of the kidnapping and murder of Christian Democratic grandee Aldo Moro in 1978, and the reasons for the destruction of an Italian civil airliner with 81 people aboard near the island of Ustica in June 1980. Only recently have magistrates identified with some degree of certainty the mandanti – the behind-the-scenes sponsors – of the Bologna train station bombing that killed 85 in August 1980. In this absorbing multi-archival study, Valentine Lomellini seeks to resolve another persistent mystery in the history of Cold War Italy: as foreign minister in the 1970s, did Moro arrange a secret ‘lodo’ (a deal implying a pay-off of some kind) with the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and/or other Palestinian nationalist groups, to spare Italy from attacks? As she points out, Moro was a member of the progressive wing of the Christian Democratic Party (DC) which saw Italy as a bridge between the West and the developing world and looked sympathetically on Palestinian nationalism. Lomellini places the Italian attitude towards the sharp escalation of attacks in the early 1970s – accompanied by (and connected to) internecine conflict within the Palestinian resistance – in the broader European context. She examines European states’ deals to allow terrorists to depart to Gaddafi’s Libya, or other Arab destinations, in return for the release of hostages. An important case in point was the Austrian government’s September 1973 deal with terrorists who had taken control of a train carrying Soviet Jewish emigrants. Lomellini begins her careful reconstruction of Italian events the same month, detailing an operation conducted by SID (Servizio informazioni difesa, Italian military intelligence) and Mossad that led to the arrest of five men (a Lebanese, an Algerian, a Syrian, an Iraqi, and a Libyan) planning to use Soviet-made missiles to shoot down an Israeli plane departing from Rome’s Fiumicino airport. When the Black September organisation threatened Italy with severe consequences if the five were not released, the Italian government secretly requested Libyan intercession, extending the deadline. In October, Italian diplomats in Cairo met with an official PLO representative who offered a deal whereby Italy would be spared from attacks if it allowed the PLO to take custody of the five and try them. Although the evidence provided by Lomellini is incomplete and circumstantial, it is at this point that Moro and his colleagues appear to have made a key decision: to rely on Libya rather than the PLO. Despite its suspicions of Libyan complicity with the five (one of whom was a Libyan national) and its efforts to promote the fortunes of the moderate elements of Al Fatah within the PLO, the Italian government recognised that the PLO was unable to","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":"23 1","pages":"331 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46615662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resurgence of the Cold War state of mind: the debate on constitutional tolerance of socialism vis-à-vis the emerging left in Turkey (1967–1971)","authors":"Haydar Seçkin Çelik","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2100354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2100354","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Turkey witnessed the unprecedented awakening of leftist politics after acceptance of the 1961 Constitution. The Constitution’s provisions on subjects like freedom of thought and social and economic rights enabled the existence of leftist politics in the political arena and prepared the grounds for the policies they would advocate. However, since the US-Soviet rivalry polarised the Middle East, President Sunay’s 1967 statement indicating that the Constitution was closed to socialism, despite prominent jurists’ counterclaims, coupled with some high-ranking commanders’ anti-leftist outburst demonstrated a resurgence of the Cold War state of mind in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":"22 1","pages":"499 - 520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47434582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selling White Australia: the Asian visits fund and assimilation as a foundational concept in Australian Cold War public diplomacy","authors":"S. Brawley, Mathew Radcliffe","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2059072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2059072","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The ‘Asian Visits Fund’ was the Australian Government’s first Cold War people-to-people public diplomacy programme. Standing in the Fund’s way was Australia’s racially restrictive immigration programme. A central feature of the scheme, therefore, was to present a vision of a non-racial Australia through the new national ideology of Assimilation. The treatment of indigenous Australians was showcased as one way to highlight Assimilation and debunk broader claims of racism. Ultimately, however, the Asian Visits Fund was unable to alter the negative perception of Australia’s immigration policy. It was the last major initiative aimed at selling the unsellable ‘White Australia Policy’.","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":"23 1","pages":"103 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47984414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}