{"title":"College Retention, Graduation Rates, and Enrollment","authors":"Jeffrey W. Cline, Nodir Adilov","doi":"10.1007/s11293-026-09850-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11293-026-09850-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The continued decline in college enrollment in the United States will intensify competition among colleges to attract new students. This, in turn, will also increase the impetus for colleges to retain current students. While past work has primarily focused on the examination of best practices for student success and increased retention rates, this paper models the relationships between retention, academic progress, enrollment, and graduation outcomes to generate new policy insights. To calibrate the model, data were sourced from the United States National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System’s surveys from 2017 and 2022. Results suggest that the retention elasticity of enrollment in public institutions (77.1%) is statistically higher than in private not-for-profit (75.9%) and private for-profit (75.6%) institutions, implying that improving retention rates will lead to larger gains in enrollment in public colleges. On average, the theoretical cap on enrollment decline that could be offset by improving first-year retention is around 25%. The model also predicts that an increase in the first-year retention rate in public institutions from 75.1% to 85% is expected to increase the four-year and five-year graduation rates from 35.6% to 40.3% and from 48.1% to 54.4%, respectively. The findings have important implications, particularly for college administrators, as effective retention policies can both increase long-term enrollment and improve four- and five-year graduation rates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46061,"journal":{"name":"ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"54 1","pages":"19 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11293-026-09850-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Foreign Direct Investment and Net Reverse Transfers from Latin America and the Caribbean: Econometric Evidence for Chile","authors":"Miguel D. Ramirez","doi":"10.1007/s11293-026-09848-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11293-026-09848-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper addresses the important question of whether the widespread adoption of market-based and outward-oriented reforms in Latin America has reversed the net transfer of resources from the region to the developed nations of the world. It provides econometric (time-series) evidence for the impact of foreign direct investment flows and reverse net transfers of profits and interest on labor productivity growth in the case of Chile. The selection of Chile is notable because it was one of the first countries to adopt market-based reforms and it is generally considered one of the best performing economies in the region, even in comparison to larger economies such as Brazil and Mexico. This paper documents reverse flows of capital that are not only large in absolute terms, but also relative to gross domestic product and gross fixed capital formation. It represents foregone opportunities for domestic investment in physical and human capital and may further undermine the country’s already strained capacity to generate future income and employment opportunities for its population. In this connection, the error-correction estimates for Chile suggest that, once remittances of profits and interest are deducted, the positive economic impact (and importance) of the growth rate in the net foreign capital stock per worker on labor productivity growth is diminished, <i>ceteris paribus</i>. The paper addresses the endogeneity and serial correlation problem via use of the parametric dynamic ordinary least squares and non-parametric fully modified ordinary least squares long-run estimator for the Chilean labor productivity equation in level form. The generated estimates are, in general, consistent with the error-correction estimates. The paper does not address the important question of whether the financial and technological (managerial) knowhow foreign capital ostensibly brings to the country (and the region) is enough to offset the negative effects emanating from the unprecedented reverse transfer of resources in recent decades.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46061,"journal":{"name":"ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"54 1","pages":"59 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Easier Matching But More Contractions: Smartphone Usage, Dating Behavior and the Spread of Sexually Transmitted Infections","authors":"Dirk Bethmann, Jae Il Cho, Yiming Du","doi":"10.1007/s11293-026-09845-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11293-026-09845-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Smartphones enable both easy reservations of motel accommodations and carefree searches for sexual partners. This study investigates the relationship between smartphone use, motel spending, and the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in South Korea. Monthly data (N = 72) from December 2017 to November 2023 were analyzed, combining information on diagnosed sexually transmitted infection cases from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, smartphone users from the Korean Statistical Information Service, and motel credit and debit card spending from the Korea Tour Data Lab. Using a vector error correction model from time series analysis, the results show that smartphone use Granger causes both higher motel spending and higher incidences of sexually transmitted infections. The latter effect is particularly pronounced in cases of condyloma, suggesting that smartphone use may disproportionately impact the gay community, as condylomas are more common among men who have sex with men. In addition to the effect of smartphone use, motel spending is found to Granger cause a higher incidence of sexually transmitted infections. The evidence thus indicates a direct and indirect influence of smartphone use on the spread of sexually transmitted infections. These findings highlight the complex relationship between technology adoption, behavioral patterns, and public health concerns, and underscore the need for targeted interventions and awareness campaigns to mitigate potential adverse effects associated with smartphone-driven behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46061,"journal":{"name":"ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"54 1","pages":"39 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Welfare Effects of Price Changes in Government Lotteries","authors":"Fenfang Li, Xun Xu, Kam Yu","doi":"10.1007/s11293-025-09839-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11293-025-09839-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ticket price for the government lottery Lotto 6/49 in Canada has gone through two changes. The price increased from <span>($1)</span> to <span>($2)</span> (Canadian dollars) per ticket in 2004, then increased to <span>($3)</span> in 2013. The rules of the game also changed with the price increases. The average sales revenue increased slightly, while the number of tickets sold decreased substantially. Using the implicit utility theory developed by Erwin Diewert and the extension to lotteries developed by others, this paper estimates the effects of ticket price changes on consumer welfare. Payout prizes of 1,983 draws were collected from Lottery Canada, while data on average household characteristics were collected from Statistics Canada. A byproduct of the estimation is a true cost-of-living index for the game. The results show that there were substantial decreases in consumer welfare and increases in the real price. While the changes in ticket prices increased revenue for the Lottery Corporation, implications suggest reverting to the <span>($1)</span> ticket price regime.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46061,"journal":{"name":"ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"53 4","pages":"303 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147336539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncovering the Impact of FDA Accelerated Approval on Biotechnology Companies","authors":"Catherine Nemeskal","doi":"10.1007/s11293-025-09844-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11293-025-09844-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46061,"journal":{"name":"ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"53 4","pages":"347 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147337943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Skilled Immigration and Business Diversity: Evidence from the H-1B Lottery","authors":"Spencer Ma","doi":"10.1007/s11293-025-09841-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11293-025-09841-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the effect of H-1B visa lottery outcomes on firm concentration and business diversity at the county level in the United States, leveraging a natural experiment. H-1B data from the Department of Labor and United States Citizenship and Immigration Services were merged with business data from the United States Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns to analyze changes in market structure. Business diversity was measured using two indices: the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index and the Shannon Diversity Index. Using a continuous difference-in-differences design, the analysis found that counties with a higher lottery win rate experienced a 0.64% decline in the Herfindahl Hirschman Index and a 0.27% increase in the Shannon Diversity Index. These findings suggest that high-skilled immigration contributes to economic diversification, supporting the broader argument that the H-1B visa plays a role beyond filling labor shortages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46061,"journal":{"name":"ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"53 4","pages":"323 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147337747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}