European Review最新文献_第8页

Statues in the French Caribbean and the Iconoclastic Assault 法属加勒比海的雕像和反传统的攻击

IF 0.4 4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1062798722000436

Kathleen M. Gyssels

{"title":"Statues in the French Caribbean and the Iconoclastic Assault","authors":"Kathleen M. Gyssels","doi":"10.1017/S1062798722000436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798722000436","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to debates concerning slavery and slave museums, taking as inspiration historical novels and archives from the Schwarz-Bart Library in Goyave (Guadeloupe). I question, in particular, the passing over of black or mulatto female heroines, in sharp contrast with béké figures who, even if they have been temporarily(!) beheaded, remain the more famous icons in the collective mind of the French Caribbean and Caribbean population at large. I could indeed measure that Martinicans, in particular, are proud to have ‘given Napoléon’s wife’ and to have erected her beautiful body into white marble ‘posture’ at the Fort-de-France Savanah. My survey touches on the counter-example of ‘La mulâtresse Solitude’, a statue erected in Guadeloupe, but without any indication of its source: the best-selling novel La mulâtresse Solitude by André Schwarz-Bart. Why does Édouard Glissant’s project for a ‘Centre national pour la mémoire des esclavages et de leurs abolitions’ on no occasion mention Solitude as the only female heroine such a Centre national could and should have staged? What does this tell us about the gender bias that continues to wreak havoc to the West Indies in all fields? Solitude remains a central, pivotal poteau mitan in Caribbean iconography. In spite of recent successful innovations, there is still much to sort out before leaving the dominant tendency to ‘statufier sur son sort’ and to promote male heroes instead of female ones.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74660743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Carolingian Answer to the Iconoclastic War and the Birth of Western Art 加洛林王朝对反偶像战争的回应和西方艺术的诞生

IF 0.4 4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1062798722000308

F. Stella

{"title":"The Carolingian Answer to the Iconoclastic War and the Birth of Western Art","authors":"F. Stella","doi":"10.1017/S1062798722000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798722000308","url":null,"abstract":"After a long quarrel scattered with persecutions, uprisings, dismissals and replacements of religious authorities, deaths, military expeditions, confiscations and attempts of assassinations in Greece, Italy and other European areas, the Council of Nicaea, in 787, imposed the victory of the iconodules in the Byzantine Empire. The West, especially the Kingdom of the Franks and the Lombards ruled by Charles, later known as Charlemagne, tried to take an official position in the synod of Frankfurt in 794 and in an odd and complex treatise, comprising four books, entitled Opus Caroli, or Libri Carolini, which were recently attributed by Ann Freeman to Theodulf of Orleans, one of the greatest intellectuals of his time. In this work, which we could call the first western treatise on images, the icon is freed from its ritual and cult value, and returned to its artistic use, thus determining, according to some scholars, the larger freedom of figurative representation that characterizes western religious art as compared with the Orthodox one. This stance is followed by a lively debate, involving many authors, the materials of which have not yet been translated and put into full circulation in historical-artistic research.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86386402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Iconoclasm – A Geographical Viewpoint 圣像破坏-一个地理观点

IF 0.4 4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/S106279872200031X

G. Biger

引用次数: 0

Changing Cultural Landscapes: The Case of Post-German Territories in Poland 变化的文化景观:波兰后德国领土的案例

IF 0.4 4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1062798722000412

Wojciech Bedynski

引用次数: 0

Iconoclasm – A Road to Modernization? 打破传统——一条现代化之路?

IF 0.4 4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1062798722000424

S. Bagge

{"title":"Iconoclasm – A Road to Modernization?","authors":"S. Bagge","doi":"10.1017/S1062798722000424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798722000424","url":null,"abstract":"My point of departure is a conflict over images in the churches in Bergen, Norway in the 1560s, around 30 years after the Reformation. This introduced a brief period of iconoclasm in Denmark–Norway, inspired by Reformed theology. Soon, however, mainstream Lutheranism took over and statues and pictures were reintroduced. The different views on images in the two Protestant confessions – Lutheranism and Calvinism – are, of course, well known, as are also the various theological arguments in the debate between them. More interesting is the practical question of how it was possible to manage without images when addressing a largely illiterate audience. Here, Lutherans seemed to have basically the same attitude as Catholics, although they differed in the exact way the images were used. Both were ‘mass religions’, aiming at including the whole population and using whatever means necessary for this purpose. By contrast, Calvinism was an intellectual and elite religion, creating tight communities of true believers in accordance with the belief in Predestination. It has therefore been regarded as an important factor in modernization theories, from Weber’s explanation of capitalism to later theories of the link between Reformed Protestantism and modern science. Although there is little to indicate that pictures are an obstacle to science, the intellectual and elitist character of Reformed Protestantism may have contributed to the scientific revolution in the early modern period. Generally, the history of iconoclasm illustrates the fact that images are a powerful medium, particularly when most people are illiterate, and that a religion that abstains from this medium is faced with the challenge of finding a replacement for it.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80703628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Legal View of Iconoclasm. New Ideologies and Overturning Existing Legal Orders: Legal Iconoclasm in Germany 圣像破坏的法律观点。新意识形态与现行法律秩序的颠覆:德国的法律偶像主义

IF 0.4 4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1062798722000333

Hans Ulrich Jessurun d’Oliveira

引用次数: 0

Russia’s Iconoclasms

IF 0.4 4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1062798722000448

R. Lachmann

引用次数: 0

The Palaikastro Kouros and Iconoclasm in the Wider Mediterranean Area 大地中海地区的古罗斯宫与圣像破坏主义