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Open Science in Italy: Lessons Learned En Route to Opening Scholarship 意大利的开放科学:通往开放奖学金的道路上的经验教训
IF 0.4 4区 社会学
European Review Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1017/s1062798723000121
R. Ciriminna, M. Pagliaro
{"title":"Open Science in Italy: Lessons Learned En Route to Opening Scholarship","authors":"R. Ciriminna, M. Pagliaro","doi":"10.1017/s1062798723000121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798723000121","url":null,"abstract":"Following the analysis of the slow uptake of open science in Italy, we identify four main lessons learned that may be useful to scholars and research policy makers engaged in promoting the uptake of open science culture and practices in their own countries.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79044586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Objectivity and Intellectual Humility in Scientific Research: They’re Harder Than You Think 科学研究中的客观性和智力谦逊:比你想象的要难
IF 0.4 4区 社会学
European Review Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1017/S1062798723000091
Nancy Cartwright, Faron Ray
{"title":"Objectivity and Intellectual Humility in Scientific Research: They’re Harder Than You Think","authors":"Nancy Cartwright, Faron Ray","doi":"10.1017/S1062798723000091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798723000091","url":null,"abstract":"We begin from the assumption that where scientific research will predictably be used to affect things of moral significance in the world, you have a special duty, a duty of care, to ‘get it right’. This, we argue, requires a special kind of objectivity, ‘objectivity to be found’. What is it that’s to be found? In any kind of scientific endeavour, you should make all reasonable efforts to find the right methods to get the right results to serve the purposes at stake and neither exaggerate nor underestimate the credibility of what you have done. That, we take it, is what in this context constitutes objectivity and intellectual humility. But where your results will affect the world, you have a more demanding duty: a duty to ‘get it right’ about the purposes the endeavour should serve. Often the most morally significant purposes are those that ‘go without saying’ and because they are not said, we can too easily overlook them, sometimes at the cost even of human lives. We illustrate this with the example of the Vajont dam design and the flawed modelling that resulted in the Hillsborough football disaster.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87324225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Environmental Sustainability of the European Union Countries: Collective Identity as a Stratum for Decarbonization 欧盟国家的环境可持续性:作为脱碳阶层的集体认同
IF 0.4 4区 社会学
European Review Pub Date : 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1017/s1062798723000133
Mehmet Direkli, Glory Chiyoru Dike
{"title":"The Environmental Sustainability of the European Union Countries: Collective Identity as a Stratum for Decarbonization","authors":"Mehmet Direkli, Glory Chiyoru Dike","doi":"10.1017/s1062798723000133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798723000133","url":null,"abstract":"To stay within a ‘well below 2°C’ climate change track, the Paris Agreement and goal 13 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for climate action – a global decrease in Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. Arguments in this study are derived from the hypothesis that a collective identity among the EU states would foster collective actions toward reducing global warming. Thus, the objective of this study is to explore how different EU countries (Poland, Italy, and Germany) employ three decarbonization pillars: waste recycling, eco-innovation, and policy innovation (WEP) as a yardstick to mitigate global warming and attain the EU’s ‘net-zero’ emissions by 2050. The study also utilizes annual data collected from the Eurostat indicator from 2014 to 2020. The findings reveal that Germany has the most successful average recycling rate in Europe; 65.5% of the country’s domestic waste is either recycled or reused. On the other hand, Poland is a low performer in eco-innovation. Additionally, an analysis of policy regulations reveals that both Germany and Italy can comply with the policy and regulations of the EU on carbon neutrality. At the same time, Poland, on the other hand, lacks the commitment to carbon neutrality due to its reliance on carbon-intensive coal. Therefore, this study recommends translating EU climatic laws in their simplest forms into local laws. More so, citizens’ behaviour will be further influenced toward environmental sustainability by this collective mindset.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89309956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Early-career Academic Clinicians at the Intersection of Medicine, Research and Policy – Lessons Learned from the COVID Pandemic 处于医学、研究和政策交叉点的早期职业学术临床医生——从COVID大流行中吸取的教训
IF 0.4 4区 社会学
European Review Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1017/S106279872300011X
G. Toldi
{"title":"Early-career Academic Clinicians at the Intersection of Medicine, Research and Policy – Lessons Learned from the COVID Pandemic","authors":"G. Toldi","doi":"10.1017/S106279872300011X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S106279872300011X","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID pandemic enforced unprecedented pressure upon the academic clinician workforce globally. While in some aspects this has been a time of opportunity for academic clinicians, it has also exposed the vulnerabilities of this career path and the challenges early-career academic clinicians face. These challenges include the lack of dedicated training programmes, obstacles to international recognition of their career paths, and the remuneration gap between academic clinicians and their clinical counterparts. Addressing these issues will require a concerted effort from policymakers, funding agencies, and the medical community. However, investing in increasing the pool of academic clinicians in the long term is essential to advancing medical knowledge and improving the wellbeing of all of society.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77993143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Towards an Inclusive and Representative Academic Landscape 迈向包容性和代表性的学术景观
IF 0.4 4区 社会学
European Review Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1017/S1062798723000108
L. Leppert, K. Solymosi, Yvonne Galligan
{"title":"Towards an Inclusive and Representative Academic Landscape","authors":"L. Leppert, K. Solymosi, Yvonne Galligan","doi":"10.1017/S1062798723000108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798723000108","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a summary of a panel discussion entitled ‘Towards an inclusive and representative academic landscape’, held at the Building Bridges Meeting of Academia Europaea and the Young Academy of Europe on 26 October 2022. The panellists were Professor Yvonne Galligan, director of Equality, Diversity and Inclusion and Professor of Comparative Politics at the Technological University Dublin, Dr Katalin Solymosi, plant biologist, assistant professor at Eötvös Loránd University and vice-chair of the Young Academy of Europe, and Professor Stephen Curry, Assistant Provost for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion and Professor of Structural Biology at Imperial College London. Dr Linn Leppert, Associate Professor of Computational Chemical Physics and board member of the Young Academy of Europe chaired the discussion.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90397074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Education During the Covid-19 Pandemic. The Case of Romania’s Political-Administrative Decisions on Education and Health Covid-19大流行期间的教育。罗马尼亚关于教育和卫生的政治行政决定案例
IF 0.4 4区 社会学
European Review Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1017/s1062798723000078
Radu Săgeată, Nicolae Geantă, N. Damian, M. Persu
{"title":"Education During the Covid-19 Pandemic. The Case of Romania’s Political-Administrative Decisions on Education and Health","authors":"Radu Săgeată, Nicolae Geantă, N. Damian, M. Persu","doi":"10.1017/s1062798723000078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798723000078","url":null,"abstract":"This article highlights the problems faced by teachers, students, parents and authorities in Romania during the Coronavirus pandemic, as well as their management in the general context of the health crisis unfolding in this country. The documentation regarding Romania was compiled mainly on the basis of official reports and information taken from the media, due to the novelty of the subject for the case study presented. They were joined by theoretical-methodological works on the general epidemiological context and by studies on the particularities of the Romanian education system, which helped us to outline the theoretical-methodological background of the research. The authors have tried to highlight good practices, but also the errors that led to an increase in the number of cases and the imposition of restrictions, during the first four waves of the pandemic, with a major impact on educational activities in Romania. The main restrictions and advantages of online education, a first for the Romanian education system, are also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86732179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Legal Socialization in the Context of Global Transformations 全球转型背景下的法律社会化
IF 0.4 4区 社会学
European Review Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1062798723000066
O. Paruta, T. Harasymiv, I. Lychenko, O. Kotukha, V. Chornopyska
{"title":"Legal Socialization in the Context of Global Transformations","authors":"O. Paruta, T. Harasymiv, I. Lychenko, O. Kotukha, V. Chornopyska","doi":"10.1017/s1062798723000066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798723000066","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the problem of legal socialization in the context of changes in the global social reality, and the analysis of a set of measures of citizenship legal education as a priority factor of proper legal socialization in modern conditions. The authors’ methodological basis of the research consists of a set of key approaches (synergetic, interdisciplinary, humanistic, cosmopolitan-sociological) and a three-level system of methods: philosophical, general scientific and special scientific methods. The legal statistical method is used for a comprehensive analysis and establishment of certain patterns based on statistical processing of quantitative material collected as a result of the study (certain data from UN and EUROSTAT official documents and publications were used). It is proved that legal socialization conceptualizes two processes for achieving compliance both on the basis of consensus and coercion. Therefore, the task of proper legal policy is the formation of such a mechanism of law-making, law-enforcement and law-interpreting guarantees that take into account the latest requirements of social reality and the classic moral and ethical patterns of existence of civilized nations. It is generalized that the manifestations of the transformation of legal globalization affecting the legal socialization of the individual are manifested in the following: systematic, continuous, rapid renewal of legal knowledge; obtaining legal information through the latest and classic channels; complexity of legal knowledge and practical skills of implementation, interpretation of legal norms; integrativeness; and multiculturalism of legal communication. It is pointed out that citizenship legal education is a priority means of proper legal socialization and a set of legal guarantees to ensure the proper level of proposed citizenship education.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74915238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From British Menageries and Hippodromes to the Olympic Circus in the Grand Duchy of Posen: The Origins of the Use of Ostriches in European Sport and Entertainment 从英国的动物园和竞技场到波森大公国的奥林匹克马戏团:鸵鸟在欧洲体育和娱乐中使用的起源
IF 0.4 4区 社会学
European Review Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.1017/s1062798723000054
Mateusz Rozmiarek, Arkadiusz Włodarczyk
{"title":"From British Menageries and Hippodromes to the Olympic Circus in the Grand Duchy of Posen: The Origins of the Use of Ostriches in European Sport and Entertainment","authors":"Mateusz Rozmiarek, Arkadiusz Włodarczyk","doi":"10.1017/s1062798723000054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798723000054","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history, animals have been involved in human life in various ways. People have attributed a special role to birds of prey or exotic birds, including ostriches, whose involvement in entertainment and sports began in the first half of the nineteenth century. This article discusses the origins, development and reception of the ostrich entertainment industry in two areas of nineteenth-century Europe that had significantly different social, political and economic circumstances: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (as it was then known) and partitioned Poland (the example of the Grand Duchy of Posen). The first uses of ostriches for entertainment purposes in Europe consisted of bird exhibitions in travelling menageries, hippodromes and in circus shows. Among the pioneers of this kind of entertainment in the British Isles was William Batty, and in the culturally excluded territories of partitioned Poland it was Ernst Renz, whose Olympic circus, thanks to its diverse programme of shows and performances, provided important entertainment and educational opportunities for Poles under occupation.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74658858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bargaining the Euro: Making an EU Fiscal Union Politically Acceptable 与欧元讨价还价:使欧盟财政联盟在政治上可接受
IF 0.4 4区 社会学
European Review Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.1017/s1062798723000030
F. Figueira, Raphael A. Espinoza
{"title":"Bargaining the Euro: Making an EU Fiscal Union Politically Acceptable","authors":"F. Figueira, Raphael A. Espinoza","doi":"10.1017/s1062798723000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798723000030","url":null,"abstract":"An EU Fiscal Union is being discussed as a way to avoid future euro-crises and guarantee the stability of the euro. So far, however, it has proved politically impossible, as EU countries are unwilling to give up their sovereignty on fiscal policy. This article develops a bargaining model that sheds light on how fiscal pooling could become politically acceptable. The model differentiates between the ‘South’ (net beneficiaries) and the ‘North’ (net payers). We find that fiscal pooling should be done via a combination of the fiscal instruments with the highest fiscal multipliers. Instead of a single Fiscal Union, we therefore propose a combination of fiscal pooling instruments which, together, add up to the sufficient level of fiscal integration.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76822118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Being European Becomes a Sin: Zinnie Harris’ How to Hold Your Breath as a Modern Morality Play 成为欧洲人是一种罪恶:津尼·哈里斯的《如何屏住呼吸》是一部现代道德剧
IF 0.4 4区 社会学
European Review Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.1017/s1062798723000042
Azime Pekşen Yakar
{"title":"Being European Becomes a Sin: Zinnie Harris’ How to Hold Your Breath as a Modern Morality Play","authors":"Azime Pekşen Yakar","doi":"10.1017/s1062798723000042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798723000042","url":null,"abstract":"Zinnie Harris’ play, How to Hold Your Breath, predominantly involves Dana’s journey to Alexandria for a job interview. During her journey, Europe goes into financial collapse, and Dana and her sister Jasmine’s pride and sense of security, only because they are Europeans, are recurrently tested and gradually shatter due to a series of nightmarish experiences and encounters. The play deals, in particular, with the current discussions of the refugee crisis and the concept of Europe as the gist of civilization, yet it satirizes the latter by reducing it to an illusion that easily dissolves. Hence, even though the play is concerned with contemporary politics, it is curiously categorized, referring to the medieval genre, as a modern morality play. In this respect, this article analyses the concepts of being European as a sin – specifically pride, one of the seven deadly sins – in How to Hold Your Breath, and of Europe as a system that provides shelter to individuals in times of economic hardships. Accordingly, it explores Harris’ fusion of the medieval and the contemporary in Dana’s story, including the appalling conditions she has to endure as a refugee, so as to offer a novel perspective on the debates regarding Europe, Brexit, and the refugee crisis.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75824963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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