Cold War History最新文献

{"title":"Interior's Proper Place: response to Tyler Priest","authors":"Megan A. Black","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2123297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2123297","url":null,"abstract":"Tyler Priest has written extensively and convincingly on the history of global mineral flows and offshore oil operations. He has recently turned attention to my book, The Global Interior. In his review, Priest maintains that I greatly exaggerate the importance of the Interior Department to global mineral extraction, pointing to matters of proportion and evidence. Regarding the former, Priest brings attention to the multitude of operators involved in unearthing minerals, including those operators who do the most mining around the world. However, my thesis is not and never was that the Interior Department was the most important entity unearthing minerals around the world. I did and do uphold the importance of the department’s role in creating conditions favourable to mining across a vast array of thresholds, including Indigenous lands, formal territories, foreign nations, the oceans and outer space. Attention to such activities helps unravel the myth of US exceptionalism through its foundational contradictions: the department overtly declared a narrow profile yet aided in the projection of US power in ‘exterior’ places (p. 4) – a story he concedes ‘may be worth telling’. While I ask a fundamentally different set of questions than those raised by Priest in his review, I am happy to clarify my thinking within the parameters he sets regarding mineral flows. Our specific vantage point on power is what is centrally at stake in the disagreement. Priest sees my attention to figures from the Interior Department as misguided. The problem for him is one of proportion. For Priest, their role was marginal. The real procurement story centred around more important players: businessmen, financial intermediaries and firms. Their importance resides in the money they marshalled, whether by government allocation or financial will, and in a status of ‘shaping policy’ through powerful institutions, including resource advisory boards, the military and the State Department. Priest’s own work on the important Brazilian steel industry examines such features of the machinery of procurement. Through much of his review, he drills down into the case of Brazilian manganese, crucially important in the Second World War. Taking other core samples featured in my book, including iron in Liberia, we see Interior players with important, even catalytic roles. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Lansdell K. Christie, a New York businessman and an ‘old friend’ of Liberian president William Tubman, helped the third largest steel company in the United States, Republic Steel, acquire a Liberian iron mining concession that yielded 1,250,000 tons of ore annually by 1953. What guided Christie to the region was a report by Thomas P. Thayer, a member of the Interior Department’s US Geological Survey. An","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":"22 1","pages":"539 - 543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59990231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding Nguyen Van Thieu: the value of multinational, multi-archival research","authors":"David Prentice","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2124895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2124895","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":"22 1","pages":"529 - 532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42446706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In search of Islamic legitimacy: the USSR, the Afghan communists and the Muslim world","authors":"Vassily Klimentov","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2103114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2103114","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the Afghan War, the Mujahideen claimed that the Afghan communists were atheists who were subservient to Moscow and did not have the legitimacy to rule Afghanistan. The war became a contest for legitimacy in Afghanistan and internationally. The Soviets and the Afghan communists portrayed communist Afghanistan as Islamic and therefore legitimate in the international arena. The Soviets elaborated an information campaign emphasising Islam and strengthened Afghanistan’s contacts with Muslim countries to show that the Afghan communists were Muslims too. They hoped international recognition would reduce Muslim countries’ support to the Mujahideen and improve the Afghan communists’ acceptance at home.","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":"23 1","pages":"283 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42246961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global interior: mineral frontiers and American power","authors":"Tyler Priest","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2021.2016469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2021.2016469","url":null,"abstract":"Megan Black’s The Global Interior reconsiders the United States’ rise to global dominance in the mid-twentieth century by emphasising how US officials ‘brought together Cold War strategy and economic globalization’ (p. 119) to promote US resource interests. Her study analyses the United States’ hunt for oil and strategic minerals – those vital to US civilian and defence industries but in short supply domestically – as a central feature of US economic expansion and geopolitical influence. This perspective is not new, but Black makes the original argument that the US Department of the Interior (DOI), the ‘innermost arm of the American state’ (p. 17), was the agent that ‘spearheaded’ the development of overseas extraction and the commitment of the United States to ‘resources globalism’ (p. 127). The Global Interior posits that US overseas expansion in the mid-twentieth century was less a product of the East Bloc-West Bloc conflict than a continuation of earlier continental expansion and settler colonialism, which, as historians have long established, was also shaped by Interior. The overarching thesis is that Interior used cooperation rather than coercion – mainly through apolitical forms of technical assistance and resource surveys – to incorporate the oil and mineral frontiers of the world into a US hinterland. Interior’s foreign activities thus ‘wrested domestic meaning from foreign space’ (p. 5) and perpetuated the myth that the United States was not an imperial nation. As the winner of several book awards, The Global Interior is likely to influence a generation of historians who study US Cold War strategy and US multinational trade and investment. The research and analysis that inform its claims about the DOI’s global ambitions thus warrant close examination. Black writes,","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":"22 1","pages":"533 - 538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49645513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diasporic Cold Warriors: Nationalist China, Anticommunism, and the Philippine Chinese, 1930s–1970s","authors":"B. Williams","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2121360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2121360","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46450519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Une armée de diplomates: Les militaires américains et la France, 1944–1967","authors":"Lori Maguire","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2101975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2101975","url":null,"abstract":"In this book, François Doppler-Speranza has written a detailed and fascinating account of the situation in which the US military found itself after the Second World War because of the large number of troops it had stationed on the territory of its ally, France. Considered of vital strategic importance to the United States, Paris contained the headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), increasing its value to Washington. However, political activists in France were far from content with the large-scale US presence in their country – especially, members of the French Communist Party with its determined anti-Americanism – but the Gaullists were similarly distressed. Meanwhile, many ordinary French people, with memories of the German occupation still fresh, also found the US military bases disturbing. Unsurprisingly, this situation led to tensions and cultural clashes between the Americans and the French at the local, national and international levels. Given the importance of France to the United States, the Pentagon sought to smooth relations between the French population and the US soldiers, and so the US military developed its own strategy of public diplomacy. This book studies the paradox the author describes on the very first page of the introduction: ‘soldiers make war but, at the same time, they represent America abroad’ (p. 1). Trained as a fighting force, the US military found itself exercising essentially diplomatic functions towards a major ally. This situation was further complicated by the fact that the United States already had a bureau charged with diplomacy, the US State Department, whose leadership resented seeing a number of their functions taken over by the Defence Department. This led to rivalries, conflicts and turf wars between the two offices over the conduct of US foreign policy, notably public diplomacy. François Doppler-Speranza does an excellent job describing this complicated tapestry of international and intragovernmental tensions and detailing the Pentagon’s response to them. The book begins in 1944 when the French population largely welcomed US troops during the Liberation and examines the countries’ – often rocky – relations over the following years, notably after the creation of NATO (whose headquarters were in Paris from 1952-67). During this postwar period, large numbers of GIs took up long-term residence in France, reminding many French people of the trauma of the German occupation during the Second World War. These US military bases were often established far from major cities and cultural centres, and thus from the traditional diplomatic apparatus. Realising the tensions with local French people and seeking to ease the way for the US soldiers, the US Defence Department embarked on a large programme of public diplomacy. The author studies the cultural image that Washington sought to project in France and examines how it was received by the French population during this short but key period in re","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":"22 1","pages":"545 - 546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49426894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The West and the birth of Bangladesh: foreign policy in the face of mass atrocity","authors":"Elisabeth Leake","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2109289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2109289","url":null,"abstract":"institutionalisation of the region as the Alps-Adriatic Working Community in 1982 was a successful implementation of the Helsinki Accords, and what the author calls ‘détente from below’ (p. 202). Petar Dragišić’s analysis of Yugoslavia’s relations with the Vatican shows that while most of the Western world was willing to cooperate with Tito after 1948, the Holy See remained an outlier, primarily due to Pope Pius XII’s ardent anticommunism. Pius’ successors, however, were invested in dialogue with socialist states, facilitating better relations and eventually leading to the Vatican accepting a non-political role in Yugoslavia and the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1970, despite resistance from domestic Church representatives. Yugoslavia’s European turn during the 1970s is best exemplified by its relations with the EEC. Branislav Radeljić argues that although Yugoslavia was eager to maintain good relations with individual EEC member-states, it struggled to find common ground with the organisation as a whole. Balancing between its socialist status and reaping the rewards of closer ties with the EEC proved difficult, leading Belgrade to consider abandoning the rapprochement with Brussels. However, the EEC feared a possible crisis following Tito’s death, pushing Brussels to accept Yugoslavia’s political system and offer it a favourable cooperation agreement – including easier access to loans. This agreement helped to stabilise the Yugoslav government in the aftermath of Tito’s passing. Benedetto Zacharia’s chapter on Yugoslav prime minister Ante Marković’s economic reforms in 1989–90 demonstrates how the European Community (EC) became increasingly involved in aiding the Yugoslav government following Tito’s death. As a key element of his reforms, Marković pursued closer ties with the EC, but despite active engagement from both sides, he failed to devise a timely and viable strategy for his reforms, contributing to Yugoslavia’s eventual disintegration. Meanwhile, the EC’s role transformed from that of an economic partner to one of mediator. While one might have expected more focus on Yugoslavia’s relations with the Global South, this volume is nevertheless a strong contribution to the concept of a Global Cold War. It demonstrates that Yugoslavia’s foreign policy had a global influence, but that it also shaped regional relations with its neighbours and Central Europe and Balkan security, creating unlikely connections across local geopolitical divides. Breaking Down Bipolarity reinforces the argument that, despite ideological foundations, Yugoslav foreign policy was often driven by pragmatism. As such, this volume will be a valuable resource for students and historians studying Yugoslavia and the broader politics of non-alignment during the Cold War.","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":"23 1","pages":"467 - 469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44680741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political fallout: nuclear weapons testing and the making of a global environmental crisis","authors":"Richard M. Filipink","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2113010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2113010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46024548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A través del Telón de Acero: Historia de las relaciones políticas entre España y la RDA (1973–1990)","authors":"Marina Pérez de Arcos","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2121359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2121359","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42774231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking down bipolarity: Yugoslavia’s foreign relations during the Cold War","authors":"Alan Maričić","doi":"10.1080/14682745.2022.2104444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2022.2104444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46099,"journal":{"name":"Cold War History","volume":"23 1","pages":"465 - 467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47916285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}